全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5541篇 |
免费 | 369篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 37篇 |
儿科学 | 195篇 |
妇产科学 | 133篇 |
基础医学 | 617篇 |
口腔科学 | 35篇 |
临床医学 | 1002篇 |
内科学 | 1021篇 |
皮肤病学 | 166篇 |
神经病学 | 582篇 |
特种医学 | 91篇 |
外科学 | 579篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
一般理论 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 661篇 |
眼科学 | 100篇 |
药学 | 286篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 355篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 191篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 169篇 |
2018年 | 197篇 |
2017年 | 134篇 |
2016年 | 156篇 |
2015年 | 155篇 |
2014年 | 215篇 |
2013年 | 341篇 |
2012年 | 433篇 |
2011年 | 444篇 |
2010年 | 229篇 |
2009年 | 223篇 |
2008年 | 349篇 |
2007年 | 372篇 |
2006年 | 353篇 |
2005年 | 379篇 |
2004年 | 340篇 |
2003年 | 325篇 |
2002年 | 265篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有5931条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
LaGrone D 《Convulsive therapy》1990,6(2):176-180
While ECT has been established as a safe treatment during pregnancy, this case report finds it useful in a patient with sickle cell anemia and mania. Treatment was uneventful and relieved mania occurring secondary to a sickle cell crisis. 相似文献
62.
Harry T. Whelan Lucy H. Kras Kutlan Ozker Dawn Bajic Meic H. Schmidt Yu Liu Lisa Ann Trembath Fusun Uzum Glenn A. Meyer Annette D. Segura B. David Collier 《Journal of neuro-oncology》1994,22(1):7-13
The use of PHOTOFRIN for photodynamic therapy of human gliomas has been studied by i.v. administration and laser photosensitization. Defining the uptake of PHOTOFRIN in the patient's tumor in comparison with the surrounding normal brain tissue is highly desirable for patient selection and study ofin vivo kinetics. We utilized a non-invasive approach to the detection of PHOTOFRIN uptake in brain tumors with111In-oxine radiolabeled PHOTOFRIN and external imaging and quantitation using a gamma camera. Biodistribution of111In-labeled PHOTOFRIN in 13 organs was determined in four dogs and 15 mice with gliomas.99mTc-DTPA was used as a control for nonspecific uptake. The greatest concentration of111In-PHOTOFRIN in the brain tumor occurred at 24 hours post i.v. administration. The brain tumor PHOTOFRIN uptake was seven times greater than that of normal brain. The decreased blood background at 72 hours made this the optimum time for imaging. Specific tumor tissue uptake of111In-PHOTOFRIN occurred, well beyond that resulting from blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown. 相似文献
63.
Kanwar AJ Dawn G Dhar S 《Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology》1996,62(4):213-219
A disorder of hyperpigmentation is described which is seen commonly in middle aged individuals. Face and neck including upper part of the trunk are mostly affected. The lesions are usually bilaterally symmetrical and occur in a localized or generalized distribution. Oral mucosa is infrequently involved. The colour of pigmentation varies from grey, blue and brown to black and it persists for years. None of the patients had any features of lichen planus. Histopathology reveals varying rates of lichenoid tissue reactions. We have tentatively designated this disorder as lichen dyschromicum perstans. Its relationship with other similar disorders is discussed. 相似文献
64.
65.
Roland L Chu Dawn E Post Fadlo R Khuri Erwin G Van Meir 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(16):5299-5312
Oncolytic virotherapy is the use of genetically engineered viruses that specifically target and destroy tumor cells via their cytolytic replication cycle. Viral-mediated tumor destruction is propagated through infection of nearby tumor cells by the newly released progeny. Each cycle should amplify the number of oncolytic viruses available for infection. Our understanding of the life cycles of cytolytic viruses has allowed manipulation of their genome to selectively kill tumor cells over normal tissue. Because the mechanism of tumor destruction is different, oncolytic virotherapy should work synergistically with current modes of treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This article focuses on oncolytic adenoviruses that have been created and tested in preclinical and clinical trials in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and gene therapy. 相似文献
66.
