Treatment of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas： failed approaches and future strategies

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas constitute - 60%-75% of tumors found within the pediatric brainstem. These malignant lesions present with rapidly progressive symptoms such as cranial nerve, long tract, or cerebellar dysfunctions. Magnetic resonance imaging is usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis and obviates the need for surgieal biopsy in most cases. The prognosis of the disease is dismal, and the median survival is 〈 12 months. Resection is not a viable option. Standard therapy involves radiotherapy,     

Identification of side population cells from bladder cancer cells by DyeCycle Violet staining

Side population (SP) cells can be used to identify putative cancer stem cells (CSC), but this technique is hampered by the requirement for an ultraviolet (UV) laser source. DyeCycle Violet reagent (DCV) is a DNA-binding dye that can be used in the common violet laser diode (VLD)-equipped flow cytometer. In this paper, we analyzed SP cells from several bladder cancer cell lines using either Hoechst 33342 or DCV staining. The Hoechst 33342-stained SP cells were identified with a UV-equipped flow cytometer, while the DCV-stained SP cells were identified with a VLD-equipped flow cytometer. DCV staining was also used to sort SP and non-SP (NSP) cells from SW780 cells. Further analysis revealed that SP cells could give rise to both SP and NSP cells. The colony-forming ability of SP cells was significant greater than that of NSP cells. When injected into nude mice, as few as 1 x 10(3) SP cells could initiate tumors in eight of twelve injection sites. In contrast, the injection of NSP cells into nude mice failed to initiate tumors. RT-PCR data showed that the expression of ABCG2, MDRI, Bmi-1 and Oct-4 differed between SP and NSP cells, suggesting that SP cells possess some stem cell characteristics. We conclude that SP cells identified by DCV staining are capable of asymmetric division, self-renewal and tumor initiation. Our study also indicates that DCV is a useful reagent for the identification of SP cells.     

Derivation and Characterization of Hepatic Progenitor Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The derivation of hepatic progenitor cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells is of value both in the study of early human liver organogenesis and in the creation of an unlimited source of donor cells for hepatocyte transplantation therapy. Here, we report for the first time the generation of hepatic progenitor cells derived from hES cells. Hepatic endoderm cells were generated by activating FGF and BMP pathways and were then purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting using a newly identified surface marker, N-cadherin. After co-culture with STO feeder cells, these purified hepatic endoderm cells yielded hepatic progenitor colonies, which possessed the proliferation potential to be cultured for an extended period of more than 100 days. With extensive expansion, they co-expressed the hepatic marker AFP and the biliary lineage marker KRT7 and maintained bipotential differentiation capacity. They were able to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, which expressed ALB and AAT, and into cholangiocyte-like cells, which formed duct-like cyst structures, expressed KRT19 and KRT7, and acquired epithelial polarity. In conclusion, this is the first report of the generation of proliferative and bipotential hepatic progenitor cells from hES cells. These hES cell–derived hepatic progenitor cells could be effectively used as an in vitro model for studying the mechanisms of hepatic stem/progenitor cell origin, self-renewal and differentiation.     

护理本科《外科护理学》教学实践探讨

高等护理人才的培养是护理学科发展的根本保证。一名优秀的护理专业学生,必须掌握各门基础课程和专业课程。《外科护理学》是护理学的一大分支,也是护理专业的一门重要的临床专业课程,它包含了医学基础理论、外科学基础理论和护理学基础理论及技术,是一门理论紧密联系实践、临床实践检验护理理论的临床学科。针对当前社会对高等护理人才的需求,结合国内护理教学现状及我院护理专业的特点,我们在传统教学方法的基础上对护理本科《外科护理学》课程教学进行了改革和探索,取得了较好的效果。现报道如下。     

三叶因子与胃黏膜保护的研究进展

三叶因子家族是一群主要由胃肠道黏液细胞分泌的小分子多肽.其共同特征为均含一特殊的P结构域及三叶状结构.这种稳定的结构使三叶因子家族具有明显的抗蛋白酶水解、酸消化及耐热特性,因而能在消化道复杂的环境中保持生物活性.目前在哺乳动物体内发现的有pS2/TFF1、SP/TFF2和ITF/TFF3三种,它们具有黏膜保护与修复、肿瘤抑制、信号传导、调节细胞凋亡等功能.本文阐述了三叶因子家族发现的历史,并初步探讨了其作用.同时也对三叶因子受体这一热点的研究现状进行总结.     

间皮素mRNA及蛋白在卵巢癌中的表达及分析

目的 研究间皮素(MESO)在卵巢癌中的表达及意义.方法 用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术和免疫组化方法分别检测卵巢肿瘤和正常卵巢组织中MESO mRNA及其蛋白水平.结果MESO mRNA和蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌(1.4005 ±0.4646,2.7857±2.2712)和交界性卵巢肿瘤(1.0650 ±0.3100,2.9167 ±2.391)中的表达水平高于良性卵巢肿瘤(0.6463±0.2419,1.2500 ±1.6125)和正常卵巢组织(0.6439 ±0.2729,0.9167 ±1.2401),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MESOmRNA和蛋白在浆液性卵巢癌(1.5255 ±0.4151,3.3036 ±2.6141)和子宫内膜样癌(1.5250 ±0.5419,3.0000 ±2.3094)中的表达水平高于黏液样癌(1.0675±0.3149,1.0556 ±1.9242),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期MESO表达水平(1.5100 ±0.4142,3.6087 ±3.3959)高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(1.1190 ±0.4909,1.7895 ±2.6320),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).MESO表达水平与病理分级有关(P＜0.05),而与患者年龄和血清CA125水平无关(P＞0.05).结论 MESO mRNA及蛋白在卵巢癌和交界性肿瘤组表达增高,MESO可能参与卵巢癌的黏附转移.     

Utilizing NPWT improving skin graft taking in reconstruction for extended breast skin defects following mastectomy

NPWT fulfill graft taking in complex breast wounds.     

术后硬膜外镇痛对机体免疫功能的影响

目的　测定围术期外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化 ,旨在探讨术中及术后连续硬膜外镇痛对免疫功能的影响。方法　 3 2例病人随机分为 4组 ,每组 8例。Ⅰ组在全麻下、Ⅱ组在全麻复合硬膜外麻醉下行上腹部胃癌根治术 ,Ⅲ组在全麻下、Ⅳ组在全麻复合硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部全子宫切除术 ,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组术后连续硬膜外镇痛 4 8h。分别于手术日晨 ,手术切皮后 1h ,术后第 1、3、7d晨抽取患者肘部静脉血 ,测定T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+(总T淋巴细胞 )、CD4+(辅助性 /诱导性T淋巴细胞 )和CD8+(抑制性 /杀伤性T淋巴细胞 )及C 反应蛋白 (CRP)浓度。结果　Ⅰ组术后第 1d、第 3dCD4+、CD8+比术前显著下降(P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组各时间点T淋巴细胞亚群无显著改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;Ⅳ组术后第 1dCD4+表达受抑 (P <0 .0 1)。上腹部手术 (Ⅰ、Ⅱ组 )较下腹部手术 (Ⅲ、Ⅳ组 )CRP显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　上腹部手术应激反应明显 ,术中、术后硬膜外镇痛可减轻应激反应 ,有利于细胞免疫功能的稳定 ;下腹部手术应激反应轻 ,细胞免疫功能无显著改变 ,术后硬膜外镇痛无助于机体免疫功能的维护。