A comparative study of the effects of different TiO2 supports toward CO2 electrochemical reduction on CuO/TiO2 electrode

CuO-based electrodes possess vast potential in the field of CO₂ electrochemical reduction. Meantime, TiO₂ supports show the advantages of being non-toxic, low-cost and having high chemical stability, which render it an ideal electrocatalytic support with CuO. However, different morphologies and structures of TiO₂ supports can be obtained through various methods, leading to the discrepant electrocatalytic properties of CuO/TiO₂. In this paper, three supports, named dense TiO₂, TiO₂ nanotube and TiO₂ nanofiber, were applied to synthesize CuO/TiO₂ electrodes by thermal decomposition, and the performances of the electrocatalysts were studied. Results show that the main product of the three electrocatalysts was ethanol, but the electrochemical efficiency and reaction characteristics are obviously different. The liquid product of CuO/Dense TiO₂ is pure ethanol, however, the current efficiency is rather low owing to the higher resistance of the TiO₂ film. CuO/TiO₂ nanotube shows high conductivity and ethanol can be synthesized at low overpotential with high current efficiency, but the gas products cannot be restricted. CuO/TiO₂ nanofiber has a larger specific surface area and more active sites, which is beneficial for CO₂ reduction, and the hydrogen evolution reaction can be evidently restricted. The yield of ethanol reaches up to 6.4 μmol cm⁻² at −1.1 V (vs. SCE) after 5 h.

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ on three different morphologies of CuO/TiO₂.     

淋球菌对五种抗生素的耐药性连续六年监测结果分析

目的了解6年来广州地区淋球菌对5种抗生素的耐药趋势及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MICs)以及用纸片碘量法检测β内酰胺酶。结果719株淋球菌检出PPNG94株(131%)、TRNG119株(166%),6年来,PPNG、TRNG流行率及环丙沙星耐药率,经μ检验,P<001,差异有显著意义。头孢曲松、壮观霉素未发现耐药菌株,壮观霉素抗菌活性最强。结论壮观霉素在临床上可以作为治疗淋病的首选药物,具有良好疗效。     

川芎龙蛭汤联合西医治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及其对血清CKLF1、CXCL16和FKN水平的影响

目的 探讨川芎龙蛭汤联合西医治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及其对机体血清趋化素样因子1(CKLF1)、CXC趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)和不规则趋化因子(FKN)水平的影响.方法 选择2019年1月至2020年12月在该院诊断为急性脑梗死患者102例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组51例.对照组予以常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上使用川芎龙蛭汤治疗.观察两组治疗后的疗效和不良反应发生率,及治疗前后两组血管性痴呆的中医辨证量表(SDSVD)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、平均血流量(Qm)、平均血流流速(Vm)、血管阻力指数(RI)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)、CKLF1、CXCL16和FKN水平的变化.结果 观察组的总有效率为90.20％,明显高于对照组的70.59％(χ2=5.038,P<0.05);治疗后观察组SDSVD评分、NIHSS评分、RI、SjvO2、CKLF1、CXCL16和FKN水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而ADL评分、Qm、Vm、SaO2和CERO2水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 川芎龙蛭汤联合西医治疗急性脑梗死的疗效显著,能够改善脑部血液供应和氧供应,值得临床推广应用.     

GITRL is associated with increased autoantibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The study aimed to determine the serum level of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigate its clinical significance. GITRL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 88 RA patients, 20 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin G (RF-IgG) were also tested by ELISA. RF-IgM, anti-keratin antibody (AKA), and anti-perinuclear factor (APF) antibodies and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins were measured by standard laboratory techniques. The disease activity was evaluated by the 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28). GITRL concentrations were significantly elevated in both serum and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. GITRL levels in RA sera were significantly higher than those in matched SFs. Positive correlations were found between serum GITRL levels and inflammation parameters or autoantibody production. GITRL levels are significantly elevated in RA serum and SF and are positively correlated with autoantibody production in RA, suggesting a role of GITRL in the development of RA.     

Aprepitant triple therapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following high-dose cisplatin in Chinese patients: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase III trial

Purpose

Aprepitant, an oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated improved control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in previous studies. This is the first phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) in Asian countries.

Methods

This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the prevention of CINV during the acute phase (AP), delayed phase (DP), and overall phase (OP). Patients receiving HEC were randomized to either an aprepitant group (day 1, aprepitant 125 mg; days 2–3, aprepitant 80 mg) or a standard therapy group (days 1–3, placebo). Both groups received intravenous granisetron and oral dexamethasone. The primary end point was complete response (CR; no emesis and no use of rescue therapy) during the OP.

Results

Of the 421 randomized patients, 411 (98 %) were assessable for efficacy; 69.6 % (142/204) and 57.0 % (118/207) of patients reported CR during the OP in the aprepitant and standard therapy groups, respectively (P?=?0.007). CR rates in the aprepitant group were higher during the DP (74.0 % vs. 59.4 %, P?=?0.001) but were similar during the AP (79.4 % vs. 79.3 %, P?=?0.942). Toxicity and adverse events were comparable in both groups.

Conclusions

The addition of aprepitant to standard antiemetic treatment regimens for Chinese patients undergoing HEC provided superior CINV prevention and was well tolerated.     

