Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Surface Antigen Expression and Prognosis in Myeloma: Australian Leukaemia Study Group Study

The Australian Leukaemia Study Group myeloma study (MM1) aimed to determine the prognostic significance of clinical and immunophenotypic markers in patients with multiple myeloma. All patients were treated with standard dose melphalan and prednisone. Seventy-four patients were entered and the median survival was 27 months. Serum beta 2-microglobulin (βM) and albumin levels were the only significant clinical factors influencing survival (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). Patients with raised levels of CD38+ lymphocytes at presentation had a significantly shorter survival than patients with normal levels (p = 0.01, logrank test, median 19 months vs 33 months). CD38 antigen expression was independent of β2M but patients with raised levels of CD38 had significantly lower levels of albumin than patients with normal levels (p = 0.001) which may explain their poorer survival. Salmon and Durie stage was not associated with antigen expression. No other B-cell antigens (CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, FMC1 or FMC7) or plasma cell antigens tested (PCA-1) were found to be associated with prognosis. Patients who achieved plateau phase had a better prognosis than those who did not (p = 0.04 in a landmark analysis). Patients who achieved plateau phase following an objective response appeared to have a better prognosis than those who were in plateau phase at presentation (p = 0.09 in a landmark analysis). Light chain isotype suppression (LCIS) was not associated with a significant survival advantage and did not correlate with any known prognostic indicator. We conclude that phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes for CD38 antigen at diagnosis may be useful as a prognostic indicator in patients with myeloma.     

The spectrum of opportunistic filamentous fungi present in the CBS culture collection

The mould collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands, was screened for isolates originating from warm-blooded animals. The range of species indicates that distribution of clinically relevant, pathogenic or opportunistic strains over the fungal kingdom is non-random. Some opportunistic fungi possess adaptations to life under hostile environmental conditions, enabling them to survive inside the human body. Presence of melanin or carotene seems to be an important virulence factor. Opportunistic fungi which sporulate in submersion are able to disseminate or cause severe local mycoses when the aspecific immune system of the host is impaired. Mycoses caused by a few dimorphic fungi, mostly in their natural ecological niche living in association with vertebrates, are promoted by specific immune deficiencies.     

原发性肾小球疾病患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化的初探

本文应用磁性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶桥联酶标技术（APAAP），对27例原发性肾小球疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行观察。结果表明：本组病例表现为CD细胞升高，CD细胞减少，和CD／CD比值增加。提示原发性肾小球疾病可导致细胞免疫功能改变，T淋巴细胞亚群的变化，是肾组织损害的一个间接证据，可作为临床诊断一个有价值的参考指标。     

纤维组织粘合剂的实验研究

本文应用“冷沉淀”法制备纤维组织粘合剂。对纤维组织粘合剂中主要成份和含量进行了测定,并测定了主要理化性质,建立了动物实验模型,观察了实验兔对纤维粘合剂的反应。     

SARS家庭聚集型病例8例报告分析

SARS是由变异冠状病毒引起的新型烈性传染病，具有在家庭和医院内聚集发病的特点。其影像学表现对于临床诊断和随诊观察具有重要价值。本文报告了分属3个家庭的8个病例发病早期(1周)影像学表现(包括胸部平片和CT)和部分临床表现资料，讨论并分析SARS早期影像学表现的若干特点及与临床表现之间的关系。     