Corrie Lynn Messerer Euan C Ramsay Dawn Waterhouse Rebecca Ng Eva-Maria Simms Natashia Harasym Paul Tardi Lawrence D Mayer Marcel B Bally 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(19):6638-6649
PURPOSE: The purpose is to demonstrate whether an appropriately designed liposomal formulation of irinotecan is effective in treating mice with liver-localized colorectal carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Irinotecan was encapsulated in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (55:45 molar ratio) liposomes using an ionophore (A23187)-generated transmembrane proton gradient. This formulation was evaluated in vivo by measuring plasma elimination of liposomal lipid and drug after i.v. administration. Therapeutic activity was determined in SCID/Rag-2M mice bearing s.c. LS180 tumors or orthotopic LS174T colorectal metastases. RESULTS: Drug elimination from the plasma was significantly reduced when irinotecan was administered in the liposomal formulation. At 1 hour after i.v. administration, circulating levels of the liposomal drug were 100-fold greater than that of irinotecan given at the same dose. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma samples indicated that liposomal irinotecan was protected from inactivating hydrolysis to the carboxylate form. This formulation exhibited substantially improved therapeutic effects. For the LS180 solid tumor model, it was shown that after a single injection of liposomal irinotecan at 50 mg/kg, the time to progress to a 400-mg tumor was 34 days (as compared with 22 days for animals treated with free drug at an equivalent dose). In the model of colorectal liver metastases (LS174T), a median survival time of 79 days was observed after treatment with liposomal irinotecan (50 mg/kg, given every 4 days for a total of three doses). Saline and free drug treated mice survived for 34 and 53 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate that liposomal encapsulation can substantially enhance the therapeutic activity of irinotecan and emphasize the potential for using liposomal irinotecan to treat liver metastases. 相似文献
67.
Lauren E Abrey Craig H Moskowitz Warren P Mason Michael Crump Douglas Stewart Peter Forsyth Nina Paleologos Denise D Correa Nicole D Anderson Dawn Caron Andrew Zelenetz Stephen D Nimer Lisa M DeAngelis 《Journal of clinical oncology》2003,21(22):4151-4156
PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of intensive methotrexate-based chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients received induction chemotherapy using high-dose systemic methotrexate (3.5 g/m2) and cytarabine (3 g/m2 daily for 2 days). Fourteen patients with chemosensitive disease evident on neuroimaging then received high-dose therapy using carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan with autologous stem-cell rescue. RESULTS: The objective response rate to the induction-phase chemotherapy was 57%, and median overall survival is not yet assessable, with a median follow-up time of 28 months. The overall median event-free survival time is 5.6 months for all patients and 9.3 months for 14 patients who underwent transplantation. Six of these 14 patients (43%) remained disease-free at last follow-up. Treatment was well tolerated; there was one transplantation-related death. Prospective neuropsychologic evaluations have revealed no evidence of treatment-related neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION: This treatment approach is feasible in patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL without evidence of significant related neurotoxicity. Although the transplantation results are similar to those achieved in patients with aggressive or poor-prognosis systemic lymphoma, the low response rate to induction chemotherapy and the significant number of patients who experienced relapse soon after HDT suggest that more aggressive induction chemotherapy may be warranted. 相似文献
68.
Chandradhar Dwivedi Xiangming Guan Wendy L Harmsen Alison L Voss Dawn E Goetz-Parten Erin M Koopman Kelly M Johnson Hima B Valluri Duane P Matthees 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2003,12(2):151-156
Studies from our laboratory have indicated skin cancer chemopreventive effectsof sandalwood oil in CD-1 mice. The purpose of this investigation was to study the skin cancer chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol, a principal component of sandalwood oil in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. alpha-Santalol was isolated from sandalwood oil by distillation under vacuum and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol were determined during initiation and promotion phase in female CD-1 and SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis was initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The effects of alpha-santalol treatment on TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and (3)H-thymidine incorporation in epidermal DNA of CD-1 and SENCAR mice were also investigated. alpha-Santalol treatment during promotion phase delayed the papilloma development by 2 weeks in both CD-1 and SENCAR strains of mice. alpha-Santalol treatment during promotion phase significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the papilloma incidence and multiplicity when compared with control and treatment during initiation phase during 20 weeks of promotion in both CD-1 and SENCAR strains of mice. alpha-Santalol treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition in TPA-induced ODC activity and incorporation of (3)H-thymidine in DNA in the epidermis of both strains of mice. alpha-Santalol significantly prevents papilloma development during promotion phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-TPA carcinogenesis protocol in both CD-1 and SENCAR mice, possibly by inhibiting TPA-induced ODC activity and DNA synthesis. alpha-Santalol could be an effective chemopreventive agent for skin cancer. Additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of alpha-santalol in skin cancer. 相似文献
69.
