联合经皮和经静脉超声造影对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的诊断价值

目的探讨经皮超声造影联合经静脉超声造影在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结中的诊断价值。 方法选取2016年11月至2018年6月南京中医药大学附属医院乳腺外科收治的174例乳腺癌患者,所有患者均进行经皮超声造影前哨淋巴结定位,并进行常规超声和经静脉超声造影检查,以亚甲蓝染色和手术病理结果为标准,对常规超声与联合经皮和经静脉超声造影诊断前哨淋巴结的效能进行分析。 结果174例乳腺癌患者共计175个前哨淋巴结,亚甲蓝染色与经皮超声造影定位前哨淋巴结的检出率分别为99.4%和96.0%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.067）。病理结果显示,175个前哨淋巴结中56个发生转移,常规超声诊断前哨淋巴结转移的特异度为71.4%、敏感度为64.3%、准确性为69.1%,联合经皮和经静脉超声造影诊断前哨淋巴结转移的特异度为84.0%、敏感度为76.8%、准确性为81.7%,联合经皮和经静脉超声造影诊断前哨淋巴结转移的准确性高于常规超声检查,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.46,P＜0.05）。根据手术病理特征将175个前哨淋巴结分为宏转移组38个、微转移组18个、未转移组119个。常规超声诊断前哨淋巴结宏转移组准确性为71.1%,微转移组准确性为50.0%,未转移组准确性为71.4%。联合经皮和经静脉超声造影诊断前哨淋巴结宏转移组准确性为86.8%,微转移组准确性为55.6%,未转移组准确性为84.0%。 结论经皮超声造影可在术前准确定位前哨淋巴结,联合经皮和经静脉超声造影对于乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移具有较好的定性诊断价值。     

Nucleation density and pore size tunable growth of ZnO nanowalls by a facile solution approach: growth mechanism and NO2 gas sensing properties

Nanowalls are novel nanostructures whose 3D porous network morphology holds great potential for applications as gas sensors. The realization of such a nanowall-based gas sensor depends directly on the comprehensive understanding of the growth mechanism of the nanowalls. We induced nucleation density and pore size evolution by increasing the dipping and growth times. The investigation indicates that the 3D porous ZnO nanowalls consist of a seed layer of ZnO nanoparticles and a growth layer of the vertically grown ZnO nanosheets. The seed layer nucleation density dominance is driven by the dipping time. The pore size and the height of the as-grown ZnO nanowalls are determined by varying the growth time. Possible growth mechanisms governing the physical characteristics of the synthesized ZnO nanostructures in the solution process are proposed and discussed. The gas sensor that was fabricated from the ZnO nanowall structure exhibited strong dependence on the microstructure, which was mainly determined by the preparation conditions.

Nanowalls are novel nanostructures whose 3D porous network morphology holds great potential for applications as gas sensors.     

A preparation of β-glucans and anthocyanins (LoGiCarb™) lowers the in vitro digestibility and in vivo glycemic index of white rice

The effect of a proprietary blend of β-glucan, anthocyanins and resistant dextrin (LoGICarb™) on the (1) in vitro digestibility and (2) in vivo glycemic response of humans to white rice, were carried out. The amounts of glucose released, rapidly digestible starch, and predicted glycemic index of white rice were significantly reduced, with addition of LoGICarb™. The mean glycemic index (GI) value of white rice, were also reduced from 72 to 55.0 ± 4.52, in 14 test subjects. These effects were due to the combination of anthocyanins and β-glucans in one sachet of LoGICarb™. The anthocyanins could bind α-amylase, reducing the amount of available enzymes for starch digestion, thus slowing down starch digestion in white rice. In addition, β-glucans helped increase the viscosity of meal bolus. This is the first study that demonstrated addition of plant-based extracts could significantly decrease the digestibility and GI value of cooked white rice.

