酒精摄入量与糖尿病患病关系的横断面研究

目的：探讨酒精摄入量与糖尿病患病的关系。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法,先随机抽取泸州市3个社区,每个社区内再随机抽取到个人,共抽取泸州市区40岁及以上常驻居民4 000人,对其进行调查问卷及体格检查,生化检查。结果：调查有效人数共3 970名,其中糖尿病患病率为19.47%。饮酒率为41.2%,其中男性饮酒率为60.9%,女性饮酒率为30.9%,男性明显高于女性。按饮酒量不同分组：男女新诊糖尿病患病率少量饮酒组（男5.09%,女4.26%）均低于不饮酒组（男9.17%,女7.11%）,男性大量饮酒组（男21.76%,女15.19%）均高于其他3组;男女既诊糖尿病患病率均随饮酒量的增加而下降,大量饮酒组最低。总体而言,少量饮酒组新诊患病率最低,并明显低于不饮酒组,大量饮酒组明显高于其他3组。既诊患病率饮酒组均低于不饮酒组。各组生化指标比较：少量和中量饮酒组餐后2 h血糖（2-hour postprandial glucose,2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1C,HbA1C）均明显低于不饮酒组,大量饮酒组空腹血糖、2hPG及HbA1C水平明显高于其他3组。大量饮酒组胆固醇明显高于少量和中量饮酒组,高密度脂蛋白明显低于其他3组,低密度脂蛋白明显高于其他3组。logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后,少量饮酒是糖尿病的保护因素（OR=0.641,95%CI=0.508～0.807）。结论：少量饮酒是糖尿病的保护因素,大量饮酒则升高血糖、血脂水平。     

狭序唐松草化学成分的研究(Ⅲ)

从狭窄唐松草Ｔｈａｌｉｃｔｒｕｍ ａｔｒｉｐｌｅｘ Ｆｉｎｅｒｒ ｅｔ Ｇａｎｇｅｐ．地上部分分离并鉴定了６个化合物,其中４个为生物碱,即：Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｌａｕｒｏｔｅｔａｎｉｎｅ,（Ⅰ）、ｉｓｏｂｏｄｉｎｅ（Ⅱ）、ｔｈａｌｉｇｓｏｐｙｎｉｅ（Ⅲ）和Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｃｏｃｕｌａｒｉｎｅ（Ⅳ）,２个为非生物碱,即：异槲皮苷（Ⅴ）和乙醇－（３,４－二羟基）－苯乙酯（Ⅳ）。６个化合物均为首次从该植物中     

Comparative toxicity of silicon dioxide,silver and iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration to rats

Although silicon dioxide (SiO₂), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles are widely used in diverse applications from food to biomedicine, in vivo toxicities of these nanoparticles exposed via the oral route remain highly controversial. To examine the systemic toxicity of these nanoparticles, well‐dispersed nanoparticles were orally administered to Sprague–Dawley rats daily over a 13‐week period. Based on the results of an acute toxicity and a 14‐day repeated toxicity study, 975.9, 1030.5 and 1000 mg kg^–1 were selected as the highest dose of the SiO₂, Ag and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, respectively, for the 13‐week repeated oral toxicity study. The SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles did not induce dose‐related changes in a number of parameters associated with the systemic toxicity up to 975.9 and 1000 mg kg^–1, respectively, whereas the Ag nanoparticles resulted in increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium as well as lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney, raising the possibility of liver and kidney toxicity induced by the Ag nanoparticles. Compared with the SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles showing no systemic distribution in all tissues tested, the Ag concentration in sampled blood and organs in the Ag nanoparticle‐treated group significantly increased with a positive and/or dose‐related trend, meaning that the systemic toxicity of the Ag nanoparticles, including liver and kidney toxicity, might be explained by extensive systemic distribution of Ag originating from the Ag nanoparticles. Our current results suggest that further study is required to identify that Ag detected outside the gastrointestinal tract were indeed a nanoparticle form or ionized form. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NBT光照法测定聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）化超氧化物歧化酶模拟物脂质体的活性

