成都市两城区部分成年男性吸烟者吸烟行为调查

目的 分析成都市成年男性吸烟者吸烟行为、吸烟量及其变化的影响因素。方法对成都市两城区320名成年男性吸烟者面对面问卷调查。采用描述性分析、t检验、χ²检验、单因素方差分析、Kruskal-Wails H秩和检验、累积比数logistic回归方法分析数据。结果 分析显示吸烟者更换卷烟后, 吸烟量增加(t=2.327, P=0.021), 焦油量降低(t=-11.251, P<0.001);累积比数logistic回归分析显示, 学历较低(OR=1.968, P=0.040)、收入较高(OR=2.053, P=0.043)、烟蒂较短(OR=2.366, P=0.010)、尼古丁高依赖(OR=7.143, P<0.001)者吸烟量更大。结论 更换卷烟的吸烟者更倾向选择低焦油卷烟;学历低、收入高、尼古丁高依赖的吸烟者是控烟健康教育、行为干预的重点人群。     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空分析

目的　分析2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空特征,为全省钉螺精准防控提供参考。方法　收集2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积、新发钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积等钉螺分布指标并进行描述性分析,对实有和新发钉螺面积进行空间自相关、热点分析、标准差椭圆分析及时空扫描等分析,探索安徽省钉螺聚集与扩散高风险区。结果　2011—2020年,安徽省实有钉螺面积逐渐降低。2020年全省实有钉螺面积26 238.85 hm2,主要分布在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区。各年份间新发钉螺面积波动较大,2016年最高（1 287.65 hm2）;2020年在池州市贵池区新发现1.96 hm2感染性钉螺面积。空间自相关和热点分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布具有空间聚集性（Z = 3.00 ~ 3.43,P均 < 0.01）,热点主要集中在湖沼型流行区并沿长江南岸分布;冷点主要集中在皖南山区。2011—2020年安徽省新发钉螺面积分布在整体上不存在空间聚集性（Z = -2.20 ~ 1.71,P均> 0.05）,局部呈散点分布。标准差椭圆分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布相对稳定,与长江流向一致;新发钉螺面积分布重心逐渐从长江安徽段下游向上游移动。时空扫描分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积两个高值聚集区以从长江安徽段下游到中游的顺序出现;新发钉螺面积两个高值聚集区聚集时间和范围类似,均分布在山区。结论　2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布呈空间聚集性,存在向长江南岸、上游聚集的趋势,但山区钉螺扩散问题亦不容忽视,需加强对山区和长江沿岸新发钉螺孳生地的监测力度。     

Decreased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels in Coronary Artery Aneurysmatic Patients

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms through increased proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. Increased proteolysis due to elevated matrix degrading enzyme activity in the arterial wall may act as a susceptibility factor for the development of coronary aneurysms. Plasmin strongly stimulates pro-MMP enzyme conversion to the active form. Plasmin hyperactivity due to decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may cause MMP over activity and coronary aneurysms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PAI-1 and presence of coronary aneurysms. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with aneurysmal coronary artery disease and stable angina were enrolled into study (Group 1). Twenty-two patients without coronary aneurysm were selected as a control group (Group 2). PAI-1 was measured in peripheral venous blood. RESULTS: The plasma PAI-1 level was lower in the coronary artery aneurysmatic patients compared to the control group (8.41 +/- 4.28 vs. 13.32 +/- 10.05 ng/ml, p = 0.037). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) values were not significantly different between groups (3.83 +/- 1.08 vs. 4.01 +/- 1.35 mg/l, p >0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased matrix degrading enzyme activity can cause arterial wall destruction through increased proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. Unregulated plasmin hyperactivity due to decreased inhibition by PAI-1 may play an important role in coronary aneurysm formation.     

2型糖尿病动物模型KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病的鉴定

目的 研究2型糖尿病KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病(DN)的特点和应用价值.方法 选择雄性KK-Ay小鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠各30只,每两周代谢笼收集24 h尿液及随意尿测尿微量白蛋白,眶后静脉丛采血测空腹血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白.8、12、20周龄时两组分别处死10只小鼠取肾脏行病理检查.结果 不同周龄KK-Ar小鼠尿微量白蛋白、血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯均比同周龄C57BL/6J小鼠高(P＜O.05),且随周龄增加而进展,8周龄表现为典型2型糖尿病,12周龄进入早期DN,20周龄肾脏病理表现为特征性DN改变,但未见肾功能下降.结论 KK-Ay小鼠是研究DN早期病变的理想模型.     

Surgical treatment of axillary artery aneurysm

Aneurysms of the axillary artery are rare and dangerous lesions that threaten the upper extremities with vascular and neurologic compromise. Most can be treated effectively with surgical excision and vascular grafting. We retrospectively assessed 4 axillary artery aneurysms upon which we operated from February 1998 through March 2004. Three patients were admitted to our clinic for symptomatic axillary masses. The remaining patient was transported to our clinic emergently due to massive hemorrhage of an enlarging axillary mass that occurred during biopsy of the mass at another hospital. In this patient, the ruptured axillary artery aneurysm was diagnosed by means of emergent upper-extremity selective angiography. All patients were treated surgically by means of aneurysmectomy and graft interpositioning--with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in 2 patients and saphenous vein grafts in the other 2. Surgical treatment of axillary artery aneurysms is of importance in avoiding thromboembolism and ischemia, which in turn can lead to gangrene and amputation of the affected extremity. For this reason, operative management of such cases should not be delayed.     

