客观结构化临床考试在妇产科学专业学位研究生培养中的应用

目的　针对妇产科学专业学位研究生设计与开展客观结构化临床考试（objective structured clinical examination,OSCE）,并通过分析研究生在OSCE中的表现,探索妇产科学专业学位研究生教学工作的改进措施。方法　2017年10月采用OSCE形式考核2016级、2017级妇产科学专业学位硕士研究生的临床能力。该OSCE中设置标准化病人问诊、专科基本操作、辅助检查利用和结果判读及病例分析共4个站点;评分标准包括医患沟通能力、问诊内容完整性、专科基本操作技能、辅助检查利用度、临床思维水平以及知识掌握情况共6个条目。采用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析,组间比较采用t检验。结果　总计27名研究生参加OSCE。6个评分条目中,问诊内容完整性条目得分最低[（78±6）分],辅助检查利用度条目得分最高[（85±3）分]。25.9%（7/27）的研究生在医患沟通技巧方面存在明显不足,22.2%（6/27）的研究生在专科基本操作站点暴露了明显的问题,22.2%（6/27）的研究生缺乏科学的临床诊断思维方法。结论　在妇产科学专业学位硕士研究生教育中,应注重培养研究生的医患沟通能力和临床思维方法,并加强其临床基本技能培训。     

2种聚乙二醇不饱和酸单酯共聚合包被Fe3O4制备磁性微球及其表征

目的：用两种聚乙二醇（Polyethylene glycol,PEG）不饱和酸单酯经自由基共聚包被纳米Fe3O4磁芯制备磁性微球,考察其功能化后特异性和非特异性结合作用。方法：水解沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4磁芯;用PEG-350单甲醚丙烯酸酯和PEG-1540单顺丁烯酸单酯为单体,在正庚烷-水组成的油包水体系自由基共聚制备磁性微球;将微球表面来自PEG-1540的羟基经甲磺酸酯活化、连接乙二胺后再用活化生物素修饰。透射电镜观察其外貌;测定与碱性磷酸酶标记链亲和素（Streptavidin labeled by alkaline phosphate,AP-SAV）的特异性结合、与4-硝基-1-萘酚苯甲酸酯等的非特异性结合。结果：所得Fe3O4粒径60 nm左右,生物素修饰后粒径接近200 nm。此磁性微球可从混合蛋白中选择性分离碱性磷酸酶酶标记的链亲和素,结合容量约51 ng蛋白/g磁性微球;4-硝基-1-萘酚苯甲酸酯在浓度很低时同此磁性微球的结合低于检测限,在浓度高达64 ?滋mol/L时仍无显著结合。结论：用两种PEG不饱和酸酯共聚包被Fe3O4可制备表面亲水磁性微球,功能化后有特异相互作用且非特异性作用很弱,但还需提高此磁性微球功能化后的特异性结合容量。     

Simplified Chinese Version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score in Evaluating Patients with Metastatic Spinal Tumor: A Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation

ObjectiveTo translate the original English version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) into simplified Chinese, adapt it cross‐culturally, validate its psychometric properties in measuring spinal instability in patients with metastatic spinal tumors in the Chinese mainland, examine the reliability and validity to demonstrate its accuracy and applicability in clinical practice.MethodsPatients diagnosed with metastatic spinal disease between January 2016 and January 2020 were recruited. The number of participants was advised to be at least 50 for appropriate analysis of reliability, construct validity, as well as ceiling or floor effects, and recruitment of 100 patients was advised for internal consistency analysis. The study was conducted in two phases: first, the SINS was translated into simplified Chinese; second, the factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the SC‐SINS were assessed. The internationally recognized cross‐cultural adaptation guidelines were followed. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach''s alpha. Test–retest reliability was examined among the patients with a 4‐week interval. The validity of the Chinese version of SINS (SC‐SINS) was assessed by examining its relationship with Kostuik classification. Principal component analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of each subscale.ResultsA total of 160 participants (88 males and 72 females) were enrolled. No major difficulties occurred in the forward and backward translations of SINS. The internal consistency of SC‐SINS was excellent (Cronbach''s α =0.857, ranging from 0.68 to 0.85). Test–retest reliability was also excellent with a value of 0.89, ranging from 0.86 to 0.95. Validity analyses indicated that the SC‐SINS was positively and significantly correlated with Kostuik classification. The correlation between “Posterolateral Involvement of Spinal Elements” and “1‐2 Partial Damage” was the highest with a correlation value of 0.792. The correlation between “Pain” and “1–2 Partial Damage” was the lowest with a value of 0.341. All items showed principal component coefficients greater than 0.4. The values of Factor 1 ranged from 0.523 to 0.681; Factor 2 ranged from 0.591 to 0.731; Factor 3 ranged from 0.613 to 0.754; Factor 4 ranged from 0.461 to 0.711; Factor 5 ranged from 0.513 to 0.701; and Factor 6 ranged from 0.501 to 0.668. In addition, neither floor nor ceiling effects were seen in the SC‐SINS.ConclusionThe SC‐SINS demonstrated high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, which has been proven valid and reliable to measure spinal stability in patients from the Chinese mainland with metastatic spinal tumor.     

