全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2436139篇 |
免费 | 186141篇 |
国内免费 | 6989篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31973篇 |
儿科学 | 80304篇 |
妇产科学 | 68610篇 |
基础医学 | 351579篇 |
口腔科学 | 66556篇 |
临床医学 | 229379篇 |
内科学 | 474998篇 |
皮肤病学 | 52957篇 |
神经病学 | 201700篇 |
特种医学 | 90458篇 |
外国民族医学 | 790篇 |
外科学 | 349702篇 |
综合类 | 56179篇 |
现状与发展 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 896篇 |
预防医学 | 202152篇 |
眼科学 | 54599篇 |
药学 | 175785篇 |
7篇 | |
中国医学 | 5680篇 |
肿瘤学 | 134961篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 19087篇 |
2019年 | 20313篇 |
2018年 | 28493篇 |
2017年 | 21601篇 |
2016年 | 24031篇 |
2015年 | 27112篇 |
2014年 | 38053篇 |
2013年 | 57984篇 |
2012年 | 79006篇 |
2011年 | 83847篇 |
2010年 | 49028篇 |
2009年 | 46147篇 |
2008年 | 77136篇 |
2007年 | 81571篇 |
2006年 | 82228篇 |
2005年 | 79596篇 |
2004年 | 75824篇 |
2003年 | 72406篇 |
2002年 | 69918篇 |
2001年 | 113992篇 |
2000年 | 117136篇 |
1999年 | 97724篇 |
1998年 | 27976篇 |
1997年 | 25409篇 |
1996年 | 25234篇 |
1995年 | 24070篇 |
1994年 | 22157篇 |
1993年 | 20800篇 |
1992年 | 75791篇 |
1991年 | 73428篇 |
1990年 | 71146篇 |
1989年 | 67589篇 |
1988年 | 62515篇 |
1987年 | 60873篇 |
1986年 | 57432篇 |
1985年 | 54786篇 |
1984年 | 41591篇 |
1983年 | 35378篇 |
1982年 | 21548篇 |
1981年 | 19072篇 |
1979年 | 37482篇 |
1978年 | 26544篇 |
1977年 | 22014篇 |
1976年 | 21161篇 |
1975年 | 21683篇 |
1974年 | 26382篇 |
1973年 | 25744篇 |
1972年 | 23800篇 |
1971年 | 21966篇 |
1970年 | 20688篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
142.
Willemijn A K M Windt Atsua Tahara Alex C A Kluppel Dick de Zeeuw Robert H Henning Richard P E van Dokkum 《Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system》2006,7(4):217-224
INTRODUCTION: Vasopressin, mainly through the V1a-receptor, is thought to be a major player in the maintenance of hyperfiltration. Its inhibition could therefore lead to a decrease in progression of chronic renal failure. To this end, the effect of the vasopressin V1a-receptor-selective antagonist, YM218, was studied on proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis in early and late intervention after 5/6 nephrectomy in rats, and compared with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After 5/6 nephrectomy, early intervention was performed between week 2 and 10 thereafter with the V1a-receptor-selective antagonist (VRA, 10 mg/kg/day, n=10), enalapril (ACE-I, 10 mg/kg/day, n=9), or vehicle (n=8). Late intervention was performed in another group between week 6 and 12 with VRA (10 mg/kg/day, n=7), lisinopril (ACE-I, 5 mg/kg/day, n=7), or vehicle (n=7). RESULTS: In early intervention, proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis were significantly decreased by VRA compared to vehicle (44+7% and 59+8% respectively). ACE-I significantly decreased proteinuria (67+7%) and a trend towards a decrease in focal glomerulosclerosis was observed (30+18%). In late intervention, VRA did not decrease proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis compared to vehicle (21+20% and 0%, respectively), ACE-I significantly lowered proteinuria (92+2%) and a focal glomerulosclerosis (69+1%) lowering trend was observed. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that VRA may protect against early progression of renal injury after 5/6 nephrectomy, whereas its effectiveness seems limited in established renal damage. 相似文献
143.