 目的 建立聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）[poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),PEOZ]修饰超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）模拟物脂质体的活性测定方法。方法 以薄膜分散法制备聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）化超氧化物歧化酶模拟物脂质体,利用氮蓝四唑（NBT）光照法对超氧化物歧化酶模拟物及聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）化超氧化物歧化酶模拟物脂质体的活性进行测定。结果 超氧化物歧化酶模拟物的抑制率曲线方程为IR%=33.421lnρ+49.715（r²=0.999 2）,IC₅₀为1.008 6×10^-3 μmol·L^-1;聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）化超氧化物歧化酶模拟物脂质体的抑制率曲线方程IR%=33.521lnρ+49.671（r²=0.999 1）,IC₅₀为1.009 9×10^-3 μmol·L^-1。结论 氮蓝四唑光照法操作简单、稳定可靠、经济实用,可用于超氧化物歧化酶模拟物聚（2-乙基-2-NFDE6唑啉）脂质体的活性测定;经脂质体包裹后超氧化物歧化酶模拟物的活性未发生变化。     

对黑布药膏两种传统制作工艺比较的研究

黑布药膏为首都医科大学附属北京中医医院皮肤科常用的醋制软膏制剂,被收入1984版北京市卫生局编制的《医疗单位制剂规程》中,由五倍子粉、蜈蚣面、冰片、蜂蜜、陈醋等制作而成。本药膏是由国内著名皮外科专家赵炳南教授研制,具有破瘀软坚散     

夜戴型角膜塑形镜矫治儿童屈光参差疗效分析

目的:观察和评价夜戴型角膜塑形镜矫治儿童屈光参差的临床效果。方法:对屈光参差患儿38例给予角膜塑形镜进行矫正。戴镜后1d;1wk;1,3,6mo;1,2,3a进行随诊,观察裸眼视力、角膜曲率、眼轴长度、裂隙灯检查有无并发症的发生。结果:戴镜后1d裸眼视力有大幅提高,在1wk后稳定。个别病例有轻微的结膜炎及点状角膜上皮剥脱,经治疗后均可恢复;角膜曲率变平,配戴角膜塑形镜前平均角膜曲率为43.42±1.17D,戴镜1wk后,平均角膜曲率为41.65±1.56D,与配戴前比降低,有统计学意义(P<0.01);戴镜1,3,6mo;1,2,3a后无明显变化,无统计学意义(P>0.05);戴镜1,2和3a后眼轴较前增长为0.18±0.13,0.22±0.11和0.25±0.10mm,与戴镜前比无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:角膜塑形镜是青少年屈光参差的首选治疗方法,它可以充分矫治屈光参差,达到双眼平衡,并且可以有效地控制近视发展,进而减小屈光参差的度数差距。     

腺苷促进体外培养神经干细胞增殖作用研究

目的研究腺苷促进体外培养神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖作用。方法取新生小鼠大脑进行神经干细胞原代培养,观察神经球生成情况,特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色和BrdU标记鉴定并判断其增殖能力;将腺苷按0.4,2.0,10.0 μmol&#8226;L 13个浓度加入神经干细胞培养基,同时设立溶媒对照组和阳性对照组,通过观察神经球形态、神经球生成数目及 MTT法定量比较,分析不同浓度腺苷对神经干细胞分裂增殖的影响。结果培养物中有大量神经球生成,神经干细胞特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色呈阳性,BrdU标记亦呈阳性反应,所培养的细胞为神经干细胞,具有增殖能力;腺苷中、高浓度组神经球数目、MTT比色结果明显高于溶媒对照组。结论腺苷具有促进NSCs增殖作用。     

半夏泻心汤药理研究最新进展

半夏泻心汤出自东汉著名医学家张仲景所撰《伤寒论》,由半夏、黄芩、黄连、炙甘草、干姜、人参、大枣7味药组成,为少阳误下成痞所设,是辛开苦降、调和脾胃阴阳的代表方剂,因其配伍精当,疗效显著,故后世广泛应用于各种消化道及其他疾病的治疗。据临床研究报道,本方对消化性溃疡、慢性浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、糜烂性胃炎、幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎、胃窦炎、胃脘痛、贲门痉挛、幽门梗阻、肠炎、腹泻、消化不良、肠易激综合征、复发     

GOS Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High Fat and High Sugar Diet through Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbes

The treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains very challenging. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS), an important prebiotic, on NAFLD through in vivo and in vitro experiments and preliminarily explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results of mouse liver lipidomics showed that GOS could promote body thermogenesis in mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD)-induced NAFLD, regulate lipolysis in liver fat cells, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS dose-dependently reduced the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in cells and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. GOS also reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a HFHSD. GOS can improve liver lipid metabolism and intestinal structure of NAFLD. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis supporting the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.