The altering in sensory sensitivity: a current issue of female breast surgery

Breast surgery is an important treatment for women with malignant breast diseases. In addition to breast appearance, the integrity of breast function is increasing in patients with breast diseases. As the basis of breast physiological function, breast skin sensitivity is important to the quality of life of patients after surgery. Breast skin sensitivity gives the patient a “real” breast feeling. The sensory recovery after breast surgery has also become one of the important goals of breast surgery. In this review, we aim to discuss the research progress on recovery of breast skin sensitivity after different treatment modalities for breast disease.     

Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic‐ischemic white matter damage

AimWhite matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated.MethodsWe identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments.ResultsIn paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7.ConclusionCaffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.     

中国非综合征遗传性聋人群GJB6基因突变分析

目的：研究GJB6基因[连接蛋白30（Cx30）-]在中国非综合征遗传性聋人群中的突变情况。方法：用特定引物对372例非综合征遗传性聋患者（其中295例分子病因不明,77例携带GJB2病理性单等位基因突变）和182例正常对照者进行聚合酶链反应,检测GJB6基因的342kb大片段缺失del（GJB6〉D13S1830）,并进行GJB6基因编码区扩增,以产物直接测序方法进行突变检测及鉴定。结果：372例耳聋患者中未发现GJB6 del（GJB6〉D13S1830）,其中1例发现携带GJB6基因点突变404C〉A,导致了氨基酸的错义改变T135K,多物种Cx30氨基酸序列进化分析证实该点位于Cx30高度保守的第3跨膜区。对照组中未发现同样突变。结论：GJB6基因突变在中国耳聋人群中整体发生频率较低,GJB6基因可暂不列为第一线耳聋基因检测项目。     

2008—2020年江苏省淮安市围产儿出生缺陷变化趋势及影响因素分析

目的：分析2008—2020年淮安市围产儿出生缺陷的发生情况、变化趋势及其影响因素。方法：数据来源于江苏省淮安市妇幼卫生信息系统中2008—2020年的监测数据以及淮安市统计年鉴。以年度变化百分比和平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）为主要指标，采用JoinPoint回归描述十三年间淮安市出生缺陷发生的变化趋势。采用Spearman相关性分析探讨出生缺陷发生率与人口出生率、结婚登记率及高龄产妇分娩占比的相关性。结果：2008—2020年，淮安市共发生围产儿出生缺陷3414例，出生缺陷发生率为4.6‰（3414/736 608），且表现为明显的上升趋势（AAPC=8.8%， t=3.2， P<0.01），2016年为变化转折点。在24类出生缺陷中，先天性心脏病发病率急剧上升，已成为顺位第一疾病，而无脑畸形、脑膨出、脊柱裂等神经管缺陷发病率下降明显。出生缺陷率与人口出生率呈负相关（ r=–0.751， P<0.01），与结婚登记率无明显相关性（ r=–0.516， P>0.05），与高龄产妇分娩占比呈正相关（ r=0.726， P<0.01）。 结论：2008—2020年，淮安市出生缺陷发生率整体呈上升趋势，先天性心脏病已成为第一顺位的出生缺陷，高龄产妇分娩占比与出生缺陷之间关系密切。     

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Geopolymer foams with different pore structures can be used in construction, water treatment, and heavy metal adsorption. The preparation of high porosity geopolymer foams using vegetable oil as a foam stabilizer is a feasible and cost-effective route. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymer foams with hierarchical pore structures were fabricated by adding H₂O₂ as the foaming agent with palm olein as the foam stabilizer. The effects of H₂O₂ and palm olein content on the chemical features and pore structure of geopolymer foams were evaluated. Water absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical behaviors of geopolymer foams were also investigated. The results indicate that fatty acid salt surfactants were generated in situ in the geopolymer matrix due to the addition of palm olein. Geopolymer foams with H₂O₂ and palm olein addition possess a homogeneously concentrated macropore distribution. Palm olein exhibits a refining effect on intrinsic pores formed by geopolymerization. In addition, using appropriate amounts of palm olein and H₂O₂, geopolymer foams can achieve higher open porosity and better pore connectivity, resulting in the improvement of water absorption and thermal insulation capacity.     

