Treatment of complications of pylorus preserving stomach resection

Causes of unsatisfactory outcomes of pylorus preserving stomach resection are analyzed, method of prophylaxis and surgical correction is proposed. Pylorus preserving stomach resection was performed in 207 patients with chronic gastric ulcer. 2 groups of patients were compared: 166 patients who have undergone pylorus preserving stomach resection by Maky--Gorobashko (group 1); 41 patients operated according to an original method of suprapyloric stomach resection with preserving of distal Latarget nerves on serous-muscular flap formed from lesser curvature of the stomach (group 2). Of 122 examined patients of group 1 excellent and good long-term results according to Visick's criteria were achieved in 101 (82.79%), satisfactory--in 12 (9.84%), unsatisfactory--in 9 (7.37%). Bad stump evacuation due to a stable spasm of the denervated pylorus and hypokinesia of the stump were the main causes of unsatisfactory results. In group 2-39 of 41 patients were examined in long-term period. Excellent and good results were achieved in 38 patients, satisfactory--in 1. There were no unsatisfactory results.     

Phosphate measurements during hypokinesia and phosphate supplements in disclosing phosphate changes in hypokinetic subjects

BACKGROUND: Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces significant phosphate (P) change, however, little is known about P retention and P depletion during hypokinesia (HK). Measuring P retention and P balance during HK and P supplementation, the objective of this work was to disclose whether HK could contribute to the decreased P retention and consequently to P depletion in normal subjects. METHODS: Studies were done during 30 days pre-HK period and 364 days HK period. Forty normal male individuals aged, 25.3+/-6.4 years were chosen as subjects. They were divided equally into 4 groups: unsupplemented active control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented active control subjects (SACS) and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). Hypokinetic subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.5 km day-l, while active control subjects were kept on an average running distance of 9.6 km day-l. Both, SHKS and SACS received daily 14 mmol dicalcium phosphate per kg body weight. RESULTS: Negative P balance, fecal P, urinary calcium (Ca) and P excretion, serum P and total (Cat) level increased significantly (p<0.05) while P retention, serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH)2 D3) and thyrocalcitonin (TC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in SHKS and UHKS compared with their pre-HK values and their respective active controls (SACS and UACS). However, negative P balance, P retention incapacity, serum, fecal and urinary P level increased significantly (p<0.05) more in SHKS compared with UHKS. Fecal P loss, urinary P and Ca loss, serum P and Cat level, iPTH, TC and 1,25 (OH)2 D3 level, P retention and P balance change insignificantly (p>0.05) in SACS and UACS compared with their pre-HK level. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that a significant P excretion in urine and feces in spite of negative P balance and P supplementation may demonstrate reduced P retention, while a significant increase of negative P balance may demonstrate P depletion. Clearly, P intake, regardless of its low or higher dose, was significantly wasted during HK probably due to the decreased ability of the body to retain P.     

Scientific problems and tasks of medical monitoring

Medical monitoring is regarded as a task of detecting and classifying human abnormalities. A computer medical monitor (CMM) is a complex hierarchical system with artificial intellect elements at the top levels of hierarchy. Each level of hierarchy performs a definite task in collecting and processing current information. Based on this approach, the authors put forward tasks of medical diagnostic and prognostic studies by developing the hierarchical network architecture of CMM.     

Bioluminescence assays: effects of quinones and phenols

The influence of a series of quinones and phenols on bacteria bioluminescence systems was investigated. Three bioluminescence systems used in ecological monitoring were compared: (1) water-soluble; (2) immobilized in starch gel coupled enzyme systems: NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase; (3) luminescent bacteria. Bioluminescence inhibition constants of quinones and phenols and bioluminescence induction periods were compared. These kinetic parameters are proportional to quinone concentrations and depend on the quinone redox potential. Different effects of the substances are related to structure and properties of the bioluminescence systems. The set of bioluminescence assays for quinones and phenols monitoring should include two bioluminescence systems: 1 (or 2) and 3.     

Pedicled bone flap formation using transplanted bone marrow stromal cells

HYPOTHESIS: Transplanted osteoprogenitor cells derived from cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can be used to fabricate pedicled bone flaps. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized experimental trials. SETTING: Basic science research laboratory. MATERIALS: Immunodeficient female NIH-Bg-Nu-Xid mice, aged 3 months. INTERVENTION: The BMSCs were harvested from the long bones of C57Bl/6 transgenic mice carrying the type Ialpha1 collagen-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene construct; their numbers were expanded in tissue culture. Treated mice received BMSC transplantations around the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, the aorta and its venae comitantes, or the saphenous artery and vein; control mice received a sham transplant in comparable recipient sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mice underwent harvesting from 4 weeks to 2 years after transplantation. Transplants were evaluated via histological, immunohistochemical, and angiographic analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, which formed no bone, 32 of 37 BMSC-containing transplants formed a vascularized bone island that was perfused specifically and solely by its common carotid artery vascular source. Mature transplants consisted of well-developed lamellar, corticocancellous bone whose osteocytes were derived from the grafted BMSCs; hematopoietic tissue derived from the recipient mouse. Transplants formed as early as 4 weeks and remained stable in size as late as 108 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow stromal cells can be used to create vascularized bone flaps in mice; these bone constructs are vascularized by their pedicle and therefore can potentially be transferred to a recipient site using microsurgical techniques. These findings provide proof of principle of an additional clinical application of BMSC transplantation techniques.