Loss of cables, a novel gene on chromosome 18q, in ovarian cancer.

Cables, a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) interacting protein, has recently been identified and mapped to human chromosome 18q11. Cables appears to be primarily involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. Overexpression of Cables in Hela and other cell lines inhibits cell proliferation and tumor formation. We hypothesize that loss of Cables expression is associated with ovarian cancer. To test our hypothesis, we examined Cables expression in the four most common subtypes of ovarian carcinomas: serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell. In addition, mucinous and serous borderline tumors were also included. Loss of Cables expression was observed at high frequency in ovarian serous (11 of 14 cases, 79%) and endometrioid (5 of 10 cases, 50%) carcinomas. In contrast, strong Cables staining was detected in all clear cell carcinomas (10 cases) and mucinous tumors (5 carcinomas and 5 borderline tumors). The majority of serous borderline tumors (11 of 14 cases, 79%) showed positive Cables staining, with the rest showing focal loss of Cables expression. Furthermore, RT-PCR revealed the lack of Cables mRNA in a human ovarian cancer xenograft. No correlation was noted between loss of Cables and histologic grade, tumor stage, and survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that loss of Cables is common in ovarian serous and endometrioid carcinomas and imply that Cables may be involved in the pathogenesis of these two types of ovarian carcinomas.     

可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂的研究:2-氧化-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷类化合物的合成

本文报道2-氧化-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷类衍生物的合成,希望寻找效果较好的可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂。初步药理实验证明,所合成的大部分化合物具有一定的抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用,且毒性较低。通过对中间体Ⅱ进行质谱分析,发现该类化合物中大部分存在M-57碎片离子峰,利用高分辨质谱和亚稳离子测定,确定了该碎片离子的生成过程。     

Development of specific antibody patterns and clinical symptoms following Ockelbo virus infection

Summary Sixteen patients with symptoms typical for Ockelbo disease (rash, arthralgia, fever) were enrolled in a 2 1/2 year study, during which clinical symptoms were recorded and ELISA was employed to study specific IgM, IgG and IgG subclass development. Initially, all patients presented with rash and arthralgia, and five patients still suffered from joint symptoms at the end of the study period. Ockelbo virus specific IgM was detected during the first week post onset in 6 patients and in 15 patients by day 14. One patient failed to develop specific IgM and was later diagnosed with a human parvovirus B 19 infection. All patients were IgM-negative 2 1/2 years post onset. Seroconversions or significant titer rises for specific total IgG were seen in 15 patients. IgG titers generally peaked within one year but in two patients maximum titers were seen 2 1/2 years post onset. Development of IgG1 followed that of total IgG, while IgG3, after an initial increase in all Ockelbo disease patients, remained at peak levels for one year in four patients, three of whom still had detectable IgG3 at the end of the study period. Ockelbo virus specific IgG2 or IgG4 was not detected in any of the patients.     

Wilson shaft osteotomy for hallux valgus

The results of a modified Wilson shaft osteotomy for hallux valgus in 77 feet of 51 patients were excellent or good in 62 feet after 2 to 4 years. The correction of the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle was excellent or good in 69 feet. The operation is technically simple provided dorsal angulation of the distal fragment is avoided in the early postoperative period.A     

The human carotid atherosclerotic plaque stimulates angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane.

