Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil-dependent protective immunity to larval Onchocerca volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae

Mice immunized with irradiated Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae developed protective immunity. Eosinophil levels were elevated in the parasite microenvironment at the time of larval killing, and measurements of total serum antibody levels revealed an increase in the immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in immunized mice. The goal of the present study was to identify the role of granulocytes and antibodies in the protective immune response to the larval stages of O. volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae. Immunity did not develop in mice if granulocytes, including both neutrophils and eosinophils, were eliminated, nor did it develop if only eosinophils were eliminated. Moreover, larvae were killed in na?ve interleukin-5 transgenic mice, and the killing coincided with an increase in the number of eosinophils and the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) level in the animals. To determine if EPO was required for protective immunity, mice that were genetically deficient in EPO were immunized, and there were no differences in the rates of parasite recovery in EPO-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Two mouse strains were used to study B-cell function; micro MT mice lacked all mature B cells, and Xid mice had deficiencies in the B-1 cell population. Immunity did not develop in the micro MT mice but did develop in the Xid mice. Finally, protective immunity was abolished in mice treated to eliminate IgE from the blood. We therefore concluded that IgE and eosinophils are required for adaptive protective immunity to larval O. volvulus in mice.     

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白可诱导人单核细胞源树突状细胞形成泡沫细胞

目的： 探讨氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）对人单核细胞源树突状细胞（DC）功能的影响。 方法： 采用免疫磁珠法分离人外周血CD14+单核细胞，经含rhGM-CSF（100 μg/L）和rhIL-4（20 μg/L）的Cellgro培养，使其分化为DC。DC与100 mg/L天然的或氧化修饰的LDL孵育72 h后，采用透射电镜和尼罗红染色观察细胞内脂质沉积，流式细胞术检测DC表型（CD1a，CD40，CD86，HLA-DR），混合T淋巴细胞反应检测DC对淋巴细胞增殖的影响，FITC-dextran检测DC吞噬功能，ELISA检测细胞培养上清Th1/Th2 (IL-12/IL-2)细胞因子的浓度。 结果： ox-LDL可诱导DC形成泡沫细胞，而天然的LDL无此作用。经ox-LDL处理的DC吞噬作用明显弱于天然的LDL，而对T细胞增殖作用却明显强于天然的LDL；可明显上调CD80(72.4±9.6 vs 89.5±10.1, P<0.01), CD86(67.2±8.8 vs 80.2±11.6, P＜0.01), HLA-DR(80.6±9.8 vs 86.6±10.8, P<0.01) 和CD1a(40.2±10.3 vs 60.2±9.3, P<0.01)的表达，明显促进DC细胞因子IL-12［(44.3±8.9)ng/L vs (65.1±10.4)ng/L, P<0.05］的分泌，但却降低IL-2［(43.6±7.8）ng/L vs （10.0±4.5）ng/L, P<0.01］。 结论： DC可通过摄取ox-LDL形成泡沫细胞，而后者与成熟DC的功能相似，说明DC可能是泡沫细胞新的来源，在动脉粥样硬化免疫病理发生中具有重要的作用。     

牵张延长下颌骨对二腹肌纤维型构成影响的研究

目的 :研究牵张延长下颌骨前后二腹肌的组织化学特征。方法 :应用肌球蛋白ATP酶 (pH9.4)染色法 ,观测了牵张前后 8只狗的二腹肌肌纤维类型 ,并用VIDAS图像分析仪测量其横截面积。结果 :ATP酶染色 ,二腹肌肌纤维分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型 ,Ⅰ型纤维数量较Ⅱ型纤维少。牵张延长下颌骨后 ,Ⅰ型纤维数量显著性增多 ,Ⅱ型纤维数量显著性减少。牵张成骨后 ,Ⅰ型纤维、、Ⅱ型纤维的横截面积与术前比较没有显著性差异。结论 :牵张延长下颌骨后 ,与牵张方向平行的二腹肌肌纤维型分布发生了与功能变化相适应的改变     

CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice

Mechanisms responsible for the development of autoimmune skin disease in humans and animal models with lupus remain poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of CD1d, an antigen-presenting molecule known to activate natural killer T cells, in the development of inflammatory dermatitis in lupus-susceptible MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In particular, we have established MRL-lpr/lpr mice carrying a germ-line deletion of the CD1d genes. We demonstrate that CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice, as compared with wild-type littermates, have more frequent and more severe skin disease, with increased local infiltration with mast cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells. CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice had increased prevalence of CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and liver and of TCR alpha beta (+)B220(+) cells in lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD1d deficiency was associated with decreased T cell production of type 2 cytokines and increased or unchanged type 1 cytokines. These findings indicate a regulatory role of CD1d in inflammatory dermatitis. Understanding the mechanisms by which CD1d deficiency results in splenic T cell expansion and cytokine alterations, with increased dermal infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, will have implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.     