Claire M Rickard Brigit L Roberts Jonathon Foote Matthew R McGrail 《Dimensions of critical care nursing》2006,25(5):234-242
Research coordinators in intensive care are a growing specialty about which little is known. This cross-sectional study surveyed the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Coordinators' Group (n = 49) regarding demographics, education, employment history, job structure, and role content. Most research coordinators were highly qualified and experienced nurses who undertake pharmaceutical trials, multicenter projects, departmental medical and nursing research, audits and data registries, and their own projects. 相似文献
144.
145.
Timothy C. Evans MD PhD ; Keren H. Wick PhD ; Douglas M. Brock PhD ; Douglas C. Schaad PhD ; Ruth Ballweg MPA PA-C 《The Journal of rural health》2006,22(3):212-219
CONTEXT: The physician assistant profession has been moving toward requiring master's degrees for new practitioners, but some argue this could change the face of the discipline. PURPOSE: To see if there is an association between physician assistants' academic degrees and practice in primary care, in rural areas, and with the medically underserved. METHODS: Surveys were sent to 880 graduates of the first 32 University of Washington physician assistant classes through 2000. Respondents noted their academic degree at program entry and the highest degree attained at any time up to the time of survey. Relationships between practice characteristics and academic degree levels were tested by unadjusted odds ratios and logistic regression after controlling for year of graduation and sex. RESULTS: Of the 478 respondents, 54% worked in primary care, about 30% practiced in nonmetropolitan communities, and 42% reported providing care for the medically underserved. Respondents with no degree (33% of total at entry, 24% at survey) were significantly more likely than degree holders to work in primary care and nonmetropolitan areas. Respondents with no degree at program entry were significantly more likely, and those with no degree at the time of the survey were marginally more likely, to self-report work with the medically underserved. CONCLUSION: Respondents with no academic degree are significantly more likely to demonstrate a commitment to primary, rural, and underserved health care. These findings may inform the national debate about the impact of required advanced degrees on the practice patterns of nonphysician providers. 相似文献
146.
A Sharma H L Goh N Asokananthan A Bakker G A Stewart H W Mitchell 《The European respiratory journal》2006,27(1):20-28
Mucosal trypsin, a protease-activated receptor (PAR) stimulant, may have an endogenous bronchoprotective role on airway smooth muscle. To test this possibility the effects of lumenal trypsin on airway tone in segments of pig bronchus were tested. Bronchial segments from pigs were mounted in an organ chamber containing Kreb's solution. Contractions were assessed from isovolumetric lumen pressure induced by acetylcholine (ACh) or carbachol added to the adventitia. Trypsin, added to the airway lumen (300 microg x mL(-1)), had no immediate effect on smooth muscle tone but suppressed ACh-induced contractions after 60 min, for at least 3 h. Synthetic activating peptides (AP) for PAR1, PAR2 or PAR3 were without effect, but PAR4 AP caused rapid, weak suppression of contractions. Lumenal thrombin was without effect and did not prevent the effects of trypsin. Effects of trypsin were reduced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester but not indomethacin. Trypsin, thrombin and PAR4 AP released prostaglandin E2. Adventitially, trypsin, thrombin and PAR4 AP (but not PAR2 AP) relaxed carbachol-toned airways after <3 min. The findings of this study show that trypsin causes delayed and persistent bronchoprotection by interacting with airway cells accessible from the lumen. The signalling mechanism may involve nitric oxide synthase but not prostanoids or protease-activated receptors. 相似文献
147.
