不同人群HBsAg携带状况调查分析

目的了解不同人群的HBsAg携带情况,为防治乙肝传播提供科学依据。方法用ELISA方法对幼儿园学生、外企员工、上岗前体检者等三类人群的血样标本进行HBsAg检测。结果幼儿园学生的HBsAg阳性率为1.48%,外企员工的HBsAg阳性率为0.92%;上岗前体检者的阳性率为6.80%。结论三类人群的HBsAg阳性率有显著性差异,乙肝疫苗的接种能有效地控制乙型肝炎的传播。     

推行院务政务公开 促进医院和谐发展

本文介绍了自2002年2月新一届领导班子成立以来,东莞市桥头医院紧紧围绕医院发展大局,创新管理机制,大力推行院务政务公开的具体做法、成效及其体会,有力地促进了医院的和谐发展。     

病例分型管理 促进医院发展

目的应用病例分型管理促进医院发展。方法应用病例分型管理系统,将所有病例分为单纯普通型(A型)、单纯急症型(B型)、复杂疑难型(C型)、复杂危重型(D型)后进行评价分析。结果能科学、客观地反映医院实际的诊疗水平,促进医务人员的科研热情,合理评价工作绩效。结论医院应用病例分型,其优点在于各类病种与病例分型组内的病例在卫生资源消耗上具有相当的一致性。将极大的提升医院的管理水平,促进了医院的发展。     

盐城市县乡级医院内科医生《中国高血压防治指南》知晓情况调查

[目的]了解内科医生对《中国高血压防治指南》的知晓情况，提高《中国高血压防治指南》实施效果。[方法]2004年，抽取盐城市各县（市、区）部分县乡级医院具有执业医师资格的内科医生，调查对《指南》的知晓情况。[结果]调查114家县级医院、27家乡级卫生院的165名内科医生，对高血压的诊断标准能全面正确了解的占58．18%，21．82％的知道测量血压的正确部位，只有43．64％的能正确读取血压值，33．33％的知道要对所有就诊的患者测量血压。20．61％的知晓奶油中含有较高的胆固醇，41．21％的知晓番茄、香蕉有降压作用，75．76％的知道每人每天食盐的标准摄入量。[结论]县乡级医疗机构内科医生对《中国高血压防治指南》的知晓率比较低。     

心理干预对突发性聋疗效影响的相关性研究

目的探讨心理因素与突发性聋疗效的关系。方法将150例突发性聋患者随机分为实验组和对照组，两组常规的治疗和护理方法相同，实验组则在此基础上首先评估心理状态并给予系统的心理干预，建立“共同参与”型的护患关系。结果实验组治愈率86．58％，对照组治愈率54．40％（P〈0．01），两组治疗前后心理状态经统计学处理，差异有统计学意义。结论重视在疾病发生发展中心理、社会、应激源等因素的相互作用，进行心理干预有助于突发性聋患者听力的恢复。     

不同表面处理的种植入早期表面沉积物的分析研究

目的：比较两种不同表面处理的种植体在植入早期表面沉积物的差异及其骨组织反应。方法：将表面经双重酸-双氧水热处理和双重酸处理的种植体分别植入兔子胫骨内，然后，采用带能谱分析的扫描电镜观测2、4、8周带种植体的骨组织。结果：植入2周后在两组种植体表面均沉积富含钙磷层；4周时这层结构大部分消失，但双重酸-双氧水-热处理组可见较多的骨生成细胞附着在种植体表面并形成新骨。8周时两组种植体表面均附着一些新骨，但以双重酸-双氧水-热处理组相对较多。结论：两组种植体在植入早期表面均可形成富含钙磷层。     

