黄芪炮制工艺优化及不同炮制品成分比较

目的:优化黄芪蜜炙、盐炙、醋炙工艺,并比较不同炮制品水溶出物溶出率、黄芪甲苷含量差异。方法:采用均匀设计试验,以加辅料(蜜、盐、醋)倍数、浸泡时间、炒制时间、炒制温度为考察因素,以水溶出物溶出率、黄芪甲苷含量的综合评分为指标,优选炮制工艺;采用香草醛-硫酸比色法测定黄芪甲苷含量。结果:蜜炙、盐炙、醋炙最优工艺为加蜜、盐、醋倍数分别为1:7、1:1、1:1(均为V/V),炒制时间分别为13、5、5min,炒制温度分别为70、240、70℃,浸泡时间均为0.5h;盐炙黄芪水溶出物溶出率高于醋炙品,且有显著性差异(P<0.01),而3种炮制方法下黄芪甲苷含量差异不明显。结论:所选工艺稳定、可靠;不同炮制方法对水溶出物有显著性影响。     

HPLC法同时测定开胸顺气丸中橙皮苷、和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量

目的:建立同时测定开胸顺气丸中橙皮苷、和厚朴酚与厚朴酚含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agi-lentZORBAXSB-C18柱,流动相为甲醇(A)-5%冰醋酸溶液(B)(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为40℃,进样量为10μL,检测波长0～20min为284nm、20～65min为294nm。结果:橙皮苷进样量在0.1717～4.292μg范围内(r=0.9998)、和厚朴酚进样量在0.04004～1.001μg范围内(r=0.9994)、厚朴酚进样量在0.09280～4.640μg范围内(r=0.9998)与各自峰面积积分值均呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为99.88%、99.34%、99.34%,RSD分别为0.67%、1.10%、0.86%(n=6)。结论:本法简便、准确、重复性好、精密度高,可更好地控制开胸顺气丸的质量。     

鼻腔喷雾剂给药装置的性能考察

目的:考察所选鼻腔喷雾剂给药装置的性能,建立评价该类装置性能的方法。方法:参考2010年版《中国药典》喷雾剂项下有关要求,分别以失重率和增重率为指标考察高温(60℃)和高湿(95%)条件下装置的密闭性,以及室温、40℃、60℃条件下的每喷喷量。结果:该装置在高温和高湿条件下失重率和增重率均<1%,3种条件下以60℃时的每喷喷量不准确、差异较大。结论:该装置的密闭性良好,在40℃及以下温度环境中放置时的每喷喷量准确、精密度好,符合鼻腔给药装置的要求。本文建立的方法可用于该类装置的性能考察。     

核磁共振法测定熊去氧胆酸中鹅去氧胆酸的含量

用一般的滴定方法测定熊去氧胆酸中鹅去氧胆酸的含量是很难进行的。NMR方法能有效地进行测定。样品(10～20毫克)溶解在CDCl_3和DMSO-d_6(8:1v/v)的混合溶剂中,马来酸做标准物,以δ=3.8ppm的鹅去氧胆酸C_7质子峰面积计算含量。方法的变异系数是0.45-1.3%,回收率是99.3-100.1%。     

不同产地枳实与枳壳中黄酮类成分的含量测定

目的:建立枳实、枳壳药材中橙皮苷、柚皮苷等四种黄酮类成分的含量测定方法,并比较此类成分在两种药材中的区别。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,用Inertsil ODS(250×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(38:58:4)为流动相;流速为1.0mL·mim~(-1);柱温为35℃;检测波长为284nm。结果:枳实中主要含橙皮苷、芸香柚皮苷,而枳壳中以新橙皮苷和柚皮苷含量较高;且枳实中总黄酮含量高于枳壳。结论:黄酮类成分的种类和含量高低均有很大区别,揭示产地、品种以及采收期的不同影响其含量分布。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定东北龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量

目的:建立东北龙胆中龙胆苦苷的测定方法。方法:采用双波长薄层扫描法测定东北龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量。样品波长270nm,参比波长370nm。结果:回归方程为y=2159.4x 57.2,r=0.9998,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为0.29%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、快速,重现性好,可用于龙胆药材的质量控制。     

Curriculum recommendations of the AACP-PSSC task force on caring for the underserved

A task force was convened by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and the Pharmaceutical Services Support Center (PSSC) and charged with the development of a curriculum framework to guide pharmacy programs in educating students on caring for the underserved. Utilizing a literature-based model, the task force constructed a framework that delineated evidence-based practice, clinical prevention and health promotion, health systems and policy, and community aspects of practice. Specific learning outcomes tailored to underserved populations were crafted and linked to resources readily available to the academy.     

Research in women and special populations

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy charged a Task Force on Research in Special Populations to review, update, and broaden its 1993 White Paper on Women as Research Subjects. Participants of the task force included pharmacy clinicians and investigators in the field. This resulting White Paper, Research in Women and Special Populations, discusses the current concepts regarding the conduct of research in women, as well as in special populations such as children, elderly, minorities, cognitively impaired, and other vulnerable populations (e.g., prisoners and refugees). For each specific population, the barriers to research participation, current guidelines and regulations, and available recommendations to address these barriers are discussed. The participation in research by these populations requires addressing special social and ethical challenges. Clinical pharmacy researchers should be cognizant of these guidelines and be an advocate for the inclusion and the rights of women and special populations in research participation.     

[~3H]十一酸睾丸素肌注后在大鼠的吸收、分布和排泄

大鼠肌注[~3H]十一酸睾丸素油剂,血浆放射峰在药后2d 出现,32d和60d 的血浆放射性分别为峰值的13.3%及9.9%,放射性的分布以肝、肾、脂肪为高,次为提肛肌、附睾、睾丸、前列腺与储精囊。药后60d,肌注部位残留放射性为给药量的19.9%;尿和粪中放射性累积排泄量分别为给药量的41.4%和9.3%。算得 t_((1/2)ka)=6.9d;t_((1/2)α)=6.9d;t_((1/2)β)=15.4d。