超声介入医师训练实时影像虚拟导航系统辅助肝癌消融的学习曲线分析

目的分析超声介入医师行实时影像虚拟导航系统（RVS）辅助肝癌消融的学习曲线。 方法回顾性分析2018年10月至2019年9月就诊于浙江中医药大学附属杭州市西溪医院的,由同一名具有5年以上超声引导下肝癌消融经验的医师,行RVS引导下辅助肝癌消融的第1~60例肝癌患者资料。按照治疗顺序分为A、B、C组,每组各20例。采用方差分析比较各组间RVS术前融合时间和肿瘤消融时间的差异,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验;采用Fisher确切概率法分析患者组间肿瘤1次性消融成功率和术后1个月肿瘤的完全灭活率的差异。绘制RVS辅助肝癌消融的术前融合时间曲线图。 结果A组的RVS术前融合时间、肿瘤消融时间明显大于B组及C组［（20.9±6.7）min vs （9.7±1.2）min vs （9.6±2.7）min;（23.1±7.9）min vs （19.6±5.0）min vs （19.2±3.7）min］,差异具有统计学意义（t=7.4,P＜0.001;t=1.9,P=0.035）,B组与C组之间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;A组的肿瘤1次性消融成功率［74.1%（20/27）］小于B组［96.4%（27/28）］和C组［96.4%（27/28）］,差异具有统计学意义（P均=0.025）,B组与C组之间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3组RVS辅助肝癌消融术后1个月肿瘤完全灭活率比较［92.6%（25/27） vs 92.9%（26/28） vs 92.9%（26/28）］,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。操作者积累约20例患者后,术前融合时间趋于稳定,学习进入平台期。 结论对于期望熟练掌握RVS辅助肝癌消融的介入医师,操作者积累约20例患者RVS辅助肝癌消融可以明显缩短术前融合时间和肿瘤消融时间,提高融合精准度、团队契合度及肿瘤1次性消融成功率,之后学习曲线进入平台期。     

Synergistic effect of Ni–Ag–rutile TiO2 ternary nanocomposite for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

P25 comprising of mixed anatase and rutile phases is known to be highly photocatalytically active compared to the individual phases. Using a facile wet chemical method, we demonstrate a ternary nanocomposite consisting of Ni and Ag nanoparticles, decorated on the surface of XTiO₂ (X: P25, rutile (R)) as an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Contrary to the current perspective, RTiO₂-based Ni–Ag–RTiO₂ shows the highest activity with the H₂ evolution rate of ∼86 μmol g⁻¹ W⁻¹ h⁻¹@535 nm. Together with quantitative assessment of active Ni, Ag and XTiO₂ in these ternary systems using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping evidences the metal to semiconductor contact via Ag. The robust photocatalytic activity is attributed to the improved visible light absorption, as noted by the observed band edge of ∼2.67 eV corroborating well with the occurrence of Ti³⁺ in Ti 2p XPS. The effective charge separation due to intimate contact between Ni and RTiO₂via Ag is further evidenced by the plasmon loss peak in Ag 3d XPS. Moreover, density functional theory calculations revealed enhanced adsorption of H₂ on Ti₈O₁₆ clusters when both Ag and Ni are simultaneously present, owing to the hybridization of the metal atoms with d orbitals of Ti and p orbitals of O leading to enhanced bonding characteristics, as substantiated by the density of states. Additionally, the variation in the electronegativity in Bader charge analysis indicates the possibility of hydrogen evolution at the Ni sites, in agreement with the experimental observations.

Robust photocatalytic activity of Ni–Ag–RTiO₂ is attributed to the improved visible light absorption and effective charge separation due to intimate contact between Ni and RTiO₂via Ag, as evidenced by Ti³⁺ in Ti 2p XPS and energy dispersive mapping.     

Facile construction of Fe,N and P co-doped carbon spheres by carbothermal strategy for the adsorption and reduction of U(vi)

In this work, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped magnetic carbon spheres encapsulating well-dispersed active Fe nanocrystals (Fe/P-CN) were fabricated via a simple copolymer pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from heteroatoms doping, Fe/P-CN could primarily adsorb soluble U(vi) ions through abundant functional groups, and subsequently, the adsorbed U(vi) could be reduced to insoluble U(iv) by Fe nanocrystals. Fe/P-CN pyrolyzed at 800 °C (Fe/P-CN-800) exhibited excellent U(vi) removal capacity of 306.76 mg g⁻¹, surpassing nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon spheres and nano zero-valent iron. In addition, the magnetic separation and thermal reactivation properties endow Fe/P-CN-800 with excellent reusability. This research, especially, provides a promising synergistic adsorption and reduction strategy to effectively remove U(vi) using heteroatom-doped composites.

