基于图像的微阵列生物芯片分析

利用生物芯片的高通量特性，系统地研究生物体基因和蛋白质表达及其相互作用，在最近十几年迅速发展。以图像为基础的生物芯片分析是生物芯片技术的重要组成部分，对其方法进行研究已成为当前的热点之一。目前很多针对生物芯片的分析方法不断涌现，这些方法涉及网格定位、靶点分割、数据提取和表达、几何校正、噪声消除等生物芯片分析子过程。本研究对以上各类分析方法进行了综述，分析了各类方法的不同应用，比较了多种算法的分析结果，并提出当前在生物芯片分析研究领域需要解决的关键问题。     

幽门螺杆菌UreB-Omp11融合蛋白的重组疫苗候选株构建和融合蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫学活性

目的:构建幽门螺杆菌(Hp)UreB-Omp11融合蛋白的重组疫苗候选株,在大肠杆菌中表达UreB-Omp11融合蛋白,并检测其免疫学活性。方法:用PCR方法扩增郑州分离Hp菌株MEL-HP27的ureB和omp11基因并用重叠延伸PCR法获得ureB-omp11融合基因,将融合基因ureB-omp11插入原核表达载体pET30a( )、pET28a( )及pMAL-c2X中,筛选出合适的表达系统并进行融合蛋白的表达,采用Western blot对表达产物进行鉴定,并用Amylose亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白,应用SDS-PAGE方法对纯化产物进行分析,纯化的融合蛋白辅以免疫佐剂皮下免疫小鼠,Western blot对免疫小鼠血清进行检测。结果:特异PCR法、酶切鉴定并经测序分析后证实融合基因ureB-omp11克隆入表达载体pET30a( )、pET28a( )与pMAL-c2X中;重组菌TB1(pMAL-ureB-omp11)经诱导获得了高效表达的MBP-UreB-Omp11融合蛋白,该融合蛋白可以被Hp免疫小鼠血清和Hp阳性患者血清中的相应抗体所识别,纯化后的融合蛋白纯度达90%以上。通过大肠杆菌抗原吸收法纯化免疫小鼠血清后,与纯化的融合蛋白进行杂交,结果显示在Mr134000处出现特异杂交带,融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和免疫反应性。结论:成功地构建并筛选出了HpMELHP27融合蛋白UreB-Omp11的重组疫苗候选株TB1(pMAL-ureB-omp11),为Hp蛋白质疫苗和核酸疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Egr-1基因剔除减少炎性相关因子在实验性胰腺炎中的表达

目的：探讨Egr-1基因剔除对实验性胰腺炎小鼠胰腺组织中炎性相关因子表达的影响。 〖HTH〗方法：利用Egr-1基因剔除小鼠，采用大剂量雨蛙素诱导的实验性胰腺炎模型，观察Egr-1基因剔除后，胰腺组织水肿、MPO水平、血清淀粉酶水平、肺组织MPO水平的改变。并利用定量PCR的方法，检测胰腺组织中炎症相关因子组织因子（TF）、纤维蛋白溶酶原激活因子抑制因子（PAI-1）、单核细胞趋化吸引蛋白1（MCP-1）、Gro-1、IL-6和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1） mRNA的表达。 〖HTH〗结果：Egr-1基因剔除小鼠胰腺组织水肿明显轻于野生型，但组织MPO水平与血清淀粉酶与野生型组间相比无明显差异；肺组织MPO水平明显低于野生型。定量PCR检测结果表明， Egr-1基因剔除组，胰腺组织中TF、PAI-1，以及MCP-1、ICAM-1和IL-6　mRNA的表达，明显少于野生型组。 〖HTH〗结论：Egr-1基因剔除可明显减轻急性胰腺炎的严重程度，其作用可能通过减少胰腺组织中TF、PAI-1，以及MCP-1、ICAM-1和IL-6的表达而实现。     