不同类型高危儿早期干预的临床研究

目的 探索早期干预对窒息、高胆、早产三类高危儿智力发育改善的效果，寻找更合适的早期干预措施。方法 将三类高危儿分为干预组及对照组，同时随机选取正常对照组进行随访。干预组采用鲍秀兰教授“0～3岁”早期干预方案训练，各组均在6个月、1岁时分别采用婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)进行智力发育测评，结果用MDI、PDI表示。结果 (1)6个月龄时MDI各干预组与对照组间有显著性差异，窒息组、早产组与正常组间亦有显著性差异；高胆组与正常组间无差异；PDI窒息组中干预组与对照组之间有显著差异(P＜0．01)，高胆组、早产组均无差异(P＞0．05)。(2)1岁时MDI和PDI结果一致，干预组与对照组间比较窒息组、高胆组有显著差异，早产组无差异；窒息组、高胆组干预组与正常组比较无差异，对照组和早产组与正常组比较均有显著差异(P＜0．01)。(3)所有干预组测评分值均高于对照组，6个月与1岁之间比较有显著差异，各观察组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。结论 三类高危儿早期干预效果差异较大，干预组均较对照组分值高，早期干预有改善智力发育的作用；三类高危儿中，窒息组、高胆组效果最好，均达到或超过正常水平。所有未干预组均不及正常水平；早期干预对足月高危儿效果显著，对早产儿欠佳，远期效果尚需进一步随访观察。     

顽固性癫痫的组合手术治疗

目的对部分顽固性癫痫病人，在严格充分的术前评价之后．依据结果将几种手术方式适当的组合使用，并对其临床效果进行评价。方法对同济大学东方医院神经外科收治的116例顽固性癫痫中的25例病人施行联合手术的治疗方法。发作形式为全身强直一阵挛性发作、复杂部分性发作及失神发作等，其中有14例存在两种发作形式。术前均服过多种抗癫痫药．病程后期同时服用2～3种抗癫痫药。25例病人术前均行24h脑电监测及头颅MRI检查．有19例术前行硬膜下皮层电极和深部电极检测，其中1例行头颅PET检查。手术在皮层脑电及深部电极监测下进行。13例行额颢开颅，颞前叶及海马、杏仁核切除＋额部部分区域的软膜下横切术（MST），其中7例附加胼胝体前部切开术；11例行额部开颅，额部软化灶切除＋运动区MST，其中2例附加胼胝体前部切开术；1例行双侧枕顶部开颅，左枕叶萎缩皮层切除＋胼胝体后部切开＋右侧顶枕的MST。结果术后无死亡及严重并发症。术后抗癫痫药物使用减少，术后23例服用一种抗癫痫药，2例服用两种抗癫痫药。术后随访6～12个月，17例手术效果为Engel 1级，4例为Engel2级，4例为Engel3级。40岁以下的患者手术后癫痫控制的可能性显著大于40岁以上者（P〈0．05）；病程在10年以下的患者术后癫痫无发作的可能性显著大于10年以上者（P〈0．05）。头颅MRI上有无明显的结构异常对病人的预后没有影响（P〉0．05）。结论在严格术前评价的前提下，尤其是在有精通神经电生理知识的神经外科医生综合分析下，采用多种手术方式组合治疗顽固性癫痫效果显著。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

慢性稳定性心绞痛患者肺炎衣原体感染检测的意义

目的　探讨肺炎衣原体感染与慢性稳定性心绞痛患者血中炎症标志物之间的关系。方法　采用微量免疫荧光法 (MIF)和酶联免疫法 (ELISA)对 5 2例经冠状动脉造影证实的慢性稳定心绞痛患者 (CSA)血中肺炎衣原体IgG抗体 (CpIgG)和肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、C 反应蛋白 (CRP)进行检测。结果　在慢性稳定性心绞痛患者组中CpIgG阳性率为 5 5 .77% ;而CpIgG滴度与TNF α、IL 6和CRP单因素及多因素回归分析发现只有CpIgG与TNF α显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与IL 6和CRP之间无显著相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。在慢性稳定性心绞痛患者中肺炎衣原体感染可能促进TNF α的升高 ,但肺炎衣原体的感染不是导致斑块不稳定的主要因素     

降低ePTFE隆鼻术后感染发生率的临床研究

目的:寻找一种降低膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)隆鼻术后感染发生率的方法。方法:尝试将雕刻成形的ePTFE假体放入含有庆大霉素溶液的注射器内,负压抽吸使庆大霉素溶液进入材料的孔隙,然后将假体置入。结果:比较处理组与未处理组感染发生的情况,庆大霉素处理组的感染率明显低于未处理组,有显著性差异。结论:该方法是一种减少ePTFE隆鼻术后感染发生率的简便易行方法。