全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2457篇 |
免费 | 203篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 58篇 |
妇产科学 | 34篇 |
基础医学 | 466篇 |
口腔科学 | 32篇 |
临床医学 | 289篇 |
内科学 | 567篇 |
皮肤病学 | 67篇 |
神经病学 | 242篇 |
特种医学 | 68篇 |
外科学 | 259篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 139篇 |
眼科学 | 28篇 |
药学 | 161篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 241篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2020年 | 55篇 |
2019年 | 92篇 |
2018年 | 99篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 74篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 128篇 |
2013年 | 135篇 |
2012年 | 245篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 162篇 |
2007年 | 179篇 |
2006年 | 168篇 |
2005年 | 147篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 98篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1911年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2667条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Single‐use flexible bronchoscopes compared with reusable bronchoscopes: Positive organizational impact but a costly solution 下载免费PDF全文
112.
Alarms and Parameters Generated by Hematology Analyzer: New Tools to Predict and Quantify Circulating Sezary Cells 下载免费PDF全文
113.
Delphine S. Tuot Laura C. Plantinga Chi-yuan Hsu Regina Jordan Nilka Ríos Burrows Elizabeth Hedgeman Jerry Yee Rajiv Saran Neil R. Powe for the Centers for Disease Control Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team 《Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology》2011,6(8):1838-1844
Summary
Background and objectives
Awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among providers and patients is low. Whether clinical cues prompt recognition of CKD is unknown. We examined whether markers of kidney disease that should trigger CKD recognition among providers are associated with higher individual CKD awareness.Design, setting, participants, & measurements
CKD awareness was assessed in 1852 adults with an estimated GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 using 1999 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. CKD awareness was a “yes” answer to “Have you ever been told you have weak or failing kidneys?” Participants were grouped by distribution of the following abnormal markers of CKD: hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, elevated blood urea nitrogen, anemia, albuminuria, and uncontrolled hypertension. Odds of CKD awareness associated with each abnormal marker and groupings of markers were estimated by multivariable logistic regression.Results
Among individuals with kidney disease, only those with albuminuria had greater odds of CKD awareness (adjusted odds ratio, 4.0, P < 0.01) than those without. Odds of CKD awareness increased with each additional manifested clinical marker of CKD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.3, P = 0.05). Nonetheless, 90% of individuals with two to four markers of CKD and 84% of individuals with ≥5 markers of CKD were unaware of their disease.Conclusions
Although individuals who manifest many markers of kidney dysfunction are more likely to be aware of their CKD, their CKD awareness remains low. A better understanding of mechanisms of awareness is required to facilitate earlier detection of CKD and implement therapy to minimize associated complications. 相似文献114.
Alice Kuster Jean-Baptiste Arnoux Magalie Barth Delphine Lamireau Nada Houcinat Cyril Goizet Bérénice Doray Stéphanie Gobin Manuel Schiff Aline Cano Daniel Amsallem Christine Barnerias Boris Chaumette Marion Plaze Abdelhamid Slama Christine Ioos Isabelle Desguerre Anne-Sophie Lebre Pascale de Lonlay Laurence Christa Individual contributors who contributed to this work 《Journal of inherited metabolic disease》2018,41(1):129-139
Background and aim
To improve the diagnostic work-up of patients with diverse neurological diseases, we have elaborated specific clinical and CSF neurotransmitter patterns.Methods
Neurotransmitter determinations in CSF from 1200 patients revealed abnormal values in 228 (19%) cases. In 54/228 (24%) patients, a final diagnosis was identified.Results
We have reported primary (30/54, 56%) and secondary (24/54, 44%) monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. For primary deficiencies, the most frequently mutated gene was DDC (n = 9), and the others included PAH with neuropsychiatric features (n = 4), PTS (n = 5), QDPR (n = 3), SR (n = 1), and TH (n = 1). We have also identified mutations in SLC6A3, FOXG1 (n = 1 of each), MTHFR (n = 3), FOLR1, and MTHFD (n = 1 of each), for dopamine transporter, neuronal development, and folate metabolism disorders, respectively. For secondary deficiencies, we have identified POLG (n = 3), ACSF3 (n = 1), NFU1, and SDHD (n = 1 of each), playing a role in mitochondrial function. Other mutated genes included: ADAR, RNASEH2B, RNASET2, SLC7A2-IT1 A/B lncRNA, and EXOSC3 involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic metabolism; RanBP2 and CASK implicated in post-traductional and scaffolding modifications; SLC6A19 regulating amino acid transport; MTM1, KCNQ2 (n = 2), and ATP1A3 playing a role in nerve cell electrophysiological state. Chromosome abnormalities, del(8)(p23)/dup(12) (p23) (n = 1), del(6)(q21) (n = 1), dup(17)(p13.3) (n = 1), and non-genetic etiologies (n = 3) were also identified.Conclusion
We have classified the final 54 diagnoses in 11 distinctive biochemical profiles and described them through 20 clinical features. To identify the specific molecular cause of abnormal NT profiles, (targeted) genomics might be used, to improve diagnosis and allow early treatment of complex and rare neurological genetic diseases.115.
