低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板的影响。方法 ６０例急性脑梗死患者,分为治疗组、对照组各３０例。治疗组采用低分子肝素静滴,对照组用低分子右旋糖酐治疗。结果 治疗组总有效率９３．３％,显效率６３．３％,明显优于对照组（７３．３％,４６．６％）。有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,无１例继发出血。结论 低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。     

心血管手术输血后庚型肝炎病毒感染与年龄的关系

目的 探讨心血管手术输血后庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染与年龄的关系。方法 选取连续１６６例心血管手术患者进行前瞻性研究,按年龄分为Ａ,Ｂ两组,≥３６岁为Ａ组,〈３６岁为Ｂ组,测定手术前后血样标本的庚型肝炎病毒ＲＮＡ（ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ）。结果 术后３个月ＨＧＶ总感染率４．２％。Ａ组较Ｂ组感染率高（Ｐ＝０．００６４）,体重大（Ｐ〈０．０００１）,输血量多（Ｐ〈０．０００１）,Ｂ组以先天性心脏病为主（Ｐ〈０．０００１）。结论 心血管手术输血后ＨＧＶ感染率为４．２％。小儿和青壮年感染率较中老年人低。提示心血管手术应早期施工。     

86例老年前期Ⅱ型糖尿病患者骨密度改变及其与中医证型的关系

采用双能 X线骨密度仪对 86例老年前期 型糖尿病 ( DM)患者 L1～ 4前后位骨密度 ( BMD)进行检测 ,计算了其中骨量减少及骨质疏松症的患病率 ,并分析了BMD及骨量减少、骨质疏松症的患病率同 DM中医证型的关系。结果表明 :DM组腰椎平均 BMD显著低于同年龄同性别正常对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;而骨量减少及骨质疏松症的患病率都显著高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;在 DM阴虚热盛、气阴两虚、阴阳两虚、血瘀气滞的 4个证型中 ,BMD呈现从高到低的变化趋势 ,但组间差异并不显著 ;4个证型中骨量减少症患病率阴虚热盛证型显著高于其它 3型 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而骨质疏松症患病率阴阳两虚证最高 ,且显著高于阴虚热盛证 ( P<0 .0 5 )。     

腋下纵切口在普胸手术中的应用

胸部后外侧或前外侧切口 ,一直作为胸外科传统常规手术径路。随着微创外科的发展和美容需求的提高。近年来 ,我们采用腋下纵切口施行胸部手术1 5例 ,取得了较为满意效果。1 　临床资料与方法1 .1 　一般资料　全组 1 5例 ,男 1 0例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 8～ 63(平均 43.8)岁。肺良性肿瘤 4例 ,肺癌症 7例 (其中 1例病灶液化直径 1 0 cm) ,动脉导管未闭 2例 ,食道癌 2例 (其中 1例食道中段癌 ,病灶长 5cm,浸润对侧胸膜 ;另 1例为食道下段癌 )。1 .2 　手术方法　取病灶同侧腋下纵切口 (相当腋中线 ) ,食道中段癌取左腋下及左上腹双纵行小切口。切开…     

关于大肠癌内分泌细胞及其分泌激素意义的研究

目的了解内分泌型癌细胞（ＥＣ）及其分泌的部分激素在大肠癌中的表达,探讨其与大肠癌临床病理及预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化法对１１７例大肠癌中嗜铬蛋白Ａ（ＣＧＡ）及５种激素进行检测,其中１３例行电镜观察。结果４６例（３９．３％）含有ＣＧＡ阳性细胞（即ＥＣ）,其中３９例中２７例（６９．２％）检测到１种以上激素,ＥＣ阳性组淋巴结转移的发生率（６３．０％）高于阴性组（３９．４％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）,中低分化癌组ＥＣ（＋＋）的表达率（２５．５％）明显高于高分化癌组（６．９％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）,含ＥＣ的大肠癌生存期短,是评估预后的一个独立因子。激素５－ＨＴ、β－ＨＣＧ、ＧＬＵ、ＧＡＳＴ阳性的癌组织,分化及预后较差（Ｐ＞０．０５）。电镜观察与免疫组化检测大肠癌ＥＣ符合率达９２．３％。结论部分大肠癌中含分泌某些激素的ＥＣ,ＥＣ阳性的大肠癌组织分化差,易发生淋巴结转移,预后不良,可能与ＥＣ中某些激素产物促进肿瘤生长转移有关。     

Refinement and distinction of the chromosome 10p candidate tumor suppressor region in human gliomas

Our recent studies have shown that telomeric 10p is frequently deleted in both low and high grade gliomas. Other studies have shown an invariant association of erb-b amplification and loss of chromosome 10. It has not been determined whether this association was specific for a particular locus on chromosome 10. We sought to assess this by examining tumors, for both 10p loss and gene amplification. 55% of tumors showed some degree of allelic imbalance at 10p15. Amplification of erb-b, c-myc, and a mitochondrial cDNA probe, recently found to be amplified in diverse grades of gliomas was assessed. erb-b and the mitochondrial cDNA probe showed amplification in 28% of the tumors; c-myc gene was amplified in only one astrocytoma. No significant association was noted when comparing the presence of a specific amplified gene, and loss of loci on chromosome. Chromosome 10p15 shows significant loss in glial tumors, and is independent of the chromosome 10 region associated with erb-b amplification. The region at 10p15 is distinct in harboring a putative tumor suppressor gene in gliomas, and is involved earlier in the multi-step pathway to glial tumor malignancy.     

