瑞芬太尼对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 成年健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重260～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=10):肝硬化组(C组)、肝硬化+肝缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组).C组、I/R组和R组采用四因素综合法制备大鼠肝硬化模型,I/R组和R组在肝硬化模型制备成功后1周制备大鼠70％肝脏缺血再灌注模型,R组于缺血前10 min开始静脉输注瑞芬太尼1μg·kg-1·min-至再灌注结束.于再灌注4h时取静脉血样和肝组织,测定血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达及肝细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡指数,光镜下观察肝组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,I/R组血清ALT和AST的活性升高,肝细胞Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调,细胞凋亡指数升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,R组血清ALT和AST的活性降低,肝细胞Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调,细胞凋亡指数降低(P＜0.05).R组肝组织病理学损伤轻于I/R组.结论 瑞芬太尼可减轻肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与平衡肝细胞Bcl-2与Bax表达而抑制肝细胞凋亡有关.     

Concomitant ablation of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral valve surgery

Objective

Efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in rheumatic mitral valve disease has been regarded inferior to that in nonrheumatic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate net clinical benefits by the addition of concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation in rheumatic mitral valve surgery.

散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变的研究

目的检测BRCA1和BRCA2基因在散发性乳腺癌中的突变情况,探讨BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变与乳腺癌的关系。方法选取2000年12月至2005年9月收治的144例乳腺癌患者标本作实验组,另取非癌乳腺组织标本30例作对照组。用酚-氯仿抽提法提取DNA。针对各个外显子的碱基序列特征,设计有助于筛查基因碱基突变的聚合酶链反应（PCR）引物。每例DNA标本均用PCR扩增BRCA1基因的全部22个外显子和BRCA2基因的exon10和exon14两个外显子。分别将每例外显子的PCR扩增产物进行单链构象多态性分析,对泳动变位或出现异常区带的PCR扩增产物进行DNA测序。结果对照组未检测出BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变,实验组中检测出20例BRCA1基因碱基改变,总突变率为13．9％,其中错义突变率为11．1％。BRCA2基因exon10和exon14未检测出突变。结论BBCA1突变与乳腺癌密切相关,筛查BRCA1基因突变对于中国人群乳腺癌患病风险评估、早期诊断及基因治疗具有重要意义。     

肾移植后血浆左卡尼汀群含量与肌酐清除率的相关性★

目的：目前临床上常采用血清肌酐清除率作为肾脏功能的检测指标。血浆卡尼汀群的代谢主要由肾脏滤过排除，因此肾脏功能可直接影响血浆卡尼汀群水平。考察同种异体肾移植术后患者血清肌酐清除率与血浆左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和丙酰左卡尼汀含量的关系。 方法：①选择2006-09/2007-01于青岛大学医学院附属烟台毓璜顶医院器官移植中心行同种异体肾移植的患者30例。②用高效液相色谱荧光检测方法测定术前及术后10 d，30 d血浆样本中左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和丙酰左卡尼汀的含量。③观察肾移植前后血浆左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和丙酰左卡尼汀含量的变化，并与血清肌酐清除率作相关性分析。 结果：30例肾移植患者全部进入结果分析。①肾移植后10 d，30 d患者血浆左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀含量及肌酐清除率均高于术前（P < 0.05~0.01），但血浆丙酰左卡尼汀含量未见明显改变（P > 0.05）。②肾移植术后10 d，30 d患者血浆左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀含量与肌酐清除率均呈负相关（P < 0.05），丙酰左卡尼汀与肌酐清除率无相关性（P > 0.05）。 结论：肾移植术后血清肌酐清除率与血浆左卡尼汀，乙酰左卡尼汀含量密切相关，与丙酰左卡尼汀没有相关性。     

Low-intensity treadmill exercise and/or bright light promote neurogenesis in adult rat brain

The hippocampus is a brain region responsible for learning and memory functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise and bright light exposure on neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in adult rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, exercise, light, or exercise + light groups (n = 9 per group). The rats in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise (5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, over a 4-week period), the light group rats were irradiated (5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, 10 000 lx, over a 4-week period), the exercise + light group rats were subjected to treadmill exercise in combination with bright light exposure, and the control group rats remained sedentary over a 4-week period. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats in the exercise, light, and exercise + light groups. Moreover, the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly higher in the exercise group and light group than that in the control group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression between the control group and exercise + light group. These results indicate that low-intensity treadmill exercise (first 5 minutes at a speed of 2 m/min, second 5 minutes at a speed of 5 m/min, and the last 20 minutes at a speed of 8 m/min) or bright-light exposure therapy induces positive biochemical changes in the brain. In view of these findings, we propose that moderate exercise or exposure to sunlight during childhood can be beneficial for neural development.     

