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53.
S. Simpson Prentis K. Atkin D. K. Raynor S. J. Closs 《The International journal of pharmacy practice》2002,10(Z1):R14-R14
“Medicines management” is a poorly defined concept within pharmacy practice and little is known about the understanding of the term by other health professionals Semi‐structured interviews with GPs, practice nurses and community pharmacists showed that they viewed medicines management in relation to specific tasks and activities, their own specialist training and in the context of current health priorities Three main interpretations emerged: medication focused, patient focused and a professional instigated focus An accepted understanding of terms such as like “medicines management” is essential for an effective intra‐ and inter‐professional approach to supporting people and their medicines 相似文献
54.
A C Chan C Raynor C Douglas J Patrick M Boland 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》1986,44(2):278-282
Human platelet lipooxygenase converts arachidonic acid to 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), which is rapidly reduced by peroxidases to 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). This study was conducted to examine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on platelet 12-lipooxygenase activity. Sixteen healthy subjects were supplemented with 400 IU/day of either D-alpha-tocopherol (268 mg) or DL-alpha-tocopherol (364 mg) for 4 wk. Supplements elicited a transitory increase of lipooxygenase activity but a suppression of peroxidase activity, as indicated by increased 12-HETE production and 12-HPETE accumulation. Plasma-tocopherol concentration was double the presupplement value and remained stable during supplementation. Neither age, sex, nor isomeric form of tocopherol supplement significantly influenced the pattern of response. Results show that vitamin E exerts a differential effect on platelet lipooxygenase and peroxidase activities. 相似文献
55.
In vitro and in vivo activities of SCH 56592 (posaconazole), a new triazole antifungal agent, against Aspergillus and Candida 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Cacciapuoti A Loebenberg D Corcoran E Menzel F Moss EL Norris C Michalski M Raynor K Halpern J Mendrick C Arnold B Antonacci B Parmegiani R Yarosh-Tomaine T Miller GH Hare RS 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2000,44(8):2017-2022
SCH 56592 (posaconazole), a new triazole antifungal agent, was tested in vitro, and its activity was compared to that of itraconazole against 39 Aspergillus strains and to that of fluconazole against 275 Candida and 9 Cryptococcus strains. The SCH 56592 MICs for Aspergillus ranged from =0.002 to 0.5 microg/ml, and those of itraconazole ranged from =0.008 to 1 microg/ml. The SCH 56592 MICs for Candida and Cryptococcus strains ranged from =0. 004 to 16 microg/ml, and those of fluconazole ranged from =0.062 to >64 microg/ml. SCH 56592 showed excellent activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus in a pulmonary mouse infection model. When administered therapeutically, the 50% protective doses (PD(50)s) of SCH 56592 ranged from 3.6 to 29.9 mg/kg of body weight, while the PD(50)s of SCH 56592 administered prophylactically ranged from 0.9 to 9.0 mg/kg; itraconazole administered prophylactically was ineffective (PD(50)s, >75 mg/kg). SCH 56592 was also very efficacious against fluconazole-susceptible, -susceptible dose-dependent, or -resistant Candida albicans strains in immunocompetent or immunocompromised mouse models of systemic infection. The PD(50)s of SCH 56592 administered therapeutically ranged from 0.04 to 15.6 mg/kg, while the PD(50)s of SCH 56592 administered prophylactically ranged from 1.5 to 19.4 mg/kg. SCH 56592 has excellent potential for therapy against serious Aspergillus or Candida infections. 相似文献
56.
SUMMARY Compartment syndrome is a devastating condition, with a high morbidity if it goes unrecognised. We describe a case that progressed to muscle ischaemia and crush syndrome in a man undergoing a prolonged bus journey while under the influence of alcohol — an unusual presentation whose outcome is dependent on early recognition. 相似文献
57.
