保存前后滤除WBC的RBC悬液质量的对比性研究

目的探讨保存前后滤除WBC(滤白)的RBC悬液质量的变化,为临床选择滤白时机提供参考依据。方法对4℃保存5d的悬浮RBC 20袋(每袋2U)用血库型滤器滤白作为保存后滤白组(A组),由血站滤白的少白悬浮RBC 20袋(每袋2U)作为保存前滤白组(B组);分别在第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天和第35天测定两组血细胞指标、炎性细胞因子水平。结果 B组血浆游离血红蛋白(FHb)在第14天明显升高,K+浓度在21d显著升高,且二者浓度随保存时间的延长而增加(P<0.05);A组炎性细胞因子(IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α)水平在滤白后第21天时才明显升高,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B两组回收率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保存前后滤白都能达到很好的滤除效果,但不同的滤白贮存方式对血液的质量产生不同的效果,为临床选择不同的滤白RBC提供了实验依据。     

老年人贫血病因学研究进展

人的年龄超过60岁,即步入老年期[1].贫血是老年人群患病率很高的一种疾病.老年人贫血的诊断标准应比中青年相应降低,当血红蛋白＜110g/L时可诊断为贫血[2].国外有研究报道:贫血患病率随着年龄的增加而增高,男性略高于女性,黑人比白人更明显[3].美国65岁及以上老年人贫血患病率分别为男性11.0%、女性10.2%[4].     

LRP-5、LRP-6在溃疡性结肠炎相关癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的:探讨脂蛋白受体相关蛋白5、6(LRP-5、LRP-6)在溃疡性结肠炎(UC)相关癌组织中的表达及意义.方法:以溃疡性结肠炎伴不典型增生(UD)和溃疡性结肠炎相关癌(UCAC)为病例组,溃疡性结肠炎(UC组)和散发性大肠癌(SCRC组)为对照组,应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测各组肠黏膜组织中LRP-5、LRP-6的表...     

滤过手术中丝裂霉素C不同用法的疗效分析

目的 比较青光眼滤过手术中丝裂霉素C（MMC）结膜瓣下与巩膜瓣下两种应用方法的降压效果和并发症的发生情况。方法 132眼接受滤过手术的原发性青光眼随机分为对照组和MMC组，再将应用MMC（0．4mg／ml，3min）的66眼分成结膜瓣下（MMC-A）组和巩膜瓣下（MMC-B）组。观察1年内3组患者手术后的眼压、视力和手术并发症。结果 MMC组与对照组相比眼压下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），功能性滤过泡形成率71．21％，手术成功率达75．76％，而两组手术并发症无显著性差异。MMC两组病人的降压效果和并发症的差异无统计学意义。结论 MMC作为滤过性手术辅助药物，可增加手术成功率，而且无严重并发症。MMC放置在结膜瓣下和巩膜瓣下效果相似，但放置在结膜瓣下可能会减少对眼内组织的毒性。     

Contact-dependent carcinoma aggregate dispersion by M2a macrophages via ICAM-1 and β2 integrin interactions

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can constitute up to 50% of the tumor mass and have strong implications in tumor progression and metastasis. Macrophages are plastic and can polarize to various subtypes that differ in terms of surface receptor expression as well as cytokine and chemokine production and effector function. Conventionally, macrophages are grouped into two major subtypes: the classically activated M1 macrophages and the alternatively activated M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, promote T helper (Th) 1 responses, and show tumoricidal activity, whereas M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. Herein, we present a microfluidic system integrating tumor cell aggregates and subtypes of human monocyte-derived macrophages in a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold, in close co-culture with an endothelial monolayer to create an in vitro tumor microenvironment. This platform was utilized to study the role of individual subtypes of macrophages (M0, M1, M2a, M2b and M2c) in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) aggregate dispersion, as a representation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A significant difference was observed when M2a macrophages were in direct contact with or separated from A549 aggregates, suggesting a possible mechanism for proximity-induced, contact-dependent dissemination via ICAM-1 and integrin β2 interactions. Indeed, M2a macrophages tended to infiltrate and release cells from carcinoma cell aggregates. These findings may help in the development of immunotherapies based on enhancing the tumor-suppressive properties of TAMs.     

Combined Therapy With GABA and Proinsulin/Alum Acts Synergistically to Restore Long-term Normoglycemia by Modulating T-Cell Autoimmunity and Promoting β-Cell Replication in Newly Diabetic NOD Mice

Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) fail to restore normoglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice, perhaps because too few β-cells remain by the time that ABT-induced regulatory responses arise and spread. We hypothesized that combining a fast-acting anti-inflammatory agent with an ABT could limit pathogenic responses while ABT-induced regulatory responses arose and spread. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration can inhibit inflammation, enhance regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses, and promote β-cell replication in mice. We examined the effect of combining a prototypic ABT, proinsulin/alum, with GABA treatment in newly diabetic NOD mice. Proinsulin/alum monotherapy failed to correct hyperglycemia, while GABA monotherapy restored normoglycemia for a short period. Combined treatment restored normoglycemia in the long term with apparent permanent remission in some mice. Proinsulin/alum monotherapy induced interleukin (IL)-4– and IL-10–secreting T-cell responses that spread to other β-cell autoantigens. GABA monotherapy induced moderate IL-10 (but not IL-4) responses to β-cell autoantigens. Combined treatment synergistically reduced spontaneous type 1 T-helper cell responses to autoantigens, ABT-induced IL-4 and humoral responses, and insulitis, but enhanced IL-10 and Treg responses and promoted β-cell replication in the islets. Thus, combining ABT with GABA can inhibit pathogenic T-cell responses, induce Treg responses, promote β-cell replication, and effectively restore normoglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice. Since these treatments appear safe for humans, they hold promise for type 1 diabetes intervention.     

Revised and updated nomenclature for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses

The divergence of the hemagglutinin gene of A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996‐lineage H5N1 viruses during 2011 and 2012 (807 new sequences collected through December 31, 2012) was analyzed by phylogenetic and p‐distance methods to define new clades using the pre‐established nomenclature system. Eight new clade designations were recommended based on division of clade 1·1 (Mekong River Delta), 2·1·3·2 (Indonesia), 2·2·2 (India/Bangladesh), 2·2·1·1 (Egypt/Israel), and 2·3·2·1 (Asia). A simplification to the previously defined criteria, which adds a letter rather than number to the right‐most digit of fifth‐order clades, was proposed to facilitate this and future updates.