The chick chorioallantoic membrane was used to determine whether the carotid atherosclerotic plaque stimulates angiogenesis. Carotid endarterectomy specimens (1 mm3) with fibromuscular plaque (n = 8) and complicated plaque (n = 11) were implanted on the membrane on day nine of incubation and the response evaluated on day 11. Following fixation in situ with 10% formalin the angiogenic response was evaluated by: (1) examining whole membrane mounts, (2) quantitatively from a vascular density index and (3) from a histological study. Unmanipulated chorioallantoic membrane (n = 11) and plaque boiled prior to implantation (n = 6) served as controls. The vascularity of whole mounts of both fibromuscular and complicated plaque was greater than the controls. Vessel density of the membrane was estimated by counting the number of vessels intersecting four concentric circles (144.5 mm total circumference) placed on the formalin fixed membrane. The vascular density index due to the fibromuscular plaque (390.6 +/- 8.3) and complicated plaque (391.0 +/- 14.9) were similar (P greater than 0.9) but were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than the unmanipulated membrane (327.9 +/- 5.6) or after treatment with the boiled plaque (283.8 +/- 15.6). Transforming growth factor beta 1 confirmed the validity of the experimental model to study angiogenesis. The histology of the chorioallantoic membrane due to either type of plaque was similar. Numerous vessels surrounded the plaque, and intraplaque vessels containing nucleated chick erythrocytes were observed. Although scattered vessels surrounded the boiled plaque, intraplaque vessels were not observed. This study demonstrates that the atherosclerotic plaque has angiogenic properties that may account for the increase in vasa vasorum that is associated with the plaque.     

Human spumaretrovirus antibody reactivity in multiple sclerosis

The role of human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) infections in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated with recombinant HSRV env-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of HSRV antibodies was determined in pairs of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 60 MS patients. In 7 of these patients serial serum and CSF samples were obtained in relation to the clinical activity of the disease during a period of 2 years. No increased antibody reactivity was demonstrable in the MS population compared with 14 aseptic meningitis patients, 50 blood donors and 16 healthy controls. Slightly elevated levels of antibodies were demonstrable in serum and/or CSF in 4 MS patients but also in 1 patient with aseptic meningitis, 1 blood donor and 1 child. No marked serum or CSF HSRV antibody fluctuation was observed in the MS patients followed longitudinally. Thus, this study does not support the involvement of HSRV in the pathogenesis of MS.     

Increase of lipid fluidity and suppression of proliferation resulting from liposome uptake by human keratinocytes in vitro

The in vitro effects of liposomes on HaCaT human keratinocytes were studied with regard to their uptake, lipid fluidity and proliferation of the cells. Oligolamellar liposomes, prepared from soya bean phospholipids, had a mean size of 150 mm and consisted predominantly of phosphatidylcholine (83%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (10%) and the fatty acids comprised mainly linoleic acid (66%) or other unsaturated fatty acids. After 6 and 24 h of incubation with 1 and 0.1% w/v of liposomal lipids, phase-contrast microscopy revealed marked cytoplasmic vacuolization of the cells. Keratinocytes treated with the liposomes contained aggregations of multilaminated lipid material without delimiting cell membranes. The cellular lipid fluidity (reciprocal of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization P-value) correlated with liposomal concentration and incubation time. A significant elevation of lipid fluidity (P less than 0.05) was observed with 1 and 0.1% liposomes after 1 h of incubation (81.8 +/- 4.7 and 95.7 +/- 1.2% of control P value) and for 0.01% liposomes after 3 h (96.2 +/- 1.5%). Maximum fluidity occurred after 48 h of exposure to 1% liposomes (42.1 +/- 3.1%). Exposure to liposomal lipids for 24 and 48 h resulted in suppressed cell proliferation with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50), being 0.06% for incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. 0.08% for [14C]-amino-acid incorporation and greater than 1% for protein content per well after 24 h of exposure. The cells were able to proliferate and lipid fluidity returned to normal within 7 days following discontinuation of incubation with liposomal lipids.     

Diagnosis of scaphoid fractures:A prospective multicenter study of 1,052 patients with 160 fractures

In a prospective multicenter study of 1,052 patients with clinical signs of a scaphoid fracture, mammo-graphic films and fine intensifying screens were used at the radiographic examination. 5 standardized projections including 3 special projections focused on the scaphoid were taken. 150 fractures were diagnosed at the first examination but in 10 cases the fracture was first diagnosed at a second radiographic examination after 10-14 days.

The second examination still seems mandatory despite the use of high quality radiographs with optimal spatial resolution and contrast, and the value of supplementary special projections.