下颌下入路手术治疗Hangman骨折的解剖与临床应用

目的：探讨下颌下入路手术的解剖要点及其治疗Hangman骨折的临床疗效。方法对5具成人新鲜尸体标本下颌下区的重要血管和神经进行解剖观察,并测量舌下神经与喉上神经内侧支之间纵向的最短距离;其中男3具、女2具,年龄39~62岁,均排除颈椎相关疾病病史。回顾分析2006年12月—2012年1月第二军医大学附属长征医院脊柱外科采用下颌下入路手术治疗21例Hangman骨折患者的临床资料,其中男14例、女7例,年龄27~59岁;根据Levine-Edward分型,Ⅱ型骨折18例,Ⅱa型骨折2例,Ⅲ型1例。结果下颌下入路的相关重要解剖结构在尸体解剖中得以充分显露,舌下神经与喉上神经内侧支之间纵向的最短距离为（21．7±3．1) mm,通过适当牵拉能够充分暴露C2、C3水平,满足Hangman骨折手术治疗操作要求。21例临床病例随访（21．3±8．1)个月,骨折愈合均良好,术后神经症状及颈肩部疼痛程度均较术前明显改善,JOA 改善率为64．9%。1例术中减压过程中出现脑脊液漏,术中行明胶海绵及Surgiflo填塞处理,术后常压引流3 d未引出脑脊液,引流拔除后手术切口愈合良好;1例术后出现声音嘶哑症状,2个月后自行恢复。结论下颌下入路可充分显露手术内固定治疗Hangman骨折所需的手术节段,手术疗效满意。熟知下颌下三角区域解剖结构、重要神经血管的走行是手术成功、减少手术并发症发生的关键因素。     

Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes promote tumor progression by increasing the ability of 3LL tumor cells to mediate MDSC chemoattraction via Fas signaling

The Fas/FasL system transmits intracellular apoptotic signaling, inducing cell apoptosis. However, Fas signaling also exerts non-apoptotic functions in addition to inducing tumor cell apoptosis. For example, Fas signaling induces lung cancer tumor cells to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induce and express high levels of FasL, but the effects of Fas activation initiated by FasL in CTLs on apoptosis-resistant tumor cells remain largely unclear. We purified activated CD8⁺ T cells from OT-1 mice, evaluated the regulatory effects of Fas activation on tumor cell escape and investigated the relevant mechanisms. We found that CTLs induced tumor cells to secrete PGE2 and increase tumor cell-mediated chemoattraction of MDSCs via Fas signaling, which was favorable to tumor growth. Our results indicate that CTLs may participate in the tumor immune evasion process. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel mechanism by which CTLs play a role in tumor escape. Our findings implicate a strategy to enhance the antitumor immune response via reduction of negative immune responses to tumors promoted by CTLs through Fas signaling.     

Tryptophan-induced pathogenesis of breast cancer

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of breast cancer remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the pathogenesis of breast cancer through targeted metabolomics of amino acids components in serum of patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients with breast cancers were enrolled in our hospital between year January 1^st, 2013 and December 31^st, 2014. Targeted analysis of amino acids was performed using ESI-QTOF-MS instrument. In vitro experiment was performed to determine the influence of tryptophan towards interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion by CD4+ T cell.ResultsTargeted metabolomics of amino acids showed that the level of tryptophan significantly (p<0.05) increased in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the biological function of tryptophan was determined through determining the influence of tryptophan towards IL-10 secretion using in vitro method. The addition of tryptophan (100 uM) in the cell medium can significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-10 by CD4+ T cells, as indicated by the mRNA level and protein concentration.ConclusionThe inhibition of IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells is a potential pathogenesis of breast cancer.     

Expression of ITGB1 predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer: a large prospective study based on tissue microarray

Background: ITGB1 is a heterodimeric cell-surface receptor involved in cell functions such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival. The aim of this study was to assess ITGB1 expression in colorectal cancer and correlate it with clinicopathological features, as well as to evaluate its potential prognostic significance. Materials and methods: In this study, we examined the expression of ITGB1 using tissue microarrays containing analyzed specimens by immunohistochemistry. ITGB1 expression was further correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic data. The prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. A multivariate study with the Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the prognostic aspects. Results: ITGB1 expression was present in 88.5% of the analyzed specimens. Significant differences in ITGB1 expression were found between normal mucosa and carcinomas (P<0.001). High ITGB1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, and it independently correlated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients (P<0.001). More so, ITGB1 expression, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Additionally, significant differences in ITGB1 expression were observed in adenomas and tumors from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis compared to normal colon mucosa (P<0.05) Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ITGB1 overexpression in colorectal tumors is associated with poor prognosis, as well as aggressive clinicopathological features. Therefore, ITGB1 expression could be used as potential prognostic predictor in colorectal cancer patients.     