AIMS: To establish all-cause and cause-specific death rates, and risk factors for mortality in insulin-treated diabetic individuals living in the province of Canterbury, New Zealand. METHODS: Insulin-treated diabetic subjects (n = 995) on the Canterbury Diabetes Registry were followed up over 15 years and vital status determined. Death rates were standardized and hazard regression was used to model the effects of demographic covariates on relative survival time. RESULTS: There were 419 deaths in 11 226.3 person-years of follow-up with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.2). Relative mortality was greatest for the group aged 0-29 years (SMR 3.0 (95% CI 2.4-3.7)). After controlling for diabetes duration and gender, a 10-year increment in age of onset was associated with a 33% decrease in relative hazard (95% CI 29-36%), indicating that excess mortality due to diabetes declines with rising age of onset. After controlling for age of onset and gender, each 10-year increment in duration of diabetes is associated with a 26% decrease in relative hazard (95% CI 24-29%), indicating that with longer survival the mortality hazard approaches the general population hazard. Relative mortalities were increased for cardiovascular, renal and respiratory disease, but not malignancy. Relative mortality from acute metabolic complications was increased in the subgroup with age of onset of diabetes < 30 years and requiring insulin within 1 year of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates are high for insulin-treated diabetic individuals relative to the general population. 相似文献
148.
Social phobia, fear of negative evaluation and harm avoidance. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Faytout J Tignol J Swendsen D Grabot B Aouizerate J P Lépine 《European psychiatry》2007,22(2):75-79
This naturalistic, prospective investigation examined the role of fear of negative evaluation and the personality trait of harm avoidance in the anxiety levels of treated social phobia patients. One hundred and fifty-seven patients with DSM-IV social phobia were assessed before starting treatment and were then followed for up to two years. As expected, greater fear of negative evaluation and higher scores of harm avoidance were associated with greater anxiety at the 6 month follow-up, and harm avoidance remained a significant predictor at 24 months. However, no evidence was found for an interaction between the personality and cognitive variables examined. The findings are discussed in terms of the relative independence of these factors, as well as their potential implications for the treatment of this disorder. 相似文献
149.
Kelboek H Thuesen L Helqvist S 《世界核心医学期刊文摘》2006,2(5):53-54
目的:SCANDSTENT试验旨在评价西罗莫司洗脱支架(SES)在复杂冠状动脉病变中的应用。背景:与裸金属支架(BMS)相比,在简单冠状动脉病变中使用SES能够改善造影和临.床的结果,但是,有关在复杂病变中使用SES的安全性和有效性的证据有限。方法:322例有症状的复杂冠状动脉疾病患者被随机分配接受SES或BMS治疗。病变形态分别为全闭(36%)、分叉(34%)、开口(22%)或成角(8%)改变。主要终点为支架置入6个月后血管最小管腔直径的差别。 相似文献
150.
The antiproliferative, cytotoxic and apoptogenic activities of Bufo melanostictus (Indian common toad) skin extract (TSE) on U937 and K562 leukemic cell line has been investigated. TSE significantly (P<0.001) reduced the time-dependent cell proliferation and decreased MTT values in U937 and K562 cells. TSE (IC50 doses) suppressed the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in both the cells. It was demonstrated that, TSE (IC50 doses) primarily arrested the U937 and K562 cells at G1 phase of the cell cycle. Confocal microscopy showed the altered fragmented nuclei and apoptotic bodies formation in TSE (IC50 doses) treated U937 and K562 cells. Membrane blebbing, cell surface shrinkage and perforation were observed through scanning electron microscope. TSE-induced DNA fragmentation in U937 and K562 cells was reflected in single-cell gel electrophoresis. TSE significantly (P<0.001) increase the length-width ratio of DNA mass as compared to control in comet assay. The flow cytometric analysis of annexin-V binding to the cancer cells further supported the apoptotogenic activity of TSE. The effect of TSE on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells viability and cytotoxicity was studied in culture and found to be less cytotoxic than on the U937 and K562 cells. The findings from the present study suggested that TSE might possess potent antineoplastic agent having antiproliferative, cytotoxic and apoptogenic activity against U937 and K562 myeloid leukemic cells. 相似文献