A blend of β-glucans and anthocyanins lowers the digestibility and glycemic index of white rice.     

shRNA转染对食管癌细胞TE13中CHK1和CHK2表达以及照射后G2/M期阻滞的影响

背景与目的:肿瘤细胞照射后常表现为细胞周期的变化,本研究采用细胞周期监测点激酶CHK1和CHK2基因的短发卡状RNA(shRNA)转染食管癌细胞,观察对其蛋白表达以及60Co γ射线照射后细胞周期的影响.方法:设计合成并构建质粒连接的CHK1和CHK2 shRNA,分别提取质粒DNA并采用脂质体转染TE13细胞并传代;采用Western blot、RT-PCR和流式细胞仪分别检测CHK1和CHK2蛋白和muRNA表达、以及5 Gy 60Co γ射线照射后细胞周期变化,克隆形成实验检测5 Gy γ射线照射后细胞存活率.结果:采用CHK1和CHK2 shRNA转染TE13细胞后,其mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低.单纯5 Gy γ射线照射后24 h,TE13细胞G2/M期比例由未照射组的32.17%增至6147%;shRNA转染的TE13细胞在5 Gy γ射线照射后24 h,C2/M期比例由单纯照射组的61 47%降至28.13%(CHK1)和42.80%(CHK2),P＜0.05.5 Gy γ射线、CHK1 shRNA力5 Gy γ射线、以及CHK2 shRNA力5 Gy γ射线照射后,细胞存活率分别为27.0%、13.0%和21.0%.shRNA转染的子一代TE13细胞在转染后120 h,对CHK1和CHK2蛋白表达的抑制作用已基本消失:转染120 h后以5 Gy γ射线照射24 h,CHK1或CHK2 shRNA转染组G2/M期比例高于单纯照射组,P＜0.05;至转染后144 h和5 Gy γ射线照射后48 h,转染组与单纯照射组比较G2/M期比例无明显差别,P＞0.05.结论:采用质粒连接的人CHK1和CHK2 shRNA转染TE13细胞后,可以明显抑制其mRNA和蛋白表达并消除照射后G2/M期阻滞,增加放射敏感性;提示TE13细胞γ射线照射后G2/M期检测点可能受CHK1和CHK2激酶双重调节,但以CHK1为主.     

标准测量法对磁共振血管成像大脑中动脉狭窄程度的测量

目的:应用标准测量法对磁共振血管成像大脑中动脉狭窄程度进行标准化的测量研究.方法:34例患者中男23例、女11例,平均年龄62.5岁.应用标准测量法对其中46条经过TCD确诊为中、重度狭窄的大脑中动脉M1段的MRA血管狭窄率进行测量,计算公式为:狭窄率=[1-(狭窄动脉直径÷正常动脉直径)]×100%;狭窄动脉直径为大脑中动脉M1段最狭窄处管腔横径,正常动脉直径的测量遵循以下原则:第1选择测量大脑中动脉M1段狭窄处近心端正常动脉血管的直径;如果近心端的动脉血管也有管腔的不规则狭窄采用第2选择测量大脑中动脉M1段狭窄处远心端正常动脉血管的直径;如果近心端和远心端的大脑中动脉M1段均有不规则狭窄则采用第3种选择测量大脑中动脉的供血动脉颈内动脉的血管直径.结果:对正常血管的选择和狭窄率的测量结果经2个独立样本的t检验差异都无显著性意义(P＞0.05);MRA测量结果平均值与TCD测量Vs值经一元线性相关与回归分析结果R2=0.55.结论:标准测量法应用于MRA血管狭窄率的测量可以得到较好的一致性,如果进一步研究可以成为计算MRA血管狭窄率标准方法.     