重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂预防治疗恒河猴感染SARS-CoV的试验研究

目的评价重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂对恒河猴感染SARS-CoV的预防治疗作用。方法采用鼻腔喷雾法(剂量为60万单位/鼻孔)研究了重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂对感染SARS-CoV的恒河猴预防治疗效果。结果试验组(5只)和对照组(5只)相同时间检测的咽拭子等标本中,Real-time PCR检测和病毒分离均未检出病毒。攻毒后病毒导致机体产生的中和抗体和IgG抗体的反应也较对照组弱。血液学指标检测结果表明试验组动物攻毒后各项指标较试验前比较没有显著性改变;病理结果显示试验组2只恒河猴肺组织形态基本正常,其余3只猴有肺间质性炎,表现肺间隔增厚、单核样细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,其中1只增厚的肺间隔有局灶相互融合,这3只猴肺部病变与对照组的病变表现相似,且病变累及范围较对照组小;其他各受检脏器均未见明显异常。结论重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂可以有效阻断或减弱SARS-CoV对恒河猴的感染。     

Noninfectious Virus-Like Particle Antigen for Detection of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus Antibodies in Pigs by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

An inactivated SVDV antigen is used in current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antibodies to swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV). To develop a noninfectious recombinant alternative, we produced SVDV-like particles (VLPs) morphologically and antigenically resembling authentic SVDV particles by using a dual baculovirus recombinant, which expresses simultaneously the P1 and 3CD protein genes of SVDV under different promoters. Antigenic differences between recombinant VLPs and SVDV particles were not statistically significant in results obtained with a 5B7-ELISA kit, indicating that the VLPs could be used in the place of SVDV antigen in ELISA kits. We developed a blocking ELISA using the VLPs and SVDV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody 3H10 (VLP-ELISA) for detection of SVDV serum antibodies in pigs. The VLP-ELISA showed a high specificity of 99.9% when tested with pig sera that are negative for SVDV neutralization (n = 1,041). When tested using sera (n = 186) collected periodically from pigs (n = 19) with experimental infection with each of three different strains of SVDV, the VLP-ELISA detected SVDV serum antibodies as early as 3 days postinfection and continued to detect the antibodies from all infected pigs until termination of the experiments (up to 121 days postinfection). This test performance was similar to that of the gold standard virus neutralization test and indicates that the VLP-ELISA is a highly specific and sensitive method for the detection of SVDV serum antibodies in pigs. This is the first report of the production and diagnostic application of recombinant VLPs of SVDV. Further potential uses of the VLPs are discussed.     

Antigenic and immunogenic investigation of B-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Attempts were made to identify and map epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) (Nigeria75/1 strain) using seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and deletion mutants. At least four antigenic domains (A-I, A-II, C-I, and C-II) were identified using the MAbs. Domains A-I (MAb 33-4) and A-II (MAbs 38-4, P-3H12, and P-13A9) were determined to be located on the amino-terminal half (amino acids [aa] 1 to 262), and domains C-I (P-14C6) and C-II (P-9H10 and P-11A6) were within the carboxy-terminal region (aa 448 to 521). Nonreciprocal competition between A-II MAbs and MAbs to C-I and C-II domains was observed, indicating that they may be exposed on the surface of the N protein and spatially overlap each other. Blocking or competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies using PPRV serum antibodies revealed that epitopes on the domains A-II and C-II were immunodominant, whereas those on the domains A-I and C-I were not. The competition between MAb and rinderpest virus (RPV) serum antibodies raised against RPV strain LATC was found in two epitopes (P-3H12 and P-13A9) on the domain A-II, indicating that these epitopes may cause cross-reactivity between PPRV and RPV. Identification of immunodominant but PPRV-specific epitopes and domains will provide the foundation in designing an N-protein-based diagnostic immunoassay for PPRV.     

