GCN5调控sublytic C5b⁃9诱导大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达Cyclin D1及致SOX9的乙酰化修饰

目的：探讨GCN5调控sublytic C5b?9刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（glomerular mesangial cell,GMC）诱导Cyclin D1基因表达以及GCN5乙酰化修饰SOX9转录因子的作用。方法：先用Western blot检测Thy?1肾炎（Thy?1 nephritis,Thy?1N）大鼠的肾组织和sublytic C5b?9 刺激的GMC中GCN5、SOX9和Cyclin D1的表达。然后分别将pIRES2?GCN5过表达和shGCN5小干扰质粒或将这些质粒与Cyclin D1启动子质粒行不同组合转染GMC,用荧光素酶报告基因实验和real?time PCR、Western blot检测过表达或沉默GCN5后对Cyclin D1表达的影响。同时用免疫共沉淀（Co?IP）和Western blot检测sublytic C5b?9刺激或分别转染GCN5过表达和酶活性突变质粒（ΔGCN5）的GMC中SOX9的乙酰化修饰。结果：Thy?1N大鼠肾组织和sublytic C5b?9刺激的GMC中GCN5、SOX9、Cyclin D1蛋白水平均明显上调,而过表达GCN5基因能上调Cyclin D1的启动子活性、mRNA和蛋白表达;敲低GCN5表达则得到了相反的结果。此外,sublytic C5b?9刺激和过表达GCN5基因促进了SOX9的乙酰化修饰,而沉默GCN5后则降低了SOX9的乙酰化水平。结论：GCN5可上调GMC中Cyclin D1的表达,并促进SOX9的乙酰化修饰。     

Two possible cases of Trichosporon infections in bone-marrow-transplanted children: the first case of T. japonicum isolated from clinical specimens

Trichosporon spp. are emerging as opportunistic agents that cause systemic diseases in immunocompromised hosts. Trichosporonosis carries a poor prognosis in neutropenic patients. Trichosporon japonicum was isolated from the air and named by Sugita et al. Here we present the first case of T. japonicum isolated from a clinical specimen. Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia who had Trichosporon isolates are discussed because of their rarity and growing importance. T. asahii was isolated from the throat, feces and urine of the first patient. T. japonicum was isolated from the sputum of the second patient. Both cases produced high MICs to itraconazole, and low MICs to fluconazole and voriconazole. In virulance factor investigations there was (++) biofilm formation in T. japonicum but not in T. asahii. Conventional mycological studies were not adequate for the identification of the isolate at the species level. In our second case as in the first one, the isolate was identified as T. asahii with 99.9% accuracy by API 20C AUX. Although two T. asahii isolates from the same patient yielded identical typing profiles by arbitrary primed-PCR, the isolates of the two different patients showed different arbitrary primed-PCR typing profiles. However, the genetic identification of the other patient's strain gave the result of T. japonicum.     

Effect of oral administration of kefir on serum proinflammatory cytokines on 5-FU induced oral mucositis in patients with colorectal cancer

Summary  In order to investigate the effect of kefir consumption on mucositis induced by 5-FU based chemotherapy (CT), we monitored the systemic immune response by measurement of the serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and we evaluated the anti-microbial effect of kefir with an agar diffusion method. Forty patients with colorectal cancer were included in this randomized prospective study. On the first 5 days of each CT cycle, the study group received oral lavage with kefir and then swallowed 250 ml of kefir while control group received oral lavage with 0.09% NaCl twice a day. Before and after every cycle of CT, the oral mucosa was assessed. Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated before the initiation and after the third and the sixth cycle. Kefir was administered in 99 out of 205 courses. Mucositis developed in 27.3% of the courses given with kefir administration and in 21.7% of the courses given with 0.9% NaCl oral rinses. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). When we compared the serum proinflammatory cytokine levels of the two groups at the baseline and following the third and the sixth cycles, we again found no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Kefir consumption at the mentioned doses made no statistically significant effect on serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and on the incidence of mucositis development in cancer patients. Under in vitro conditions, kefir inhibits only Staphylococcus epidermidis.     

96例浆膜腔积液中的(ATM)结果分析

目的本文对96例浆膜腔积液患者进行ATM(活动性结核标志物)、PCR、PPD检测进行结果分析比较,探讨ATM对结核性浆膜腔积液检测的效果。方法96例浆膜腔积液病例全为我院住院及门诊患者,60例结核性浆膜腔积液根据结核病诊断标准确诊病例。ATM检测应用单向免疫扩散法,PCR用罗氏扩增仪检测。结果ATM与PCR无明显差异,ATM与PPD有明显差异。讨论ATM、PCR、PPD之间有明显差异,ATM检测与PCR无差异但时间短、收费低、稳定性好,在结核性浆膜腔积液诊断上具有较好的意义。     

质谱导向的肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中环肽类成分研究

目的 以质谱为导向对肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中的环肽类成分进行研究。方法 采用质谱引导的程序性分离手段定向追踪并分离纯化海绵中的环肽类成分;通过理化常数测定、波谱数据比对确定化合物结构;利用CCK-8法对化合物进行初步细胞毒活性评价。结果 从肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中分离获得3个环肽类化合物,分别鉴定为stylopeptide 1 (1)、hymenamide D (2)、axinastatin 2 (3)。化合物1对6种人肿瘤细胞株具有细胞毒性,IC₅₀值范围为6.09 ~ 17.26 μmol/L。结论 化合物1 ~ 3首次分离自Reniochalina属海绵,化合物1是细胞毒性环七肽。     

