Temporal expression and cellular origin of CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 in the central nervous system: insight into mechanisms of MOG-induced EAE

Background  

The CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 are critical for the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Mononuclear phagocytes are effector cells capable of phagocytosing myelin and damaging axons. In this study, we characterize the regional, temporal and cellular expression of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 mRNA in the spinal cord of rats with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE). While resembling human MS, this animal model allows unique access to CNS-tissue from various time-points of relapsing neuroinflammation and from various lesional stages: early active, late active, and inactive completely demyelinated lesions.     

Early appearance of inhibitory input to the MNTB supports binaural processing during development

Despite the peripheral and central immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior olivary complex depends on synaptic inhibition from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), a group of inhibitory neurons that is activated by contralateral sound stimuli. In this study, we examined the maturation of coding properties of MNTB neurons and found that they receive an inhibitory influence from the ipsilateral ear that is modified during the course of postnatal development. Single neuron recordings were obtained from the MNTB in juvenile (postnatal day 15-19) and adult gerbils. Approximately 50% of all recorded MNTB neurons were inhibited by ipsilateral sound stimuli, but juvenile neurons displayed a much greater suppression of firing as compared with those in adults. A comparison of the prepotential and postsynaptic action potential indicated that inhibition occurred at the presynaptic level, likely within the cochlear nucleus. A simple linear model of level difference detection by lateral superior olivary neurons that receive input from MNTB suggested that inhibition of the MNTB may expand the response of LSO neurons to physiologically realistic level differences, particularly in juvenile animals, at a time when these cues are reduced.     

老年患者日间手术全程质量管理模式研究

目的探索老年患者日间手术全程质量管理模式。方法通过医院病历系统采集2015年-2020年应用老年患者日间手术全程质量管理模式前后患者信息,进行对比分析。结果老年患者应用日间手术全程质量管理模式后,≥65岁老年患者日间手术人数逐年上升,占比从13.52%上升至18.62%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.450,P=0.011）;日间手术住院时间＞5 d的比例从0.72%下降至0.50%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=338.088,P<0.001）;不良事件发生率从3.77‰下降至1.56‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.156,P=0.023）,其中严重不良事件发生率从2.08‰下降至0.35‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.019,P=0.008）。结论应用日间手术全程质量管理模式能够有效提高老年患者日间手术的安全性,值得借鉴与推广。     

北京市13家中医综合医院住院医疗服务评价研究

目的建立中医综合医院住院医疗服务评价指标体系,对之进行评价,以明确优势与短板并针对性改进。方法通过文献分析法确定评价指标体系,运用层次分析法对指标权重进行赋值,利用改良TOPSIS法对北京市13家中医综合医院进行排名。结果综合排名前3的分别是E、B、D 三家中医综合医院。服务能力最强的为M医院,服务效率、医疗安全和数据质量最好的均为D医院,运营效益最优的为F医院,中医特色最强的为E医院。结论建立的指标体系能够对中医综合医院住院医疗服务进行客观评价,有利于医院持续改进,从而全面提高服务能力。     

Gastrointestinal Contributions to the Postprandial Experience

Food ingestion induces homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (satisfaction, changes in mood) that characterize the postprandial experience. Both types of sensation are secondary to intraluminal stimuli produced by the food itself, as well as to the activity of the digestive tract. Postprandial sensations also depend on the nutrient composition of the meal and on colonic fermentation of non-absorbed residues. Gastrointestinal function and the sensitivity of the digestive tract, i.e., perception of gut stimuli, are determined by inherent individual factors, e.g., sex, and can be modulated by different conditioning mechanisms. This narrative review examines the factors that determine perception of digestive stimuli and the postprandial experience.     

Effects of a Short-Term “Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration” Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners

Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners (n = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days’ carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diet for six days (carbohydrate > 60% energy; fat < 20% energy) in a randomized crossover design. Pre- and post-intervention metabolic measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), maximum fat oxidation rate during exercise (MFO), and maximum fat oxidation intensity (FATmax). Measures of exercise performance included maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), running economy (RE), and 5 km running time trial (5 km-TT). In FACR compared with HCHO, there were significant improvements in FATmax (p = 0.006) and RE (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between FACR and HCHO in RMR, RQ, VO₂max, or 5 km-TT. Findings suggest that a short-term (six days) FACR diet may facilitate increased fat oxidation and submaximal exercise economy but does not improve 5 km-TT performance.     

The Potential of Anti-Bullying Efforts to Prevent Academic Failure and Youth Crime. A Case Using the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)

Prevention Science - The effectiveness of bullying prevention programs has led to expectations that these programs could have effects beyond their primary goals. By reducing the number of victims...     

2018—2020年沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例特征及病原菌分析

目的 观察2018—2020年沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例特征及病原菌分布情况,为儿童肺炎防治工作提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月沈阳市某医院3 120例6岁及以下儿童肺炎的临床资料,包括患儿的性别、年龄、发病季节、临床症状、住院时间资料、儿童病例呼吸道分泌物细菌培养结果、咽拭子呼吸道病毒抗原检测结果、血清样本肺炎支原体及衣原体抗体检测结果,以及主要病原菌的K-B纸片法药敏试验结果。结果 3 120例患儿中男性1 763例,女性1 357例,以0~3岁患儿比例最高（60.6%）,秋冬季节发病比例高（63.0%）,临床症状主要有咳嗽（96.6%）、发热（95.7%）、呼吸急促（88.6%）、夜寐欠安（86.3%）、食纳差（74.0%）等,住院时间平均（9.3±2.8）d。不同年龄、住院时间的患儿病原菌检出率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,以0~3岁、住院时间>14 d的患儿病原菌检出率最高。所有患儿共检出病原菌2 675株,其中革兰阴性菌1 539株（57.5%）、革兰阳性菌728株（27.2%）、其他408株（15.3%）。革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌（412株）、流感嗜血杆菌（365株）为主,革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（296株）、肺炎链球菌（214株）为主。肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛耐药率高,对亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感;流感嗜血杆菌对复方新诺明、氨苄西林耐药率高,对氨曲南、亚胺硫霉素敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感;肺炎链球菌对红霉素、阿奇霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、左氧氟沙星敏感。结论 沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例男性、0~3岁、秋冬季节比例高,临床表现多样并且病原菌检出率高,可根据病原菌分布特点及药敏试验结果为儿童病例选择适合的治疗方案。     

阴道微环境失衡与高危型人乳头瘤病毒持续感染

目的探讨阴道微生态失衡与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)持续感染的关系。 方法选择2014年1月至2015年12月,在四川省科学城医院妇科诊断为HR-HPV感染的240例患者为研究对象,年龄为19~73岁。根据HR-HPV感染状态,将其分为研究组(n＝121,HR-HPV持续感染者)和对照组(n＝119,HR-HPV复查呈阴性者)。采用成组t检验,对2组患者的体重、人体质量指数(BMI)、孕次、产次等进行统计学分析。采用χ²检验,对2组患者的细菌性阴道病(BV)、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)、滴虫性阴道炎(TV)、需氧菌性阴道炎(AV)发生率等进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①2组受试者体重、BMI、孕次和产次等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②研究组患者BV、VVC检出率分别为43.0%(52/121)、38.0%(46/121),明显高于对照组的20.2%(24/119)、15.1%(18/119),2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝14.422、16.075,P＝0.002、<0.001)。研究组和对照组患者的TV、AV和混合性感染患者检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论BV、VVC与HR-HPV持续性感染密切相关,改善阴道微生态环境可能有助于降低HR-HPV的发生率。