大豆分离蛋白对果蝇寿命的影响

背景大豆蛋白具有降血脂、抑制肿瘤以及雌激素样作用等各种保健功效,但有关大豆分离蛋白对机体寿命影响的研究少见报道.目的观察大豆分离蛋白对果蝇寿命的影响,以探讨其抗衰老与抗氧化作用机制.设计以果蝇为研究对象的对照实验研究.单位一所大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室.材料实验于2002-03/06在新疆医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室果蝇室完成.美国野生型黑腹果蝇400只,雌、雄各半,由新疆医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室提供.方法将400只果蝇分为1个对照组(普通培养基)和3个剂量组(分别为基础培养基含0.2%,1.0%,5.0%大豆分离蛋白).从实验第2天起,每天观察记录果蝇生存数和死亡数,直到全部果蝇死亡为止.计算果蝇平均寿命、半数死亡期和最高寿命. 主要观察指标果蝇平均寿命、半数死亡期和最高寿命.结果与对照组相比,大豆分离蛋白明显延长了雌雄果蝇寿命,并呈剂量反应关系,以高剂量组作用明显,其中雌雄果蝇平均寿命分别延长24.5%和20.7%;半数死亡时间分别延长27.1%和22.0%;最高寿命分别延长13.9%和10.6%.结论大豆分离蛋白能延长果蝇寿命,可能具有一定的延缓衰老作用.     

脑卒中后抑郁早期干预对运动功能恢复和再发脑卒中的影响

目的:探讨脑卒中后抑郁的早期干预对发病后3个月时的运动功能及3年内再发性脑卒中发生率的影响。方法:将2000-01/2004-08南阳市中心医院收治180例诊断为脑卒中后抑郁的患者随机分为治疗组90例和对照组90例,两组的神经功能缺损程度无统计学差异(P>0.05)两组的基础治疗相同,疗程1个月。而治疗组在确诊为脑卒中后抑郁的同时给予抗抑郁治疗:氟西汀20mg/d,连续服用3个月。结束后两组用脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准评定患者的病情严重程度;用汉密顿抑郁量表评定抑郁程度。结果:治疗组治疗后汉密顿抑郁量表评分为6.4±6.2,治疗前为18.5±6.0;差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);治疗后神经功能缺损程度评分:治疗组为10.4±8.5;对照组为22.6±8.9,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);3年内再发性脑卒中的发生率治疗组为7%,对照组为31%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中后抑郁的早期干预可降低神经功能缺损的积分,减少3年内再发性脑卒中的发生率。     

Video-rate high-resolution single-pixel nonscanning photoacoustic microscopy

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is widely utilized in biomedical applications because of its ability to noninvasively image biological tissues in vivo while providing high-resolution morphological and functional information. However, one drawback of conventional OR-PAM is its imaging speed, which is restricted by the scanning technique employed. To achieve a higher imaging frame rate, we present video-rate high-resolution single-pixel nonscanning photoacoustic microscopy (SPN-PAM), which utilizes Fourier orthogonal basis structured planar illumination to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. A 473 × 473 µm² imaging field of view (FOV) with 3.73 µm lateral resolution and video-rate imaging of 30 Hz were achieved. In addition, in both in vitro cell and in vivo mouse vascular hemodynamic imaging experiments, high-quality images were obtained at ultralow sampling rates. Thus, the proposed high-resolution SPN-PAM with video-rate imaging speed provides new insights into high-speed PA imaging and could be a powerful tool for rapid biological imaging.     

(−)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the spontaneous firing of rat locus coeruleus neuron

(−)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a tea catechin, has been known to cause many biological actions, such as anxiolytic and hypotensive effects in behavioral studies. However, to date, few reports investigate its neuronal modulation. In this study, intracellular recording was used to test the neuronal modulation of different catechins on locus coeruleus (LC) neuron, which has been demonstrated to be affected by cardiovascular function regulation and stressful events. Several catechins (1–1000 μM) were tested, including: (−)catechin (C), (−)catechingallate (CG), (−)epicatechin (EC), (−)epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (−)epigallocatechin (EGC) and EGCG. The results showed that catechins EC, ECG, EGC and EGCG could inhibit the spontaneous firing of the LC neurons; furthermore, these catechins show potency and efficacy in the order of EGCG > ECG > EC ≈ EGC. Among the tested catechins, EGCG was the most potent in inhibiting LC's spontaneous firing with IC₅₀ of 20.5 μM. This caused us to further examine the EGCG's desensitization and tolerance properties. When continuously administering EGCG at 1–300 μM for 20 min, no acute desensitization appeared. However, repeated applications of 300 μM EGCG at 5 min each time showed different results. The second and third applications induced less responses compared to that of the first application, suggesting a development of tolerance towards EGCG in inhibiting LC neuronal activity. Our data suggest that EGCG can inhibit LC neuron's spontaneous firing in a dose-dependent manner, with developed tolerance only when high concentration of EGCG is repeatedly applied.     

安宫牛黄丸对自发性高血压大鼠急性脑出血后脑水肿及神经功能缺损的影响

目的:观察安宫牛黄丸对自发性高血压大鼠脑出血后脑组织含水量、脑系数以及神经功能缺损的影响。方法:将自发性高血压大鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、模型组、西药治疗组、中药治疗组、中西药结合治疗组,于6、24、48、72h观察大鼠神经行为学评分,测量脑组织含水量与脑系数。结果:模型组大鼠脑组织含水量、脑系数及行为学评分较空白对照组高(P<0.05),3个治疗组脑组织含水量、脑系数及行为学评分低于模型组(P<0.05),中西结合治疗组脑组织含水量、脑系数及行为学评分明显低于中药治疗组及西药治疗组(P<0.05),中药治疗组与西药中药治疗组与西药治疗组间相比差异无显著性。结论:安宫牛黄丸能够有效减轻脑出血后脑组织含水量、减少脑系数并改善神经功能缺损症状。