血管树突状细胞在人主动脉粥样硬化早期病变中的分布

目的：探讨血管树突状细胞在人早期动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变中的分布模式。方法：人主动脉标本15例主要取自尸检和外科手术，常规连续切片，分别行HE及S100／CD1a免疫细胞化学染色，光镜下观察S100／CD1a阳性细胞分布情况。结果：15例HE染色标本中，2例正常，13例人动脉血管可见内膜的增厚及泡沫细胞等AS早期病理表现。9例S100／CD1a染色阳性，阳性率为69．2％。S100／CD1a阳性细胞分布在病变的内膜和外膜，外膜的S100／CD1a阳性细胞主要分布在滋养血管的周围。结论：在AS早期病变部位有血管树突状细胞的聚集，主要分布在病变血管的内膜和外膜，提示血管树突状细胞可能参与了AS早期的免疫反应。     

Transient expression of osteopontin mRNA and protein in amoeboid microglia in developing rat brain

To investigate a potential role of osteopontin (OPN) in developing rat brain, the expression of OPN mRNA and protein in the developing rat brain relative to the distribution of brain macrophages was investigated using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and the phagocytic capability of OPN-expressing cells was accessed using rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIc) as a tracer. OPN-expressing cells appeared from embryonic day 16. During the first week of postnatal life, OPN-labeled cells increased markedly, and peaked around P7, then declined and had completely disappeared by the end of the second postnatal week. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of OPN mRNA closely matched that of OPN protein. Their morphology and localization were compared with those of cells expressing the established microglial marker OX-42 in adjacent sections, and double-labeling studies demonstrated that OPN was localized to the amoeboid microglia which stain with the lectin GSI-B₄, another marker for microglia. Furthermore, OPN-labeled cells were confirmed to be active phagocytes emitting RhIc fluorescence indicating that the tracer into the brain tissues was engulfed by phagocytosis. Therefore, these results provide the first evidence that OPN is transiently expressed in active brain macrophages in the embryonic and early postnatal brain, and suggest that OPN may contribute to the migration and phagocytic function of brain macrophages in the developing brain.This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation grant (KRF-2002-015-EP0106)     

汉族人群载脂蛋白CII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列(TG)n(AG)m及(AG)m多态性

采用套式聚合酶链反应结合变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染技术，并构建载脂蛋白CII（ApoCII)基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因梯阶标准；检测正常汉族人群基因型和等位基因频率分布，检出36种（TG）n(AG)m序列基因型、12种等位基因。等位基因为17、18、26－35，其频率分别为0．061、0．011、0．002、0．002、0．054、0．255、0．372、0．084、0．026、0．039、0．052、0．041。检出7种（AG）m序列基因型、4种等位基因。等位基因为6、7、8、9，其频率分别为0．002、0．152、0．812、0．034。与欧洲白种人比较，ApoCII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因频率分布均具有明显的种族差异性（P＜0．01，P＜0．01）。     

体外受精-胚胎移植患者妊娠率与年龄及多精受精关系的研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）患者的妊娠率与年龄及多精受精的关系。方法收集1234个IVF-ET治疗周期,回顾分析不同年龄组的妊娠率及其与多精受精的关系。结果随着年龄的增长,患者IVF-ET周期的妊娠率和多精受精率均降低,并且同年龄组多精受精发生周期的妊娠率高于非多精受精组。结论女性的年龄与IVF-ET周期的妊娠率和多精受精的发生呈负相关,年龄与多精受精率都可作为预测IVF-ET结果的临床指标。     

The Effect of End Group Modification on the Transparency of Vinyl Addition Norbornene Polymers at 193 nm

Summary: Homopolymers of a bis‐trifluorocarbinol substituted norbornene ( 1 ) (α,α‐bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2‐ethanol or HFANB) and copolymers of 1 with t‐butyl ester of 5‐carboxylic acid ( 2 , t‐BuEsNB) were produced using palladium catalysts and olefinic chain transfer agents such as 1‐hexene and ethylene to control molecular weight. However, these low‐molecular‐weight polymers exhibited relatively low optical transparencies at 193 nm. In fact, the opacity (measured as optical densities in absorbance units per micron) of thin films of these homo‐ and co‐polymers was inversely proportional to their molecular weight. This relationship is consistent with an end group contribution to the film opacity. Spectroscopic analysis of these polymers by ¹H NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS confirmed that 1‐hexene and ethylene chain transfer agents generated olefin‐terminated vinyl addition polymers. The olefinic end group contribution to optical density can be eliminated by appropriate chemical modification. Both epoxidation and hydrogenation of the polymer olefinic end groups generated very low optical density materials, independent of molecular weight, that are suitable as 193‐nm photoresist binder resins.

End group modification of vinyl and hexenyl‐terminated homopolymers of 1 by epoxidation or hydrogenation.