Williams TN; Maitland K; Phelps L; Bennett S; Peto TE; Viji J; Timothy R; Clegg JB; Weatherall DJ; Bowden DK 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(12):751-757
We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children <
10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Malnutrition was categorized using
standard anthropometric criteria as: underweight [weight-for-age (WA) Z
score < -2], wasting [weight-for-height (WH) Z < -2], or stunting
[height-for-age (HA) Z < -2]. On multiple logistic regression analysis,
the only factors significantly associated with wasting were age < 5
years [OR (95% CI) 1.8 (1.2-2.9), p = 0.01] and having suffered one or more
episodes of clinical P. vivax malaria in the 6 months preceding nutritional
assessment [OR 2.4 (1.3-4.4), p = 0.006]. The incidence of P. vivax
infection was significantly higher during the 6 months preceding assessment
in underweight vs. non-underweight children [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.6
(1.5-4.4), p < or = 0.0001). These groups had similar incidences of
clinical P. falciparum infection during the same period [IRR 1.1 (0.57-2.1)
p = 0.8] and of either species during the 6 months following assessment
[IRR P. vivax 1.3 (0.9- 2.0) p = 0.2; IRR P. falciparum 1.3 (0.9-1.9) p =
0.2]. In these children, P. vivax malaria was a major predictor of acute
malnutrition; P. falciparum was not. Wasting neither predisposed to nor
protected against malaria of either species. Although P. vivax malaria is
generally regarded as benign, it may produce considerable global mortality
through malnutrition.
相似文献
58.
Robert H. Raynor David F. Scott Gary K. Best 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1979,16(2):134-140
Six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were compared for their relative susceptibilities to the killing effects of oxacillin. Three of the strains had minimum bactericidal concentrations which were >10 times the minimum bacteriostatic concentration for this antibiotic and were designated tolerant (Tol(+)). The other strains had minimum bactericidal concentrations which were comparable to the minimum bacteriostatic concentration (Tol(-)). Lysis curves of these strains revealed that the Tol(+) strains exhibited a diminished rate of lysis when inhibited by oxacillin. This reduced rate of lysis was reflected also in a reduced rate of viability loss when the cells were exposed to oxacillin. During log growth the uptake of [(14)C]glycerol by Tol(+) cells was 1.5-fold greater than that by Tol(-) cells. Glycerol-labeled cells of each phenotype secreted radioactivity when inhibited by oxacillin. However, the Tol(+) strains released over twice as much label as the Tol(-) strains. No difference in the proportion of lipid secreted by the two phenotypes was found. The behavior of 60 to 65% of the labeled material released by inhibited cells during both sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and Sepharose 6B chromatography corresponded to that of lipoteichoic acid. When the major component of secreted material was added to oxacillin-inhibited Tol(-) strains, an inhibition of the lytic response was observed. These results suggest that oxacillin tolerance in S. aureus could be related to the enhanced secretion of an autolysin inhibitor, such as lipoteichoic acid. 相似文献
59.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with epilepsy or seizure disorders are restricted from donating blood because of concern that they are prone to adverse donor reactions such as syncope and convulsions. A study evaluating whether that concern is warranted is reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 2-year period beginning in 1987, blood donors in Maryland with a history of seizures were actively recruited by the American Red Cross. Adverse donor reactions were classified as "slight", indicating dizziness and nausea without loss of consciousness; "moderate," denoting syncope; and "severe," indicating convulsive syncope. RESULTS: There were 329,143 satisfactory blood donations; 613 individuals reporting a history of seizures donated blood a total of 723 times. Among donors with seizures, 186 (35.7%) were taking antiepileptic medication, and 61 (8.4%) had had one or more seizures in the preceding year. Individuals with seizures had a low incidence of adverse reactions (3.34%). Although this incidence was slightly higher than that in the entire population (2.24%), the difference was not significant. In particular, the risk of syncope with or without convulsive activity was low for people with seizures (0.21%) and not significantly greater than that in other donors (0.28%). CONCLUSION: Individuals with seizures or epilepsy are not at greater risk for adverse reactions after blood donation, and major restrictions on their participation as blood donors are not warranted. 相似文献
60.
J. Snell N. GlasseyS. Westwater-Wood S. MockettK. Raynor 《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》2010