短期使用氯喹/羟氯喹引起不良反应的病例报道分析及合理应用建议

目的检索与分析短期应用氯喹/羟氯喹(CQ/HCQ)可能导致的药品不良反应(ADR)及分析相关影响因素,为临床合理应用提供参考。方法通过检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库从建库至今CQ/HCQ引起的药品相关不良反应的个案报道的相关文献,设定单次服药至服药3个月内出现的ADR情况,分析CQ/HCQ可能引起的ADR及容易诱发ADR的相关因素,进行分析总结。结果共检索到文献1280篇,最终纳入42篇。其中心脏ADR共7篇10例,主要为心律失常,包括房室传导阻滞4例、Q-T间期延长4例;其中3例死亡,7例停药后恢复,服药1 g/d以上出现心脏毒性更快。视觉相关ADR文献4篇5例,其中应用CQ的1例,为单次用药后出现视力下降。HCQ的4例,出现黄斑病变1例,视物模糊1例,结膜充血2例。出现视物模糊与黄斑病变的患者停药后未恢复。皮肤ADR纳入21篇,严重的可引起Stevens-Johnson综合征2例,急性或泛发性脓疱病10例。其他严重ADR共10篇,主要表现为神经精神系统ADR。结论CQ/HCQ可引起严重ADR,对既往有心脏疾病、合并使用有相互作用的药物应进行严密监测,制定新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的合理剂量,还应考虑患者疾病严重程度、肝肾功能情况,选择不同的药物与给药方案。     

Computerized tumor multinucleation index (MuNI) is prognostic in p16+ oropharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUNDPatients with p16⁺ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are potentially cured with definitive treatment. However, there are currently no reliable biomarkers of treatment failure for p16⁺ OPSCC. Pathologist-based visual assessment of tumor cell multinucleation (MN) has been shown to be independently prognostic of disease-free survival (DFS) in p16⁺ OPSCC. However, its quantification is time intensive, subjective, and at risk of interobserver variability.METHODSWe present a deep-learning–based metric, the multinucleation index (MuNI), for prognostication in p16⁺ OPSCC. This approach quantifies tumor MN from digitally scanned H&E-stained slides. Representative H&E-stained whole-slide images from 1094 patients with previously untreated p16⁺ OPSCC were acquired from 6 institutions for optimization and validation of the MuNI.RESULTSThe MuNI was prognostic for DFS, overall survival (OS), or distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) in p16⁺ OPSCC, with HRs of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.37–2.30), 1.94 (1.44–2.60), and 1.88 (1.43–2.47), respectively, independent of age, smoking status, treatment type, or tumor and lymph node (T/N) categories in multivariable analyses. The MuNI was also prognostic for DFS, OS, and DMFS in patients with stage I and stage III OPSCC, separately.CONCLUSIONMuNI holds promise as a low-cost, tissue-nondestructive, H&E stain–based digital biomarker test for counseling, treatment, and surveillance of patients with p16⁺ OPSCC. These data support further confirmation of the MuNI in prospective trials.FUNDINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH; National Center for Research Resources, NIH; VA Merit Review Award from the US Department of VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service; US Department of Defense (DOD) Breast Cancer Research Program Breakthrough Level 1 Award; DOD Prostate Cancer Idea Development Award; DOD Lung Cancer Investigator-Initiated Translational Research Award; DOD Peer-Reviewed Cancer Research Program; Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation Fund; Wallace H. Coulter Foundation Program in the Department of Biomedical Engineering; Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, Case Western Reserve University; NCI Cancer Center Support Grant, NIH; Career Development Award from the US Department of VA Clinical Sciences Research and Development Program; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant, NIH; and Computational Genomic Epidemiology of Cancer Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, the US Department of VA, the DOD, or the US Government.     

Syrian refugee children face more peer victimization in schools what leads to poor mental health: a brief report

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry -     

Development of chitosan/gelatin hydrogels incorporation of biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The chitosan/gelatin hydrogel incorporated with biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP-NPs) as scaffold (CGB) for bone tissue engineering was reported in this article. Such nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by using cycled freeze-thawing method, of which physicochemical and biological properties were regulated by adjusting the weight ratio of chitosan/gelatin/BCP-NPs. The needle-like BCP-NPs were dispersed into composites uniformly, and physically cross-linked with chitosan and gelatin, which were identified via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The porosity, equilibrium swelling ratio, and compressive strength of CGB scaffolds were mainly influenced by the BCP-NPs concentration. In vitro degradation analysis in simulated body fluids (SBF) displayed that CGB scaffolds were degraded up to at least 30?wt% in one month. Also, CCK-8 analysis confirmed that the prepared scaffolds had a good cytocompatibility through in culturing with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Finally, In vivo animal experiments revealed that new bone tissue was observed inside the scaffolds, and gradually increased with increasing months, when implanted CGB scaffolds into large necrotic lesions of rabbit femoral head. The above results suggested that prepared CGB nanocomposites had the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering.