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91.
Ellen R Julian Deborah J Ingersoll Patricia M Etienne Anthony E Hilger 《Academic medicine》2004,79(4):360-364
PURPOSE: Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) examinees with disabilities who receive accommodations receive flagged scores indicating nonstandard administration. This report compares MCAT examinees who received accommodations and their performances with standard examinees. METHOD: Aggregate history records of all 1994-2000 MCAT examinees were identified as flagged (2,401) or standard (297,880), then further sorted by race/ethnicity (broadly identified as underrepresented minority and non-URM, at the time of testing) and gender. Those with flagged scores were also classified by disability (LD = learning disability, ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, LD/ADHD = learning disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Other = other disability) and type of accommodation. Mean MCAT scores were calculated for all groups. A group of 866 examinees took the MCAT first as a standard administration and subsequently with accommodations. In a separate analysis, their two sets of scores were compared. RESULTS: Less than 1% of examinees (2,401) had accommodations; of these, 55% were LD, 17% ADHD, 5% LD/ADHD, and 23% Other. Extended time was the most frequently provided accommodation. Mean flagged scores slightly exceeded mean standard scores on all MCAT sections. Examinees who retook the MCAT with accommodations after a standard administration increased their scores by six points, quadrupling the average gain Standard-Standard retest cohort from another study. CONCLUSION: The small but statistically significant different higher flagged scores may reflect either appropriate compensation or overly generous accommodations. Extended time had a positive impact on the scores of those who retested with this accommodation. The validity the flagged MCAT in predicting success in medical school is not known, and further investigation is underway. 相似文献
92.
Miklos Degré Geir Bukholm Ellen E. Lund Gisle Djupesland 《Medical microbiology and immunology》1978,166(1-4):151-156
Herpes virus hominis type 1 was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion (ganglion semilunare, gasservian) in three out of 20 randomly selected autopsies. Two of the three patients had been treated with immunosuppressive or cytostatic agents. Clinical signs of herpes infection were not observed during the previous 6 months. No virus was isolated from the facial ganglion (geniculate ganglion) in the same 20 cases. The findings are discussed in relation to the viral etiology of acute peripheral facial palsy. 相似文献
93.
94.
CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Verrey F Closs EI Wagner CA Palacin M Endou H Kanai Y 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2004,447(5):532-542
The SLC7 family is divided into two subgroups, the cationic amino acid transporters (the CAT family, SLC7A1–4) and the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporters (the gpaAT family, SLC7A5–11), also called light chains or catalytic chains of the hetero(di)meric amino acid transporters (HAT). The associated glycoproteins (heavy chains) 4F2hc (CD98) or rBAT (D2, NBAT) form the SLC3 family. Members of the CAT family transport essentially cationic amino acids by facilitated diffusion with differential trans-stimulation by intracellular substrates. In some cells, they may regulate the rate of NO synthesis by controlling the uptake of l-arginine as the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The heterodimeric amino acid transporters are, in contrast, quite diverse in terms of substrate selectivity and function (mostly) as obligatory exchangers. Their selectivity ranges from large neutral amino acids (system L) to small neutral amino acids (ala, ser, cys-preferring, system asc), negatively charged amino acid (system xc–) and cationic amino acids plus neutral amino acids (system y+L and b0,+-like). Cotransport of Na+ is observed only for the y+L transporters when they carry neutral amino acids. Mutations in b0,+-like and y+L transporters lead to the hereditary diseases cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), respectively. 相似文献
95.
96.
Robert E. Nickel De-Ann M. Pillers Mark Merkens R. Ellen Magenis Deborah A. Driscoll Beverly S. Emanuel Jonathan Zonana 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1994,52(4):445-449
Approximately 5% of children with neural tube defects (NTDs) have a congenital heart defect and/or cleft lip and palate. The cause of isolated meningomyelocele, congenital heart defects, or cleft lip and palate has been largely thought to be multifactorial. However, chromosomal, teratogenic, and single gene causes of combinations of NTDs with congenital heart defects and/or cleft lip and palate have been reported. We report on 3 patients with meningomyelocele, congenital heart defects, and 22q11 deletions. Two of the children had the clinical diagnosis of velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS); both also have bifid uvula. The third child had DiGeorge sequence (DGS). The association of NTDs with 22q11 deletions has not been reported previously. An accurate diagnosis of the 22q11 deletions is critical as this micro-deletion and its associated clinical problems is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait due to the inheritance of the deletion-bearing chromosome. We recommend that all children with NTDs and congenital heart defects, with or without cleft palate, have cytogenetic and molecular studies performed to detect 22q11 deletions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
97.