The constructed novel magnetic carbon sphere co-doped by N, P, Fe (Fe/P-CN) exhibits high U(vi) removal efficiency, excellent magnetic separation and reusability, evidencing the potential practical applications in environmental remediation.     

Improved food additive analysis by ever-increasing nanotechnology

Improper use of food additives may lead to potential threat to human health, making it important to develop sensitive and selective method for their detection. Nanomaterials with unique chemical and electrochemical properties show extensive applications in the design of food additive sensing systems. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted electrochemical and optical analysis of food additives based on nanomaterials. Detection of typical food additives (colorants and preservatives) by using different sensing mechanisms and strategies are provided. In addition, determination of illegal food additives is also briefly introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend of nanomaterial-based food analysis system.     

Resveratrol protects human bronchial epithelial cells against nickel‐induced toxicity via suppressing p38 MAPK,NF‐κB signaling,and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Nickel is a common environmental pollutant that can impair the lung, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, natural products are generally used to inhibit cell damage induced by heavy metal. Resveratrol possesses wide biological activities, including anti‐inflammation and antioxidative stress. This study was conducted to explore the toxicity of nickel on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‐2B) cells and evaluate the protective effect of resveratrol. The results showed that nickel could induce cell apoptosis, increase oxidative stress, and promote the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, C‐reaction protein. Western blot analysis showed that nickel activated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor‐kappa B, and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor pyrin‐domain‐containing protein 3 pathways, while resveratrol could reverse these effects. Our results suggested that resveratrol could protect BEAS‐2B cells from nickel‐induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, resveratrol is a potential chemopreventive agent against nickel‐induced lung disease.     

腹盆腔放疗诱发肠道微生态失调与肠源性感染的实验研究

目的 探索腹盆腔放疗照射对肠道微生态的影响及其与肠源性感染的关系。方法 模拟腹盆腔放疗照射BALB/c小鼠,2.0 Gy/d,连续照射5 d/周,分别于照射3周、5周和6周后停照1周的时间点收集回肠组织及其内容物样本。用实时定量RT-PCR检测抗菌肽和促炎性因子的表达;用PCR检测细菌在小鼠体内的移位情况;用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术检测分析肠道微生态的特征。结果 腹盆腔照射诱发了肠道潘氏细胞隐窝素-1和-4表达紊乱,照射3周或照射6周后停照1周,小鼠回肠隐窝素-1和-4均呈现显著性降低(t=-7.43、-3.54、-4.72、-4.27,P<0.05);而照射5周小鼠回肠隐窝素-1和-4表达明显升高(t=6.15、5.75,P<0.05)。放疗模拟照射3和5周时小鼠肠道微生物区系多样性指数和丰富度显著降低(t=-3.49、-4.19、-3.44、-4.97,P<0.05),呈现以乳酸杆菌等益生菌减少,大肠杆菌和弗氏志贺氏菌等条件致病菌增多为特征的微生态失调。受照小鼠肠系膜淋巴结和血液中的细菌DNA阳性率明显增高。照射3和5周后回肠组织IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α显著性高表达(t=4.85、6.16、7.71、4.60、4.86、5.97,P<0.05);照射6周后停照1周时,肠道促炎性因子的表达量有所回落,但IL-1β和TNF-α的表达量仍显著性高表达(t=3.67、5.88,P<0.05)。结论 腹盆腔放疗可诱发肠道抗菌肽表达紊乱,引起肠道微生态失调,进而导致肠源性细菌移位及感染性炎症的发生。微生态可能成为减轻放疗患者消化道不良反应的有效干预靶点。     

多次精液优化对IUI成功率的影响

目的探讨多次精液优化对宫腔内人工授精(IUI)成功率的影响。方法回顾分析我院生殖医学中心41例多次精液优化人工授精周期,分析多次精液优化对妊娠率的影响。结果 41例多次精液优化人工授精周期妊娠率为29.27%,对照组为11.62%,两组临床妊娠率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多次精液优化人工授精是一种可以提高人工授精周期妊娠率的方法,具有积极的临床意义。     

2型糖尿病患者血清IGF-1水平与颈动脉粥样斑块的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平与双侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法应用超声检测186例患者双侧颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度,根据超声检查结果将其分为:(1)A组(颈动脉粥样硬化斑块阳性的T2DM患者)96例;(2)B组(颈动脉粥样硬化斑块阴性的T2DM患者)90例。并采用免疫放射分析法检测两组患者的血清IGF-1水平。结果 A组患者的血清IGF-1水平与B组比较显著降低,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);T2DM患者血清IGF-1水平与双侧颈动脉粥样斑块的程度呈显著负相关(r=0.649,P<0.01)。结论 IGF-1参与了T2DM大血管病变的发生、发展,IGF-1水平与颈动脉粥样斑块程度密切相关。     

Can Cytoprotective Cobalt Protoporphyrin Protect Skeletal Muscle and Muscle-derived Stem Cells From Ischemic Injury?