陵水暗罗活性成分研究

从陵水暗罗(polyalthia nemoralis A.etDC)根的乙醇提取物中分离得到五个化合物。经光谱(UV,IR,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR,DEPT和MS)解析和化学反应,分别鉴定为暗罗素(zincpolyanemine,PN1),2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物铜盐(PN₂),β-谷甾醇(PN₃),β-谷甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(PN₄)和2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物-2-S-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(PN₅),其中PN₅为新化合物,PN2为新天然产物。PN1和PN2有较强抗疟、防霉杀菌作用。PN5的抗疟、防霉试验尚在进行中。     

Dose-Dependent Carcinogenicity and Frequent Ki-ras Proto-oncogene Activation by Dietary N-Nitrosodiethylamine in Rainbow Trout

While the experimental data upon which current concepts in mechanisticallybased risk assessment and molecular epidemiology are groundedderive almost entirely from rodent models, fish models haveseveral attributes (e.g., low background incidence, extremelylow cost tumor studies, nonmammalian comparative status forextrapolation of mechanisms to humans) that make them valuableadjuncts for addressing these concepts. This report providesan initial characterization of the dose dependency of dietaryN-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) hepatocarcinogenicity in Shastastrain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the potentialof DEN to elicit ras proto-oncogene activation in this species.Carcinogen was administered in the diet at five concentrationsfor 12 months. Necropsies were per formed at 9, 12, and 18 months,the latter on fish maintained on control diet for 6 months aftercessation of DEN exposure. The incidence of hepatic neoplasmsat the lower dietary concentrations (70 ppm) did not consistentlyexceed that for control groups, which were higher in this particularstudy (2%) than expected (historically 0.1%). For the higherDEN concentrations, a linear relationship between the hepatictumor incidence (expressed as log odds, log [p/(1-p)1, wherep = proportion of fish bearing tumors), and the logarithm oftotal cumulative dose was observed, with response being independentof the length of time (9 or 12 months) during which the dosewas accumulated. The dose-response curve for fish maintainedan additional 6 months postexposure was shifted toward higherincidence but was parallel to the curve for fish killed at cessationof exposure. The model predicts that doubling the dose willproduce some what more than a doubling of the odds (pl(100 -p) for tumor incidence and that the odds for lesions 6 monthspostexposure will be approximately double those at cessationof exposure. Comparison of these results with previous studiesusing rats suggests an overall similarity in dose-response curves,with trout being somewhat less sensitive than rats to DEN hepatocarcinogenesis. To examine the molecular basis for DEN carcinogenesis in this species, seven liver tumors induced separatelyby short-term DEN treatment were probed by 3'-mismatch primerpolymerase chain reaction analysis for evidence of Ki-ras proto-oncogeneactivating point mutations. A very high proportion (6/7) oftumors was found to carry codon 12 GGA - AGA mutations, whereasno codon 61 mutants were detected in this sample. These initialresults differ from those reported using hepatic tumors fromDEN-treated mice, which exhibit frequent Ha-ras codon 61 mutations[Richardson et al., Carcinogenesis 13, 1277–1279 (1992)]and rats, which appear not to carry DEN-activated ras alleles[Bauer-Hoffman et al., Carcinogenesis 11, 1875–1877 (1990)].Thus the available oncogene data for the common carcinogen DENdo not suggest a simple, consistent oncogenic pathway or mutationalspectrum useful in the molecular epidemiology of human cancers.     

SEARCH FOR HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE2（HSV－2）AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS（HPV）IN THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CERVICAL SAMPLES

ＳＥＡＲＣＨＦＯＲＨＥＲＰＥＳＳＩＭＰＬＥＸＶＩＲＵＳＴＹＰＥ２（ＨＳＶ－２）ＡＮＤＨＵＭＡＮＰＡＰＩＬＬＯＭＡＶＩＲＵＳ（ＨＰＶ）ＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＭＡＬＡＮＤＡＢＮＯＲＭＡＬＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＳＡＭＰＬＥＳＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉ;张伟;ＪｉｎＳｈｕｎｑｉａ...     

The blocking effects of glycyrrhize uralensis and chelidonium majus on mutagenesis induced by Aflatoxin Bl

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (GU) and Chelidonium Majus (CM) (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/plate) have obvious blocking effects onSalmonella Typhimurium strains (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102) mutagenesis induced by aflatoxin Bl (AFB1). The blocking rates of GU and CM are more dependent on the doses. A compound of GU and CM, called Wei Lingsu (WLS), could impede chromosomol aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) of human peripheral lymphocyte induced by AFB1, at the concentrations of 1–50 mg/ml, the blocking rates are 52.94%–88.24% and 15. 50%–38.23% saperatly. WLS could also impede the inhibition of AFB1 to lymphocyte mitosis.