Fatal shoulder dystocia: a review of 56 cases reported to the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter Hope Paediatrician Sue Breslin Senior Midwife Linda Lamont Lay Member of CESD † Alexandra Lucas Community Midwife †† Denis Martin Obstetrician ‡ Isabella Moore Paediatric Pathologist ‡‡ James Pearson Reader § Dawn Saunders Midwife §§ Ralph Settatree Obstetrician & Director CESD §§ 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1998,105(12):1256-1261
Objective To use information collected by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy to help obstetric, midwifery and paediatric practice in the management of shoulder dystocia.
Design Review of casenotes by a multidisciplinary focus group.
Sample All 56 cases reported to the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1994 and 1995, where stillbirth or neonatal death was attributed to shoulder dystocia.
Main outcome measures Case notes were reviewed with respect to a range of perinatal variables. Comparisons were made with normative data from other studies when appropriate.
Results Maternal obesity and big babies were over-represented in pregnancies complicated by fatal shoulder dystocia. Fetal compromise was recorded in 26% of labours. The median time interval between delivery of the head and the rest of the body was only five minutes. The lead professional at the time the head was delivered was a midwife in 65% of cases. Middle grade or senior obstetric staff were supervising 47% of cases by the time the body was delivered.
Conclusions Antenatal prediction of shoulder dystocia is imprecise, and the majority of deliveries are attended by midwives. A relatively brief delay in delivery of the shoulders may be associated with a fatal outcome. 相似文献
Design Review of casenotes by a multidisciplinary focus group.
Sample All 56 cases reported to the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1994 and 1995, where stillbirth or neonatal death was attributed to shoulder dystocia.
Main outcome measures Case notes were reviewed with respect to a range of perinatal variables. Comparisons were made with normative data from other studies when appropriate.
Results Maternal obesity and big babies were over-represented in pregnancies complicated by fatal shoulder dystocia. Fetal compromise was recorded in 26% of labours. The median time interval between delivery of the head and the rest of the body was only five minutes. The lead professional at the time the head was delivered was a midwife in 65% of cases. Middle grade or senior obstetric staff were supervising 47% of cases by the time the body was delivered.
Conclusions Antenatal prediction of shoulder dystocia is imprecise, and the majority of deliveries are attended by midwives. A relatively brief delay in delivery of the shoulders may be associated with a fatal outcome. 相似文献
70.
Evidence is presented that bone marrow (BM) in addition to CD45(positive) hematopoietic stem cells contains a rare population of heterogenous CD45(negative) nonhematopoietic tissue committed stem cells (TCSC). These nonhematopoietic TCSC (i) are enriched in population of CXCR4(+) CD34(+) AC133(+) lin(-) CD45(-) and CXCR4(+) Sca-1(+) lin(-) CD45(-) in humans and mice, respectively, (ii) display several markers of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) and (iii) as we envision are deposited in BM early in development. Thus, since BM contains versatile nonhematopoietic stem cells, previous studies on plasticity trans-dedifferentiation of BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that did not include proper controls to exclude this possibility could lead to wrong interpretations. Therefore, in this spotlight review we present this alternative explanation of 'plasticity' of BM-derived stem cells based on the assumption that BM stem cells are heterogenous. We also discuss a potential relationship of TCSC/PSC identified by us with other BM-derived CD45(negative) nonhematopoietic stem cells that were recently identified by other investigators (eg MSC, MAPC, USSC and MIAMI cells). Finally, we discuss perspectives and pitfalls in potential application of these cells in regenerative medicine. 相似文献