Background

Extremity trauma is the most common injury seen in combat hospitals as well as in civilian trauma centers. Major skeletal muscle injuries that are complicated by ischemia often result in substantial muscle loss, residual disability, or even amputation, yet few treatment options are available. A therapy that would increase skeletal muscle tolerance to hypoxic damage could reduce acute myocyte loss and enhance preservation of muscle mass in these situations.

Questions/purposes

In these experiments, we investigated (1) whether cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a pharmacologic inducer of cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), would upregulate HO-1 expression and activity in skeletal muscle, tested in muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs); and (2) whether CoPP exposure would protect MDSCs from cell death during in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation. Then, using an in vivo mouse model of hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined (3) whether CoPP pharmacotherapy would reduce skeletal muscle damage when delivered after injury; and (4) whether it would alter the host inflammatory response to injury.

Methods

MDSCs were exposed in vitro to a single dose of 25 μΜ CoPP and harvested over 24 to 96 hours, assessing HO-1 protein expression by Western blot densitometry and HO-1 enzyme activity by cGMP levels. To generate hypoxia/reoxygenation stress, MDSCs were treated in vitro with phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle), CoPP, or CoPP plus an HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), and then subjected to 5 hours of hypoxia (< 0.5% O₂) followed by 24 hours of reoxygenation and evaluated for apoptosis. In vivo, hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced in mice by unilateral 2-hour tourniquet application followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. In three postinjury treatment groups (n = 7 mice/group), CoPP was administered intraperitoneally during ischemia, at the onset of reperfusion, or 1 hour later. Two control groups of mice with the same injury received phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) or the HO-1 inhibitor, SnPP. Myocyte damage in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles was determined by uptake of intraperitoneally delivered Evans blue dye (EBD), quantified by image analysis. On serial sections, inflammation was gauged by the mean myeloperoxidase staining intensity per unit area over the entirety of each muscle.

Results

In MDSCs, a single exposure to CoPP increased HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity, both of which were sustained for 96 hours. CoPP treatment of MDSCs reduced apoptotic cell populations by 55% after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (from a mean of 57.3% apoptotic cells in vehicle-treated controls to 25.7% in CoPP-treated cells, mean difference 31.6%; confidence interval [CI], 28.1–35.0; p < 0.001). In the hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion model, CoPP delivered during ischemia produced a 38% reduction in myocyte damage in the gastrocnemius muscle (from 86.4% ± 7% EBD⁺ myofibers in vehicle-treated, injured controls to 53.2% EBD⁺ in CoPP-treated muscle, mean difference 33.2%; 95% CI, 18.3, 48.4; p < 0.001). A 30% reduction in injury to the gastrocnemius was seen with drug delivery at the onset of reperfusion (to 60.6% ± 13% EBD⁺ with CoPP treatment, mean difference 25.8%; CI, 12.2–39.4; p < 0.001). In the tibialis anterior, however, myocyte damage was decreased only when CoPP was given at the onset of reperfusion, resulting in a 27% reduction in injury (from 78.8% ± 8% EBD⁺ myofibers in injured controls to 58.3% ± 14% with CoPP treatment, mean difference 20.5%; CI, 6.1–35.0; p = 0.004). Delaying CoPP delivery until 1 hour after tourniquet release obviated the protective effect in both muscles. Mean MPO staining intensity per unit area, indicating the host inflammatory response, decreased by 27–34% across both the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles when CoPP was given either during ischemia or at the time of reperfusion. Delaying drug delivery until 1 hour after the start of reperfusion abrogated this antiinflammatory effect.

Conclusions

CoPP can decrease skeletal muscle damage when given early in the course of ischemia/reperfusion injury and also provide protection for regenerative stem cell populations.

Clinical Relevance

Pharmacotherapy with HO-1 inducers, delivered in the field, on hospital arrival, or during trauma surgery, may improve preservation of muscle mass and muscle-inherent stem cells after severe ischemic limb injury.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4332-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.