早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现及误诊分析

目的探讨早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现,进一步提高该病的影像诊断水平,减少误诊。方法回顾性分析68例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线片。结果 68例早期乳腺癌发生于致密腺体型14例,多量腺体型21例,少量腺体型23例,脂肪型10例。X线表现为微小钙化25例(36.76%),肿块影23例(33.82%),结构紊乱9例(13.23%),局部密度增高影5例(7.35%),乳管造影异常3例(4.41%),血管增粗3例(4.41%)。其中有15例发生误诊(22.06%)。结论早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线征象不典型,诊断易受腺体类型的影响,影像与临床紧密结合可有效减少误诊。     

氢质子核磁波谱对儿童热性惊厥脑异常检出和预后评估的价值分析

目的探讨氢质子核磁波谱（H1-MRS）检查对儿童热性惊厥（FS）的脑实质异常的检测效率,及其用于预测临床预后的价值。 方法选择中山市人民医院普通儿科自2017年3月至2018年5月收治的38例FS患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均进行颅脑MRI及H1-MRS检查,比较MRI和H1-MRS检查对FS患儿颅内异常检出效率差异。根据H1-MRS结果计算代谢物质氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）/[肌酸（Cr）+磷酸肌酸（Cho）]、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值,然后根据患儿出现临床不良预后情况分为有不良临床预后组和无不良临床预后组,比较2组患儿间NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异,并分析其对预后的评估价值。 结果38例FS患儿中,MRI检出颅脑异常情况有23例,H1-MRS检出颅脑异常情况有32例,异常情况检出率比较差异具有统计学意义（χ²=5.330,P=0.021）。13例FS患儿出现不良临床预后,有不良临床预后组患儿中表现为复杂型的比率高于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。有不良临床预后组患儿的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值均小于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。绘制NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值对预测不良临床预后ROC曲线,其相应的曲线下面积分别为0.848、0.774、0.797。 结论H1-MRS检查对FS患儿脑实质异常的检出率高于MRI检查,且H1-MRS结果计算所得的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值在FS患儿中显著降低,其中,NAA/（Cr+Cho）值对患儿的预后具有较好的预测价值。     

中国南方与北方地区2013-2018年骨质疏松流行病学对比分析

目的对比分析我国南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松的流行病学特点。 方法利用万方数据库、中国知网数据库检索2013年1月至2018年12月报道的关于骨质疏松流行病学文献,按照纳入及排除标准选择其中具有区域性代表（以北京市、甘肃省、河南省、山西省和山东省代表北方地区,以广东省、广西省、四川省、贵州省和江西省代表南方地区）的文献。然后人工提取各文献中的相关数据,包括研究对象样本量、性别、年龄、骨质疏松患病人数等。率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果共筛选出符合标准的文献10篇,从中收集到研究对象38 941例,其中骨质疏松患者8 334例（21.4%）。南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松患病情况呈现出一致的流行病学特征：无论男性还是女性,骨质疏松患病率均随增龄逐渐增高;除20～29岁外的其他各年龄段,女性骨质疏松患病率均明显高于男性（P<0.05或0.01）;老年人骨质疏松患病率普遍较高（其中南方地区80～89岁女性患病率更是高达73.46%）,老年男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均显著高于非老年人（北方地区：χ²=960.180、1 315.400,均P<0.01;南方地区：χ²=773.290、1 482.720,均P<0.01）。与南方地区比较,北方地区男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均明显更高（非老年人：χ²=39.740、44.660,P<0.01;老年人：χ²=34.540、16.140）。与南方地区对应年龄段比较,北方地区40～49岁、50～59岁及60～69岁人群骨质疏松患病率更高（男性：χ²=29.300、8.000、3.900,P<0.05或0.01;女性：χ²=15.580、50.590、5.860,P<0.05或0.01）,但70～79、80～89岁人群骨质疏松患病率更低（男性：χ²=21.570、90.240,P<0.01;女性：χ²=4.430、97.200,P<0.05或0.01）。 结论南方地区总体发病率高于北方,两个地区均为70～80岁年龄段患者所占比例最高,并且各个年龄段女性患者均多于男性。南北两地区骨质疏松患病率均随年龄增加而升高,且两地区50岁年龄段人口骨质疏松患病率较前明显升高,临床上应在此时间段予以干预,预防骨质丢失及骨质疏松的发生。