A survey into the respiratory effects of prolonged exposure to pulverised fuel ash.

Previous studies of respiratory disorders in workers exposed to pulverised fuel ash (PFA) have been confined to radiological effects that were found to be minimal. The present survey included 268 men (88% of the defined population) with a history of more than 10 years exposure to PFA in six power stations in the south east of England. Respiratory questionnaires with full occupational histories were obtained from all of these subjects, of whom 207 were actively employed and 61 had retired; 243 had lung function tests and 208 had chest x ray examinations. The men were grouped, using their occupational histories, into high, medium, and low exposure categories. Dust concentrations were obtained by personal sampling on a representative sample of men from the three exposure categories. Lung function tests showed that a modest effect on forced vital capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak flow, and gas transfer (DCO) was associated with prolonged heavy exposure to PFA. The men with prolonged heavy exposure also showed higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms. No definite relation between exposure and x ray changes was established. The results of this cross sectional survey indicate that exposures to PFA should not exceed the limits recommended by the Health and Safety Executive for low toxicity dusts.     

抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺的保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺保护作用。方法 :应用离体兔肺缺血再灌注模型 ,15只白兔随机分为三组 (抑肽酶组、对照组 1、对照组 2 ) ,抑肽酶组和对照组 1用Euro -Collins液进行肺灌洗和低温保存(10℃ ,2 4h)后 ,以新鲜兔血离体灌注 30min。抑肽酶组在兔血中加入抑肽酶 (2 5万KIU) ;对照组 1不用抑肽酶。对照组 2取自正常兔肺 ,不进行肺灌洗和保存。灌注中测定肺动脉氧差 (△PO2 ) ,肺动脉压 (PAP) ,灌注完毕取肺电镜观察微观结构。应用TUNEL(末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶 (TdT)介导的dUTP缺口末端标记 )技术检测肺细胞凋亡情况。结果 :与对照组 1比较 ,抑肽酶组的动静脉氧差较大 (2 0min时差异显著 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,肺动脉压较低 (P <0 .0 5 )。电镜观察对照组 1肺结构破坏重。细胞凋亡检测显示对照组 1细胞凋亡数目高于抑肽酶组 (P =0 .0 0 18)和对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 1) ,抑肽酶组细胞凋亡数目高于对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 )。结论 :抑肽酶对于长期低温保存的兔肺有保护作用。细胞凋亡可作为评价肺移植后保护效果的指标之一。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤采用CHOP方案治疗与护理

目的探讨NHL采用CHOP方案治疗中护理的重要性.方法对115例NHL采用CTX,750mg/m2 静滴第1日,VCR 1.4g/m2静滴第1.8日,PDN100mg/m2PO第1～5日,每21天为1周期,本组病例用药4～6个周期.结果顺利地完成了115例NHL的化疗,无1例出现化疗作用.结论肿瘤专科护理的措施是顺利完成化疗,减轻副作用,提高生活质量的保证.     

一种新的五步蛇蛇毒类凝血酶Cdna的克隆和序列分析

目的：克隆出五步蛇的类凝血酶cDNA，为研究其结构和功能的关系。并为下一步基因表达开发抗血栓药物提供依据和基础。方法：从五步蛇蛇腺中提取了总RNA，通过反转录合成第一链cDNA，经PCR扩增出五步蛇毒腺中类凝血酶TLE1的cDNA片段，并将其连接到质粒载体扩增，然后进行DNA测序。结果：成功克隆出一种新的五步蛇类凝血酶的cDNA片段。此片段全长794bp，包括编码部分的全长为777bp。推导其编码的蛋白质序列为258个氨基酸，其中包括18个氨基酸的信号肽，6个氨基权的前肽和234个氨基酸的成熟氨基酸顺序。TLE1成熟肽与其它蛇毒类凝血酶相比，蛋白质一级结构具有较高的同源性。结论：从五步蛇中成功克隆出一 种新的类凝血酶cDNA，并确定了它的DNA顺序。     

甲基强的松龙对低温保存大鼠肝脏的保护作用

应用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肝脏离体灌流模型，用ＣＭＵ—１号液，含有甲基强的松龙的ＣＭＵ—１号液，以及缺血前预用甲基强的松龙后再用ＣＭＵ—１号液分别对肝脏进行灌洗保存。检测ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ、肝组织匀浆ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量，并观察肝组织结构。结果表明：甲基强的松龙对低温保存的离体大鼠肝脏具有保护作用     

Costs and benefits of routine follow-up after curative treatment for endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: To examine the costs of routine outpatient follow-up after curative treatment of endometrial cancer, and to determine whether this leads to early detection of recurrence or survival. The impact of specific disease characteristics on survival is examined. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review, and calculation of costs. SETTING: Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre-Civic Division (ORCC-C). PATIENTS: All 432 patients referred to the ORCC-C with endometrial cancer between 1982 and 1991 who received treatment with curative intent and who continued with routine follow-up. RESULTS: Cancer recurred in 50 patients (11.57%). There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic recurrences, or between those with recurrences detected during routine follow-up visits or in the interval between routine visits. Of 4830 Papanicolaou (Pap) smears performed routinely, cancer was detected in 6 cases. The mean cost of the routine follow-up procedures for each patient with a recurrence was $19,200. CONCLUSION: Intensive follow-up of women with endometrial cancer does not result in improved survival. A prospective randomized study is warranted to evaluate other potential benefits of follow-up, such as improved quality of life or decreased morbidity. There is no economic or clinical justification for the routine use of the Pap smear in the follow-up of patients with endometrial cancer. The potential benefits of routine follow-up in endometrial cancer and other types of cancer with favourable prognoses warrant critical evaluation.