基于离散小波变换的多模态医学图像融合改进算法的研究

目的：提出一种改进的离散小波变换算法,并将其用于多模态医学图像融合。方法将源图像经过离散小波变换分解为高频和低频子图像;高频部分采用方向绝对值取大,能有效地保存图像的细节信息,低频部分使用区域能量比融合规则,保存了图像的绝大部分信息;用离散小波逆变换将融合子图像重构成融合图像。结果由3组医学图像融合效果比较可知,该算法在主观视觉效果和客观评价指标方面均优于现存的其他算法。结论该医学图像融合算法快速准确,在噪声环境和临床实例中均表现优越,可以获得较高质量的融合图像,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

万古霉素治疗药物监测经济学评价的系统评价

摘 要 目的：更新万古霉素治疗药物监测（TDM）经济学研究的系统评价并评价纳入的经济学研究的质量。方法：检索PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database,Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry,中国知网（CNKI）, 万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）等数据库,检索词仅使用“vancomycin”,2014年1月初次检索,2015年7月更新结果。纳入对万古霉素TDM成本及经济学效益评价的研究。分析TDM的投资回报（ROI）及原始研究所报告的经济学结局。结果：初筛获得67 724篇文献,其中5篇研究满足入选标准。对于恶性血液病、癌症、合并使用具有肾毒性药物、重症监护的患者,万古霉素TDM具有经济学效益,ROI（范围）分别为5.82,1.25(0.07,1.57),0.34(-0.15,5.66),1.02(-0.1,3.12）。对于肾功能正常且未合并使用其他具有肾毒性药物、肾功能稳定、总体使用万古霉素的患者,万古霉素TDM不具经济学效益,ROI（范围）分别为-1.00,-0.30,-0.55(-0.59,-0.25)。结论：万古霉素TDM是否具有经济学效益取决于患者的肾功能及合并疾病情况。万古霉素相关肾毒性发生风险较高的患者可能从TDM中获益。然而,可获得的证据质量较低,TDM的价值需要设计完好的经济学评价研究进一步验证。     

Metabonomic analysis of quercetin against the toxicity of chronic exposure to a mixture of four organophosphate pesticides in rat plasma

1.?A metabonomics approach was performed to investigate the effect of quercetin on the toxicity of chronic exposure to a mixture of four organophosphate pesticides (OPs) at their corresponding no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). The rats were divided into six groups (n?=?10/group): control, two different doses of quercetin, OPs mixture and different doses of quercetin plus OPs mixture-treated groups.

2.?Nine metabolites, including two quercetin metabolites and seven endogenous metabolites were identified in plasma. The intensities of metabolites significantly changed in the OP mixture-treated group compared with the control group (p?<?0.01), such as lysoPE (16:0/0:0), lysoPC (17:0/0:0), lysoPC (15:0/0:0) and 4-pyridoxic acid, significantly increased; by contrast, the intensities of arachidonic acid and citric acid significantly decreased. Anomalous intensity changes in aforementioned metabolites were alleviated in the OP mixture plus 50?mg/kg?bw/d quercetin-treated group compared with the OP mixture-treated group (p?<?0.05).

3.?The results indicated that quercetin elicited partial protective effects against the toxicity induced by a mixture of OPs, which include regulation of lipid metabolism, improvement of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle disorders, enhancement of antioxidant defence system to protect the liver.     

Comparison of the corneal biomechanical properties,optic nerve head topographic parameters,and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements in diabetic and non-diabetic primary open-angle glaucoma

The purpose of this study is to investigate the corneal biomechanical properties, optic nerve head (ONH) topographic parameters, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with and without diabetes, as well as to evaluate the effect of the metabolic control of diabetes on corneal biomechanical properties, ONH topography, and RNFL thickness. A total of 101 eyes of 101 POAG patients (60 with diabetes and 41 without diabetes) were recruited in this prospective study. Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were both measured using the ocular response analyzer. Optic disk parameters were evaluated using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph-III. RNFL thickness was measured by using Spectralis HRA + OCT. CRF, mean rim area, and rim volume were found to be significantly higher in the diabetic group when compared with non-diabetic group (p = 0.01 for CRF, p = 0.04 for rim area and p = 0.02 for rim volume). ANCOVA analysis showed statistically insignificant effects of age, gender, MD, and PSD values over rim area and rim volume (p > 0.05). CRF was not significantly correlated with HbA1c levels (p > 0.05). Cup area (CA), cup volume (CV), and cup shape measure (CSM) were weakly correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.35 and p = 0.006 for CA; r = 0.32 and p = 0.01 for CV; r = 0.32 and p = 0.01 for CSM). The difference in mean RNFL thickness values between the groups was found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). The results of this study raise doubts whether or not diabetes does in fact shield POAG patients from glaucomatous optic nerve damage from various perspectives.