OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney. 相似文献
We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study
was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness
for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively
evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When
pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic
local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early
gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had
SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic
local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative
procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric
cancer. 相似文献
Background: Primary afferent nociceptor sensitization and its accompanying spontaneous discharge are believed to be the proximate cause of the spontaneous pain and hypersensitivity that follow an acute tissue injury. Evidence for this comes almost entirely from studies limited to the first few minutes to an hour or two after injury, when the inflammatory reaction to injury has just begun. However, there is evidence that inflammatory pain mechanisms differ from acute pain mechanisms and that the mechanisms that drive and modulate inflammatory pain may evolve over time.
Methods: The authors surveyed spontaneous afferent discharge in rats with hind paw inflammation evoked by complete Freund adjuvant over the entire 14 days of the inflammatory pain condition, as determined in parallel experiments assessing allodynia and hyperalgesia.
Results: Inflammation-evoked heat hyperalgesia, mechanoallodynia, and mechanohyperalgesia began within hours, persisted until at least day 7, and resolved by day 14. A large percentage (23%) of A fibers had spontaneous discharge 2 days after inflammation, but the incidence was much reduced (to 7-9%) by 7 and 14 days. At all times, the A-fiber discharge frequency was low (<3.0 Hz) or very low (<0.3 Hz). A large percentage (24%) of C fibers had spontaneous discharge 2 and 7 days after inflammation, but this also declined to near control levels by day 14; C-fiber discharge frequency was also always low (most at 0.3-1.0 Hz). 相似文献