β-谷甾醇对原代大鼠海马神经元细胞活力的毒性

目的:研究β-谷甾醇对正常和痫性放电海马神经元的毒性作用。方法:采用24h内新生Wistar大鼠为细胞源,用Neurobasal培养液培养海马神经元9d后,加入无镁离子处理3h,诱导其痫性放电,加入β-谷甾醇(浓度),作用24h,MTT法检测β-谷甾醇对海马神经元的无毒和对原代大鼠海马神经元癫痫样细胞最佳作用时间的影响。结果:成功分离出大鼠原代海马神经元细胞,β-谷甾醇在20μmol/L浓度下对海马神经元细胞无毒性,最佳作用时间为24h。结论:浓度20μmol/L,最佳作用时间为24h,β-谷甾醇对海马神经元没有毒性,可用于癫痫治疗。     

2013年系统性硬化症分类标准及应用

系统性硬化症是一种临床上常见的自身免疫性疾病,发病机制复杂、临床表现多样,且疾病晚期致残、致死率高.因此,早期诊断、早期治疗非常重要.随着对系统性硬化症认识的不断深入,其分类标准也不断更新和完善,并在临床中得到验证及应用,为疾病的尽早分类及介入治疗提供了依据.     

苏州产淡水珍珠生物活性评价及镇静活性物质基础研究

目的对苏州产淡水珍珠的镇静、养阴、抗氧化及酪氨酸酶抑制等生物活性进行评价,并针对其镇静活性的物质基础开展研究。方法采用小鼠在黑箱中自发活动计数的方法考察其镇静作用;利用Sephadex G-100对珍珠热提液进行分离,并评价不同相对分子质量段部位的镇静活性,探讨镇静活性的物质基础。建立甲状腺素小鼠阴虚模型考察养阴作用;通过使用改进的邻苯三酚自氧化法及测定SOD、MDA含量考察抗氧化作用。结果珍珠热提液中大、小相对分子质量段部位均有显著的镇静活性;热提液能够明显增强阴虚状态下小鼠的抗疲劳、耐缺氧的能力,有效抑制阴虚状态下各脏器功能的衰减;冷浸液能显著提高小鼠血清SOD含量、降低MDA含量。结论珍珠具有良好的镇静、养阴和抗氧化作用;珍珠的镇静活性源于多组分物质共同作用的结果。     

芍甘多苷对四氯化碳亚急性肝损伤大鼠肝细胞线粒体保护作用

目的:探讨芍甘多苷对CCl4,亚急性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶、肝脏病理及肝细胞线粒体保护作用.方法:采用CCl4,诱发大鼠亚急性肝损伤,然后灌胃给予不同剂量的芍甘多苷治疗,观察药物对血清ALT,AST,肝脏组织病理,肝细胞线粒体超微结构和ATPase,MDA,SOD的影响.结果:芍甘多苷对CCl4诱发大鼠亚急性肝损伤升高的转氨酶有明显的降低作用,并使形态学上的肝细胞变性和坏死得到明显改善和恢复,能提高线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase活性,降低线粒体MDA含量,升高SOD活性,改善线粒体超微病理变化,降低肝细胞线粒体截面面积、周长、等效直径、平均吸光度.结论:芍甘多苷有明显的肝脏保护作用,其机制与减轻线粒体损伤有关.     

实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎疗效观察

目的观察实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎的临床疗效。方法 60例慢性肾炎患者随机分为两组。治疗组32例采用实脾固肾化瘀方治疗,对照组28例给予蒙诺口服,疗程3个月。观察两组治疗前后证候积分、24h尿蛋白定量和肾功能变化。结果治疗后,治疗组部分证候积分明显降低（P〈0.01）,且治疗组低于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组24h尿蛋白定量明显降低（P〈0.05）;两组肾功能变化无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;治疗组的临床疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎有较好的临床疗效。