高危妊娠产前联合监测的临床应用评价

目的比较和评价胎动计数、胎心监护、胎儿生物物理相评分、胎儿脐动脉血流速度比值及羊水监测5项监测技术在高危妊娠产前监护中对胎儿预后的监测效果和临床应用价值。方法对734例高危孕妇常规进行前4项胎儿监测技术联合监护，并定期复查，在自然破膜或人工破膜后观察羊水的量和性质，将分娩前1周内最后一次检查结果与新生儿娩出后1分钟和5分钟的Apgar计分作对照。结果上述5项监测技术中，胎动计数的监测效果比较可靠（P〈0．05）；羊水监测效果与其相似，但使用范围受限；其余3项技术的监测效果相对差于前者，联合监测效果最佳（P〈0．01）。结论为加强高危妊娠的监测效果，提高各项临测技术的临床使用价值，应采用多项监测技术对高危妊娠进行联合和动态监测。     

全氟辛酸铵毒性研究进展

著名的杜邦不粘锅特氟龙（Teflon）事件已经结束，确让我们记住了应十分关注的一个化学物质——全氟辛酸铵（perfluorooctanoate，PFOA）。那么，什么是PFOA？ PFOA对动物是否有害？对环境和环境生物的污染状况如何？最重要的是PFOA对人体是否有害，譬如是否有致癌等作用以及在人群血液中的残留情况如何？本文将根据目前的研究情况对上述问题做一综述。     

Perceived parental behaviour, self-esteem and happiness

  Background: This study set out to determine to what extent recalled parental rearing styles (authoritarian, authoritativeness, permissiveness), personality (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, lie), and self-esteem predicted self-rated happiness in a normal, non-clinical, population of young people in their late teens and early 20s. Methods: Each participant completed a few questionnaires: the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (revised), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Parental Authority Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Inventory. It was predicted that sex, extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem and both maternal and paternal authoritativeness would be significant predictors of happiness. Results: Regressional and path analysis showed self-esteem to be the most dominant and powerful predictor of happiness. The effect of sex on happiness was moderated by neuroticism, which related to self-esteem, which directly influenced happiness. Stability, extraversion and maternal authoritativeness were significant predictors of self-esteem accounting for one-third of the variance. Conclusion: The results are considered in terms of the distinct literature on the relation between personality and happiness and on the relation between parental styles and self-esteem. Self-esteem was both a direct and a moderator variable for young people's self-reported happiness. Extraversion had both direct and indirect predictive power of happiness, whereas neuroticism predicted happiness mediating through self-esteem. Maternal authoritativeness was the only direct predictor of happiness when paternal and maternal rearing styles were examined together, suggesting that a reasonable discipline exercised by mothers towards their children was particularly beneficial in enhancing the off-springs' self-esteem. Accepted: 22 June 2000     

Target-dependent axonal sprouting following vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis in cats

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the axonal sprouting and target neurotization by central neurons after nerve heterocon-nection. Methods: Unilateral (right) vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis (VHA) was performed in adult cats. Following 3-315 days postoperation (dpo), quantitative analyses and ultrastructural changes in the proximal portion of the vagal-hypoglossal heteroconnected nerve as well as the time course of neuronal regeneration were studied. Along with this, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique was used to label the neurons of dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) to ascertain if target neurotization was established. Results: The contralateral (left) intact vagus nerve proximal to the level of ansa cervicalis showed an average of 33 +/- 1 myelinated and 74 +/- 4 unmyelinated axons in 727 &mgr;m(2) sectional area of the nerve. In the heteroconnected nerve at the corresponding level just proximal to the anastomosis site, there was a marked increase in the number of small axons sprouting from the unmyelinated nerve fibers between 18 and 25 dpo. The number of these axonal sprouts appeared to decline at 32 dpo but its increase of 131 % was sustained until the late regeneration stage at 315 dpo when compared with the contralateral nerve serving as a control. The mean number of myelinated axons per area unit (727 &mgr;m(2)) was reduced to 18 at 3 dpo but was immediately restored to the normal range at 7 dpo. The retrograde labelling of neurons in both the DMV and NA was first detected at 22 dpo and was progressively increased peaking by about 67 dpo. Conclusions: We conclude that compared with the unmyelinated axons, the myelinated axons may acquire a superior interaction with the new target. Furthermore, the postoperative neurotization of tongue muscles may initiate and facilitate the retraction of the redundant axonal sprouts.