Increased extracellular matrix density decreases MCF10A breast cell acinus formation in 3D culture conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Amanda Lance Chih‐Chao Yang Muthulekha Swamydas Delphine Dean Sandy Deitch Karen J. L. Burg Didier Dréau 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2016,10(1):71-80
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to the generation and dynamic of normal breast tissue, in particular to the generation of polarized acinar and ductal structures. In vitro 3D culture conditions, including variations in the composition of the ECM, have been shown to directly influence the formation and organization of acinus‐like and duct‐like structures. Furthermore, the density of the ECM appears to also play a role in the normal mammary tissue and tumour formation. Here we show that the density of the ECM directly influences the number, organization and function of breast acini. Briefly, non‐malignant human breast MCF10A cells were incubated in increasing densities of a Matrigel®–collagen I matrix. Elastic moduli near and distant to the acinus structures were measured by atomic force microscopy, and the number of acinus structures was determined. Immunochemistry was used to investigate the expression levels of E‐cadherin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase‐14 and ß‐casein in MCF10A cells. The modulus of the ECM was significantly increased near the acinus structures and the number of acinus structures decreased with the increase in Matrigel–collagen I density. As evaluated by the expression of laminin, the organization of the acinus structures present was altered as the density of the ECM increased. Increases in both E‐cadherin and MMP14 expression by MCF10A cells as ECM density increased were also observed. In contrast, MCF10A cells expressed lower ß‐casein levels as the ECM density increased. Taken together, these observations highlight the key role of ECM density in modulating the number, organization and function of breast acini. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
116.
Human dendritic cells following Aspergillus fumigatus infection express the CCR7 receptor and a differential pattern of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23, and IL-27 cytokines, which lead to a Th1 response 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Gafa V Lande R Gagliardi MC Severa M Giacomini E Remoli ME Nisini R Ramoni C Di Francesco P Aldebert D Grillot R Coccia EM 《Infection and immunity》2006,74(3):1480-1489
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen and causes fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Given the essential role of dendritic cells (DC) in initiating and regulating immune responses, we investigated the impact of A. fumigatus conidial infection on human DC. A. fumigatus conidia were rapidly internalized and induced the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha within the first 8 h. After A. fumigatus infection, the majority of DC underwent full maturation, although CCR7 expression was observed only in DC that had internalized the conidia. Additionally, the analysis of regulatory cytokines showed that infected DC simultaneously produced interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) and significant amounts of IL-10. IL-10 neutralization was not able to further increase IL-12p70 production from infected DC. Whereas the central role of IL-12 in the generation of Th1 cells has long been appreciated, recently two other members of the IL-12 family, IL-23 and IL-27, were reported to play important roles in the regulation of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production from na?ve and memory T cells. A. fumigatus-infected DC were also able to express high levels of IL-23p19 and low levels of IL-27p28 at later stages of infection. According to this expression pattern, A. fumigatus-infected DC were able to prime IFN-gamma production of na?ve T cells. Thus, this study on the expression of the new IL-12 family members controlling the Th1 response sheds light on a novel aspect of the contribution of DC to anti-Aspergillus immunity. 相似文献
117.