癸酸能够活化CD8+ T细胞并提高其抗肿瘤免疫反应能力

目的：探究中链脂肪酸癸酸对CD8+ T细胞活化的影响,及其对CD8+ T细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应的作用和机制。方法：建立C57BL/6小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10 皮下荷瘤模型,随机分为癸酸组（10 mg/kg 癸酸灌胃）和对照组（等量溶剂灌胃）,观察癸酸对小鼠肿瘤生长以及生存率的影响,采用流式细胞术检测肿瘤微环境中浸润CD8+ T细胞的活化水平。建立B16F10-OVA和OT-I T细胞共培养体系,采用流式细胞术检测癸酸对CD8+ T细胞的肿瘤细胞杀伤能力的影响。采用α-CD8抗体清除B16F10 荷瘤小鼠体内CD8+ T细胞,观察对小鼠肿瘤体积的影响。小鼠原代CD8+ T细胞经癸酸处理后,采用WB、ELISA及qPCR、流式细胞术检测T细胞受体（TCR）活化、效应细胞因子产生以及增殖和代谢水平。在B16F10荷瘤小鼠模型中,观察α-PD-1抗体联合癸酸给药对小鼠肿瘤生长以及生存率的影响。结果：在小鼠黑色素瘤荷瘤模型中,与对照组相比,癸酸组小鼠移植瘤体积显著降低且生存率显著提高（均P<0.05）,肿瘤浸润CD8+ T细胞IFN-γ和TNF-α的表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）。经癸酸处理的OT-I T细胞对B16F10-OVA细胞的杀伤水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在荷瘤小鼠模型中用α-CD8 抗体清除CD8+ T 细胞后,癸酸对移植瘤的抑制作用显著降低（P<0.000 1）。小鼠原代CD8+ T细胞经癸酸处理后,TCR活化水平显著升高、细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ的产生增多、线粒体代谢水平显著上调（均P<0.05）。在黑色素瘤荷瘤小鼠模型中,癸酸与α-PD-1抗体联用,能够显著抑制小鼠移植瘤生长并提高其生存率（均P<0.05）。结论：癸酸能够促进CD8+ T细胞活化、增强其抗肿瘤免疫反应能力。     

甲状旁腺机能减退症的误诊分析

目的 研究甲状旁腺机能减退症患者的临床特征及CT表现,减少其临床误诊.方法对8例甲状旁腺机能减退症患者的临床病例资料进行回顾性研究,分析其误诊情况、临床表现、头颅CT变化、血电解质变化及血甲状旁腺激素水平.结果 8例患者均长期误诊为原发性癫痫（6例）、癔症（2例）,8例均有癫痫样发作（全身强直阵挛发作）,其中5例有反复手足搐搦发作史,2例有精神症状,3例有智力受损,8例均有血钙降低血磷增高及血甲状旁腺激素水平降低,8例头颅CT均有颅内基底节、丘脑、小脑齿状核和皮质-髓质交界区广泛性对称性钙化.结论 甲状旁腺机能减退症的神经精神症状主要表现为癫痫样发作、手足搐搦及精神症状,常误诊为癫痫、癔症,头颅CT特征性表现为颅内对称性广泛性钙化,结合血低磷高钙,血甲状旁腺激素水平降低即可诊断.     

苗药黑骨藤中绿原酸在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 采用UPLC-MS/MS法建立大鼠血浆中绿原酸含量测定的方法,并将其应用于黑骨藤中绿原酸在大鼠体内的药动学研究.方法 采用沉淀蛋白法处理血浆样品,以葛根素为内标,色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18(150 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm),流动相:乙腈-水(0.2％甲酸)(80:20)等度洗脱,流速...     

The Association between Diet Quality and Health Status in Mobile Food Pantry Users in Northeastern Connecticut

Low-income Americans tend to have poor diet quality and disease prevalence overall. Mobile food pantries aim to improve these outcomes, and have rarely been studied. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between diet quality and health status in mobile food pantry users. Data were collected from two mobile food pantry sites in Northeastern Connecticut (n = 83). Sociodemographic food security and diet quality data were collected. Overall, diet quality was low among all participants with intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains of concern. Participant adherence to the 2020–2025 US Dietary Guidelines were low, with no participants meeting recommendations for whole grains. Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension prevalence in this population exceeded national averages. After adjusting for covariates, hypertension was associated with higher dairy and added sugar intake, as well as a greater intake of added sugar from sugar-sweetened beverages (p < 0.05). Although results were not statistically significant, participants with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension showed a trend of having lower adherence to the guidelines than those without these chronic diseases. Questions assessing participant interest in changing their diets were also posed, indicating overall high interest in learning about current diet quality and weight improvement.