严重会阴部挫裂伤治疗方案探讨

目的探讨会阴部严重挫裂伤治疗的合理方案，提高治疗质量。方法通过回顾我院收治的18例会阴部严重挫裂伤病例的治疗过程，总结与分析了这类损伤不宜Ⅰ期修复的原因和结肠造瘘术在治疗中的作用。结果本组18例会阴部严重挫裂伤，均在早期清创缝合修复，后因感染，同时并发不同程度、不同范围的皮肤坏死而造成缺损和伤口裂开。均需再次清创、皮瓣转移和植皮予以修复。在此过程中，采用结肠造瘘术来控制创面感染和预防创面继发感染，收到了良好效果。结论严重会阴部挫裂伤创面的早期治疗，特别是污染重、挫伤重、损伤范围大的，均不宜Ⅰ期修复。早期行结肠造瘘术对预防和控制会阴部创面感染能起到重要的作用。     

Characterization of Immunodominant Linear B-Cell Epitopes on the Carboxy Terminus of the Rinderpest Virus Nucleocapsid Protein

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of rinderpest virus (RPV) is one of the most abundant and immunogenic viral proteins expressed during natural or experimental infection. To identify immunogenic epitopes on the N protein, different forms of RPV N protein, including the full-length protein (N_1-525), an amino-terminal construct (N_1-179), and a carboxy-terminal construct (N_414-496), were expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins. The antigenicity of each recombinant protein was evaluated by Western immunoblotting. All recombinants were recognized by hyperimmune RPV bovine antisera, indicating that immunoreactive epitopes may be present at both ends of the N protein. However, GST-N_414-496 was much more antigenic than GST-N_1-179 when tested with sera from vaccinated cattle, suggesting that an immunodominant or highly immunogenic epitope(s) may be located at the carboxy terminus of the N protein. Epitope mapping with overlapping peptides representing different regions of the carboxy terminus (amino acids 415 to 524) revealed three nonoverlapping antigenic sites in regions containing the residues ⁴⁴⁰VPQVRKETRASSR⁴⁵² (site 1), ⁴⁷⁹PEADTDPL⁴⁸⁶ (site 2), and ⁵²⁰DKDLL⁵²⁴ (site 3). Among these, antigenic site 2 showed the strongest reactivity with hyperimmune anti-RPV bovine sera in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but did not react with hyperimmune caprine sera raised against peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, which is antigenically closely related to RPV. Identification of an immunodominant linear antigenic site at the carboxy terminus of the N protein may provide an antigen basis for designing diagnostics specific for RPV.     

流式细胞术检测细胞毒方法的建立

目的：建立一种用流式细胞仪测定细胞介导细胞毒活性的方法。方法：用羧基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记靶细胞，再用碘化丙碇(PI)标记DNA筛选细胞膜已破坏的靶细胞。效靶比为100：1—6．25：1，共孵育时间为1-6小时，流式细胞仪收集1000个靶细胞并测定被杀细胞的百分率。结果：CFSE是合适的标记靶细胞的荧光染料，18小时后也能很好地区分效靶细胞；靶细胞的自然死亡率低于5％；杀伤百分率随着效靶比和共孵育时间的增加而增加。最佳效靶比为50：1—25：1，共孵育时间为2—4小时。结论：CFSE／PI双荧光染料标记的流式细胞分析检测细胞毒具有多个优点：避免放射性试剂的应用，敏感性增强，单细胞水平的分析。     

大鼠腰髓背角星形胶质细胞及神经元对一侧胫、腓骨骨折的反应及其相互关系

目的 研究大鼠脊髓内星形胶质细胞及神经元对一侧胫、腓骨骨折的反应及相互关系。方法 应用细胞免疫组织化学方法，观察脊髓内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、Fos蛋白双标记以及蛋白激酶C(PKC)在左侧胫、腓骨骨折后不同时程的表达变化。结果 1．左侧胫、腓骨骨折后，GFAP阳性反应产物主要分布于同侧腰髓背角的星形胶质细胞胞浆，Fos阳性产物在其胞核也有表达，且以浅层为主，神经元的胞核也有Fos阳性产物；2．Fos—LI神经元与GFAP／Fos-LI星形胶质细胞的分布基本一致，两者关系密切；3．GFAP／Fos—LI星形胶质细胞表达高峰期在骨折后45min，而Fos—LI神经元的表达高峰期在骨折后90min；PKC—LI星形胶质细胞出现及达到高峰的时间比PKC—LI神经元要早。结论 腰髓背角的星形胶质细胞参与了下肢骨折伤害性刺激的应激反应及调节过程，而且Fos—LI、PKC-LI的表达早于神经元，可能主动地影响神经元的活动。