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is abnormal accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins in the brain. There is an associated immunological response, but it is still unclear whether this is beneficial or harmful. Inflammation in AD, specifically in the form of microglial activation, has, for many years, been considered to contribute to disease progression. However, two types of evidence suggest that it may be appropriate to revise this view: first, the disappointing results of prospective clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents and, second, the observation that microglia can clear plaques in AD following Aβ immunization. Although Aβ immunization alters AD pathology, there is limited evidence so far of benefit to cognitive function. Immunization against microorganisms is almost always used as a method of disease prevention rather than to treat a disease process that has already started. In animal models, immunotherapy at an early age can protect against Aβ accumulation and it will be interesting to see if this can usefully be applied to humans to prevent AD. 相似文献
118.
Delphine Tuot Suzanne Gibson Aaron B. Caughey Lynda A. Frassetto 《International urology and nephrology》2010,42(1):233-237
Pregnancy in chronic dialysis patients is unusual and associated with many complications. Infants are often born both prematurely
and small for gestational age. We report a case of a 36-year-old diabetic hemodialysis patient G4P3 who had prolonged hyperemesis
gravidarum, for whom intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) was started at week 14 and continued throughout her pregnancy.
She delivered a 3.5-kg baby girl at the 36th week of gestation by cesarean section. We discuss the use of IDPN as adjunct
therapy for pregnant dialysis patients. 相似文献
119.
Sébastien Boutry Delphine Forge Carmen Burtea Isabelle Mahieu Oltea Murariu Sophie Laurent Luce Vander Elst Robert N. Muller 《CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING》2009,4(6):299-304
Iron oxide (nano)particles are powerful contrast agents for MRI and tags for magnetic cellular labeling. The need for quantitative methods to evaluate the iron content of contrast media solutions and biological matrixes is thus obvious. Several convenient methods aiming at the quantification of iron from iron oxide nanoparticle‐containing samples are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
120.
RATIONALE: There is evidence that serotonergic mechanisms contribute to the functional profiles of antipsychotic drugs, several of which display affinity for human (h)5-HT(1A) receptors. OBJECTIVE: Here, we compared the interaction of several antipsychotic agents at h5-HT(1A) receptors employing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), an intracellular marker. METHODS: The influence of antipsychotics on MAPK phosphorylation was quantified in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with h5-HT(1A) receptors by use of a highly selective antibody. RESULTS: The novel antipsychotic agent, S16924, concentration-dependently (pEC(50), 8.10) stimulated the phosphorylation of MAPK. Its maximal effect (96%) was similar to that of the prototypical 5-HT(1A) agonist, (+)8-OH-DPAT (pEC(50), 8.54) (defined as 100%). The selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100,635, which was inactive alone, abolished stimulation of MAPK by S16924 with a pK(b) of 9.66. This stimulatory influence of S16924 on MAPK was potently mimicked by the benzoisoxazole, antipsychotic ziprasidone (pEC(50), 7.25; 93%). The atypical antipsychotic clozapine also activated MAPK, albeit with lower potency and efficacy (pEC(50), 5.43 and 43%). These actions of ziprasidone and clozapine were also blocked by WAY100,635. Evaluated at a single, high concentration, several other antipsychotics stimulated MAPK phosphorylation with variable efficacy: quetiapine (75%), ocaperidone (74%), tiospirone (57%), olanzapine (54%) and risperidone (21%). In all cases, their actions were abolished by WAY100,635. In contrast, haloperidol, thioridazine and sertindole did not stimulate MAPK. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics display contrasting efficacies in modulating MAPK phosphorylation at h5-HT(1A) receptors, ranging from high (e.g. S16924 and ziprasidone), via intermediate (e.g. clozapine) to low (e.g. haloperidol). Differential modulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor-coupled MAPK may contribute to their contrasting functional profiles. 相似文献