Judith G. Reynolds Ellen Silva William M. McCormack 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1983,17(4):696-697
We reviewed the medical records of 19 patients who had Streptococcus bovis bacteremia. Eight patients had diverticulosis, four had benign adenomatous colonic polyps, and three had adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Laboratory workers and clinicians should be aware of the association of S. bovis bacteremia and gastrointestinal disease. 相似文献
98.
Niels Lorenzen Ellen Lorenzen Katja Einer-Jensen Scott E LaPatra 《Developmental and comparative immunology》2002,26(2):173-179
It was recently reported that DNA vaccination of rainbow trout fingerlings against viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) induced protection within 8 days after intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA. In order to analyse the specificity of this early immunity, fish were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding the VHSV or the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein genes and later challenged with homologous or heterologous pathogens. Challenge experiments revealed that immunity established shortly after vaccination was cross-protective between the two viral pathogens whereas no increased survival was found upon challenge with bacterial pathogens. Within two months after vaccination, the cross-protection disappeared while the specific immunity to homologous virus remained high. The early immunity induced by the DNA vaccines thus appeared to involve short-lived non-specific anti-viral defence mechanisms. 相似文献
99.
P J de Pagter Rob Schuurman Ellen Meijer Debbie van Baarle E A M Sanders J J Boelens 《Journal of clinical virology》2008,43(4):361-366
Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) is known to reactivate after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and has been suggested to be associated with increased mortality and severe clinical manifestations, including graft versus host disease (GvHD). The exact etiological role of HHV6 reactivation in increased morbidity and mortality after HSCT remains unclear. This review will focus on the current available evidence of HHV6 reactivation after HSCT and its immuno-modulatory capacities, with particular emphasis on the severe complication GvHD. At present, no effective specific antiviral treatment for HHV6 reactivation has been identified. The currently available antiviral agents are outlined, as well as possible future strategies for the treatment of HHV6 reactivation. Non-toxic, specific treatment or prevention of HHV6 reactivation might improve the safety and efficacy of the HSCT procedure. 相似文献
100.
Johanna L. Schmidt MPH MGC CGC Amy Pizzino MS CGC Jessica Nicholl MS CGC Allison Foley MMSc CGC Yue Wang PhD FACMG Jill A. Rosenfeld MS CGC Lindsey Mighion MS CGC Lora Bean PhD Cristina da Silva MS Megan T. Cho MS CGC Rebecca Truty PhD John Garcia PhD Virginia Speare PhD Kirsten Blanco BS Zoe Powis MS CGC Grace M. Hobson PhD Susan Kirwin BS Bryan Krock PhD FACMG Hane Lee PhD Joshua L. Deignan PhD Maggie A. Westemeyer MS CGC Ryan L. Subaran PhD Isabelle Thiffault PhD FABMGG Ellen A. Tsai PhD Terry Fang PhD Guy Helman BS Adeline Vanderver MD 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(8):1906-1912
Leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of heritable disorders characterized by abnormal brain white matter signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and primary involvement of the cellular components of myelin. Previous estimates suggest the incidence of leukodystrophies as a whole to be 1 in 7,000 individuals, however the frequency of specific diagnoses relative to others has not been described. Next generation sequencing approaches offer the opportunity to redefine our understanding of the relative frequency of different leukodystrophies. We assessed the relative frequency of all 30 leukodystrophies (associated with 55 genes) in more than 49,000 exomes. We identified a relatively high frequency of disorders previously thought of as very rare, including Aicardi Goutières Syndrome, TUBB4A‐related leukodystrophy, Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, POLR3‐related Leukodystrophy, Vanishing White Matter, and Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher Disease. Despite the relative frequency of these conditions, carrier‐screening laboratories regularly test only 20 of the 55 leukodystrophy‐related genes, and do not test at all, or test only one or a few, genes for some of the higher frequency disorders. Relative frequency of leukodystrophies previously considered very rare suggests these disorders may benefit from expanded carrier screening. 相似文献