The impact of cataract on the quantitative,non‐invasive assessment of retinal blood Flow

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of cataract on the quantitative, non‐invasive assessment of retinal blood flow assessed by bidirectional laser Doppler flowmetry and simultaneous vessel densitometry. Methodology: Ten patients scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between the ages of 61 and 84 (mean age 73 years, SD ± 8) were prospectively recruited. Two visits were required to complete the study; one visit prior to extracapsular cataract extraction and one at least 6 weeks after the surgery to allow for sufficient postoperative recovery. The severity of cataract was documented using the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS, III) at the first visit. Retinal arteriolar hemodynamics were measured at both visits using the high‐intensity setting of the Canon Laser Blood Flowmeter. Results: All eyes showed no clinical signs of postoperative intraocular inflammation. The quantitative assessment of retinal arteriolar diameter and blood flow were reduced following extracapsular cataract extraction (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p = 0.022 and p = 0.028, respectively); however, centreline blood velocity was not significantly changed (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p = 0.074). Intraocular pressure was unchanged pre‐ and postcataract extraction. Conclusions: Retinal vessel densitometry assessment in the presence of cataract results in the erroneous elevation of the diameter measurement and thereby the calculation of blood flow. The bidirectional Doppler assessment of blood velocity appears to be more robust to light scatter induced by cataract. Care needs to be exercised in the interpretation of studies of retinal vessel diameter or blood flow that utilize similar densitometry techniques.     

医院感染监控系统的设计与实践

针对院内感染监测管理面临的问题,开发了一套医院感染管理监控系统软件.该系统嵌入医院HIS系统中,实现了全院范围内医院感染的前瞻性监测及环节质量控制,可及时监控耐药菌在院内的传播和流行以及抗菌药物合理应用的分线管理和围手术期用药的疗程控制.文章还对软件功能和应用效果进行了探讨,并对软件功能的进一步研发进行了展望.     

Effect of endogenous and synthetic antioxidants on hydrogen peroxide-induced guinea-pig colon contraction

Objectives and design

The effects of the endogenous antioxidant α-lipoic acid on guinea pig colon smooth muscle contraction (Gpcc) induced by hydrogen peroxide were examined. Having previously shown that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) benzamide inhibitor MGCD0103 inhibits guinea-pig smooth muscle contraction, as do various sulfur-containing antioxidants, we asked whether hybrid compounds possessing both α-lipoic acid-derived antioxidant properties and HDAC inhibitory activity could inhibit Gpcc.

Materials and methods

Guinea pig colon (Gpc) was incubated at 37°C with Krebs buffer; the four stimulants—hydrogen peroxide, carbachol, histamine, and sodium fluoride—were added independently. The response to each stimulant alone was compared with that in the presence of each of the test compounds: MGCD0103, α-lipoic acid, and two of their hybrids, UCL M084 and UCL M109.

Results

NaF (10 mM), carbachol (0.05 μM), histamine (0.1 μM), and hydrogen peroxide (1 μM) produced Gpcc of about 50–60% above basal level. With the exception of MGCD0103 against hydrogen peroxide, all four test compounds at 1 μM—MGCD0103, α-lipoic acid, UCL M084, and UCL M109—produced a significant inhibition of 35–60% of Gpcc induced by hydrogen peroxide, NaF, and carbachol, although none reduced histamine or ovalbumin-induced Gpcc. Benzalkonium chloride (Bcl), a G-protein inhibitor, reduced the hydrogen peroxide-induced Gpcc by 35%.

Conclusions

Contraction by stimulants used to induce Gpcc is known to involve G-proteins. All four test compounds—MGCD0103, α-lipoic acid and two of their hybrids, UCL M084 and UCL M109—reduced Gpcc induced by NaF and carbachol, suggesting that G-protein pathway involvement is relevant to the action of the test compounds, as is also indicated by the Bcl-induced inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced contractions. Additionally, α-lipoic acid and the two hybrids showed >30% inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced contractions, consistent with the antioxidant properties of the 1,2-dithiolane ring.