微信公众平台在某军医大学战场救治教学中的应用研究

课题组按照教学设计、教学实践和教学反思三个步骤,组织实施微信公众平台辅助战场救治课程教学。教学设计重点关注教学内容设置、学习过程展开和学习效果评价三个环节。内容设置突出重点内容和各知识点的关联性;学习过程强调课前传授和课中内化两个步骤;效果评价综合运用多种方法。通过调查、访谈及分析考试成绩表明,这种新的教学方式被实验班学员普遍接受;该班学员三项核心能力有普遍提高;其考试成绩也高于对照班学员。该应用研究为军医大学组织开展微信公众平台辅助其他课程教学,提供了新鲜思路和有益尝试。此外,对于微信公众平台呈现方式不够多元化等问题,课题组认为尚需深入研究和探讨。     

Catastrophic Periprosthetic Osteolysis in Total Hip Arthroplasty at 20 Years: A Case Report and Literature Review

BackgroundPeriprosthetic osteolysis is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, most orthopedic surgeons only focus on bone loss and hip reconstruction. Thus, it was required to understand the treatment algorithm for periprosthetic osteolysis integrally.Case PresentationA 52‐year‐old Asian male presented with chronic hip pain. A mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal left thigh at more than 20 years after bilateral THA. Radiographs revealed catastrophic periprosthetic osteolysis, especially on the acetabular side. Large amounts of necrotic tissue and bloody fluids were thoroughly debrided during revision THA. A modular hemipelvic prosthesis was used for revision of the left hip. Four years later, the patient presented with right hip pain, where a mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal right thigh. A primary acetabular implant with augment was used for revision of the right hip. Laboratory evaluation of bloody fluid retrieved from surgery revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers.ConclusionInflammatory responses to polyethylene wear debris can lead to severe bone resorption and aseptic loosening in the long‐term following THA. Therefore, in spite of revision THA, interrupting the cascade inflammatory might be the treatment principle for periprosthetic osteolysis.     

放射性核素肾动态显像与静脉肾盂造影评价肾功能的比较

肾脏疾病患者进行放射性核素肾动态显像(RDI)及静脉肾盂造影(IVP)对判断分肾功能具有重要的临床意义.IVP是泌尿系统检查中的常用传统检查方法,但由于此检查在肾功能不全时可致患肾显影不清或不显影,从而低估患肾功能.而RDI具有简便、无创伤、灵敏度高、可重复、可定量评价肾功能的特点,是较IVP更为理想的评价肾功能的方法.IVP患肾不显影时,应进一步行99Tcm-二乙烯三胺五乙酸RDI.     

直肠腔内三维超声和MRI检测对中下段直肠癌患者术前T分期和环周切缘的诊断价值

目的:比较直肠腔内三维超声(3D-ERUS)和核磁共振成像(MRI)对中下段直肠癌患者术前T分期和环周切缘的诊断效果,探讨3D-ERUS在评估中下段直肠癌患者术前T分期和环周切缘中的临床价值.方法:收集94例经术后病理诊断为直肠癌患者的临床资料,患者术前均行3D-ERUS和盆腔MRI检查.3D-ERUS和MRI的T分期...     

以BAFF/APRIL为靶点药物治疗系统性红斑狼疮临床研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种以致病性自身抗体和免疫复合物形成并介导器官、组织损伤的自身免疫性疾病,近年来不少国内外学者发现B淋巴细胞在SLE的发病中扮演了重要的角色,本文主要对以BAFF/APRIL为靶点的药物治疗SLE的临床试验进展进行综述.     

Preparation of rigid polyurethane foam from lignopolyol obtained through mild oxypropylation

Lignin, one of the main components of lignocellulose, can be used as an alternative to chemical polyols in the production of polyurethane because of its abundant phenolic and alcohol hydroxyls. Traditionally, lignin is directly applied in the preparation of polyurethane; however, modified lignin has been proved to be superior, especially that obtained by the oxypropylation reaction. Therefore, lignopolyol obtained by mild and efficient oxypropylation was utilized in the production of rigid polyurethane foam in this study. Specifically, the effects of the content of lignopolyol on the chemical structure, morphological structure, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the lignin-based rigid polyurethane foam were investigated. It was found that the compressive strength of the rigid polyurethane foam was significantly improved with the addition of lignopolyol compared with that of the pure polyurethane foam, which was attributed to the fact that oxypropylation made lignin into highly branched and functionalized polyols by transforming all phenolic hydroxyls into aliphatic hydroxyls. Moreover, when the molal weight of lignopolyol accounted for 40% of the added polyols, the generated foam showed optimal uniformity and regularity, and the compressive strength reached 0.18 MPa, meeting the requirements of industrial application, below which, the amount of undesired reactions is bound to increase. As a consequence, the added amount of lignopolyol was increased as much as possible on the basis of guaranteeing the desired properties, which was more conducive to realizing the green degradation and economic synthesis of rigid polyurethane foam.

Lignin-based polyurethane foam with excellent performance could be produced with the lignopolyol prepared by mild and efficient oxypropylation.     

Malignant transformation of nevus sebaceous to basal-cell carcinoma: Case series,literature review,and management algorithm

Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a common congenital hamartoma of the skin composed predominantly of sebaceous glands. Although most NS are benign skin tumors, malignant transformations have been reported. There is still controversy about the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration and precise surgical criteria. This study reports cases of malignant degeneration and suggests a surgical treatment algorithm. The medical records of patients with basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) arising from NS between January 2001 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics including lesion location, and tumor size were investigated. The symptoms, histological findings before and after excision, complications, and recurrence during 2-year follow-up periods were investigated. Ten patients were identified with BCC arising from NS lesions. All patients were female and the mean age was 52.11 years. All patients complained of sudden morphological changes, the most common type being rapid color changes. Two cases had histological findings that showed a miss-match between punch biopsy and excisional biopsy results. No recurrence was detected 2 years after surgeries in any patients. Cases after third stage, especially in over 40 years who report morphologic changes, should undergo total surgical excision as the first approach, with strong suspicion of malignant degeneration.