Ion transfer reactions in media of low ionic strength

Facilitated ion transfer (FIT) and simple ion transfer (IT) reactions at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (W|DCE) interface with media of low ionic strength are investigated by employing micro- and nano-pipettes. The model systems chosen for the FIT and IT are K⁺ transfer facilitated by dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and tetramethylammonium (TMA⁺), respectively. For the FIT reaction at micro- and submicro-liquid|liquid interfaces, when the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the organic phase are at micromolar levels, its voltammetric waves are analyzed by the theory for one-electron oxidation of uncharged species in organic solution with little added supporting electrolyte on solid ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) proposed by Oldham [K.B. Oldham, J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 1]. Its chronoamperograms are strongly affected by the externally applied potentials, which is consistent with the theory proposed by Stojek and co-workers [A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, Anal. Chim. Acta 305 (1995) 106, A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 75, W. Hyk, M. Palys, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 415 (1996) 13, W. Hyk, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 422 (1997) 179] for reactions at solid UMEs with different concentrations of supporting electrolyte. In addition, the FIT reaction can exhibit well-defined steady-state waves at the nano-liquid|liquid interface when no supporting electrolyte is added to the organic phase. For the TMA⁺ transfer reaction from the aqueous phase to DCE (or from DCE to the aqueous phase), the magnitude of its steady-state limiting current depends on the concentration of supporting electrolyte in the same phase, and the shape and position of its transfer waves are influenced by the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the adjacent phase. We can observe clearly the migration effect on the transfer reaction of charged species.     

The growth hormone receptor gene is associated with mandibular height in a Chinese population

Genetic influences are important in the determination of mandibular morphology, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) is believed to have an important influence on the growth of craniofacial bone. In this study, we used quantitative trait locus methods to evaluate the relationship between craniofacial morphology and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GHR in an unselected healthy Chinese population. We systematically screened the 10 exons and nearby introns of GHR and identified 6 SNPs. Using 4 SNPs as markers, we studied the relationships between genotypes and craniofacial linear measurements. Individuals with the genotype CC of polymorphism I526L had a significantly greater mandibular ramus length (condylion-gonion/ articulare-gonion) than those with genotype AC or AA. Haplotype analysis showed that there were also significant differences between the long and short mandibular height groups in an extreme population. Our results indicate that the GHR gene polymorphism I526L is associated with mandibular height in the Chinese population.     

口腔扁平苔藓浸润细胞免疫组化分析

为探讨免疫应答在扁平苔藓发病过程中的作用及相互关系，本研究中应用ABC技术，用T3、T4、T8、IgG单抗及S－100蛋白标记病损已浸润细胞。结果表明：病损区以细胞免疫为主，淋巴细胞数量与上皮钉突的增殖程度呈正相关；病损区中郎罕氏细胞明显偏高；基底膜区损害与T细胞数量呈正相关；IgG阳性细胞散在分布于病损区，其阳性物质在基底膜区沉积。提示该疾病以细胞免疫为主，同时有体液免疫应答的参与。     

Establishment of cell free conversion system with biotin-labelled recombinant PrPsen expressed in E. coli

Objective To report a protocol using biotin-labelled PrP protein in cell free conversion assay instead of isotope. Methods A hamster PrP protein （HaPrP） was expressed in E. coli and purified with HIS-tag affinity chromatograph. After being labelled with biotin, HaPrP was mixed with PrP^sen preparation from scrapie strain 263K. Results Protease-resistant bands were detected after four-day incubation. Conclusion The new conversion model provides a reliable, easily handling, and environment-friendly method for studies of prion and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.     

铋剂四联10天疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效分析

目的 评价铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2018年7月—2021年6月于湘雅常德医院就诊使用铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗Hp感染的209例患者作为研究对象。患者采用艾司奥美拉唑镁肠溶片（20 mg）+阿莫西林胶囊（1 g）+克拉霉素（0.5 mg）+胶体酒石酸铋胶囊（220 mg）均2次/d,酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg）3次/d,疗程10 d。后续追加艾司奥美拉唑肠溶片（20 mg,1次/d）+酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg,3次/d）+聚普瑞锌颗粒（75 mg,2次/d）,疗程14 d。结果 符合方案集分析（PP）和意向性分析（ITT）的Hp根除成功率分别为97.4%（189/194）和90.4%（189/209）,9例（4.4%）患者在治疗期间出现不良反应,但程度均较轻微,可自行缓解。结论 铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌作为Hp感染的治疗方案,根除率高,安全可行,在缩短抗生素疗程的同时不仅增加患者的依从性,也减少细菌产生耐药性。     

Attenuation of Reserpine-Induced Pain/Depression Dyad by Gentiopicroside Through Downregulation of GluN2B Receptors in the Amygdala of Mice

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that pain frequently occurs comorbid with depression. Gentiopicroside (Gent) is a secoiridoid compound isolated from Gentiana lutea that exhibits analgesic properties and inhibits the expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice. However, the effects of Gent on the reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Reserpine administration (1 mg/kg subcutaneous daily for 3 days) caused a significant decrease in the nociceptive threshold as evidenced by the reduced paw withdrawal latency in response to a radiant heat source and mechanical allodynia. Behavioral detection indicated a significant increase in immobility time during a forced swim test, as well as decreased time in the central area and total travel distance in an open field test. Furthermore, reserpinized animals exhibited increased oxidative stress. Systemic Gent administration dose-dependently ameliorated the behavioral deficits associated with reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad. At the same time, the decrease in biogenic amine levels (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) was integrated with the increase in caspase-3 levels and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the amygdala of the reserpine-injected mice. Gent significantly reversed the changes in the levels of biogenic amines, caspase-3, and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in amygdala. However, Gent did not affect the expression of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. The inhibitory effects of Gent on oxidative stress were occluded by simultaneous treatment of GluN2B receptors antagonist Ro25-6981. Our study provides strong evidence that Gent inhibits reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad by downregulating GluN2B receptors in the amygdala.