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101.
102.
Detecting the effects of Fabry disease in the adult human brain with diffusion tensor imaging and fast bound‐pool fraction imaging 下载免费PDF全文
103.
Brandon J. Ausk Ted S. Gross Steven D. Bain 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2015,473(9):2825-2830
Background
Short-term muscle atrophy induced by botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has been observed to impair osteogenesis in a rat closed femur fracture model. However, it is unclear whether the underlying mechanism is a direct effect of BTxA on muscle-bone interactions or an indirect effect that is driven by skeletal unloading. Because skeletal trauma in the closed fracture model also leads to disuse atrophy, we sought to mitigate this confounding variable by examining BTxA effects on muscle-bone interactions in two complementary in vivo models in which osteogenesis is induced in the absence of skeletal unloading. The overall aim of this study was to identify a potential strategy to inhibit pathological bone formation and heterotopic ossification (HO).Questions/purposes
(1) Does muscle paralysis inhibit periosteal osteogenesis induced by a transcortical defect? (2) Does muscle paralysis inhibit heterotopic bone formation stimulated by intramuscular bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) injection?Methods
Focal osteogenesis was induced in the right hindlimb of mice through surgical initiation of a small transcortical defect in the tibia (fracture callus; n = 7/group) or intramuscular injection of BMP-2 (HO lesion; n = 6/group), both in the presence/absence of adjacent calf paralysis. High-resolution micro-CT images were obtained in all experimental groups 21 days postinduction and total volume (ie, perimeter of periosteal callus or HO lesion) and bone volume (calcified tissue within the total volume) were quantified as primary outcome measures. Finally, these outcome measures were compared to determine the effect of muscle paralysis on inhibition of local osteogenesis in both studies.Results
After a transcortical defect, BTxA-treated mice showed profound inhibition of osteogenesis in the periosteal fracture callus 21 days postsurgery compared with saline-treated mice (total volume: 0.08 ± 0.06 versus 0.42 ± 0.11 mm3, p < 0.001; bone volume: 0.07 ± 0.05 versus 0.32 ± 0.07 mm3, p < 0.001). Similarly, BMP-2-induced HO formation was inhibited by adjacent muscle paralysis at the same time point (total volume: 1.42 ± 0.31 versus 3.42 ± 2.11 mm3, p = 0.034; bone volume: 0.68 ± 0.18 versus 1.36 ± 0.79 mm3, p = 0.045).Conclusions
Our data indicate that BTxA-induced neuromuscular inhibition mitigated osteogenesis associated with both a transcortical defect and BMP-2-induced HO.Clinical Relevance
Focal neuromuscular inhibition represents a promising new approach that may lead to a new clinical intervention to mitigate trauma-induced HO, a healthcare challenge that is severely debilitating for civilian and war-wounded populations, is costly to both the patient and the healthcare system, and currently lacks effective treatments. 相似文献104.
Robert M. Joseph Zachary Fricker Brandon Keehn 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2015,10(2):294-301
Gaze and arrow cues automatically orient visual attention, even when they have no predictive value, but the neural circuitry by which they direct attention is not clear. Recent evidence has indicated that the ventral frontoparietal attention network is primarily engaged by breaches of a viewer’s cue-related expectations. Accordingly, we hypothesized that to the extent that non-predictive gaze and arrow cues automatically engender expectations with regard to cue location, they should activate the ventral attention network when they cue attention invalidly. Using event-related fMRI, we found that invalid gaze but not arrow cues activated the ventral attention network, specifically in the area of the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ), as well as nodes along the dorsal attention network associated with a redirection of attention to the correct target location. In additional whole-brain analyses, facilitation of behavioral response time by valid gaze cues was linearly associated with the degree of activation in the right TPJ. We conclude from our findings that gaze direction elicits potent expectations in humans with regard to an actor’s intention that engage attention networks if not differently from, at least more robustly than, arrow cues. 相似文献
105.
Synbiotics‐supplemented amino acid‐based formula supports adequate growth in cow's milk allergic infants 下载免费PDF全文
106.
Glucocorticoid hormone resistance during primate evolution: receptor-mediated mechanisms. 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
G P Chrousos D Renquist D Brandon C Eil M Pugeat R Vigersky G B Cutler Jr D L Loriaux M B Lipsett 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1982,79(6):2036-2040
The concentrations of total and protein-unbound plasma cortisol of New World monkeys are higher than those of Old World primates and prosimians. The urinary free-cortisol excretion also is increased markedly. However, there is no physiologic evidence of increased cortisol effect. These findings suggest end-organ resistance to glucocorticoids. This was confirmed by showing that the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is resistant to suppression by dexamethasone. To study this phenomenon, glucocorticoid receptors were examined in circulating mononuclear leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from both New and Old World species. The receptor content is the same in all species, but the New World monkeys have a markedly decreased binding affinity for dexamethasone. Thus, the resistance of these species to the action of cortisol is due to the decreased binding affinity of the glucocorticoid receptor. This presumed mutation must have occurred after the bifurcation of Old and New World primates (approximately 60 x 10(6) yr ago) and before the diversion of the New World primates from each other (approximately 15 x 10(6) yr ago). 相似文献
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109.
Kanumuri Prathima Hayse Brandon Killelea Brigid K. Chagpar Anees B. Horowitz Nina R. Lannin Donald R. 《Annals of surgical oncology》2015,22(8):2475-2482
Annals of Surgical Oncology - Multifocality and multicentricity are increasingly recognized in breast cancer. However, little is known about the characteristics and biology of these cancers and the... 相似文献
110.
Association of androgen‐deprivation therapy with excess cardiac‐specific mortality in men with prostate cancer 下载免费PDF全文
David R. Ziehr Ming‐Hui Chen Danjie Zhang Michelle H. Braccioforte Brian J. Moran Brandon A. Mahal Andrew S. Hyatt Shehzad S. Basaria Clair J. Beard Joshua A. Beckman Toni K. Choueiri Anthony V. D'Amico Karen E. Hoffman Jim C. Hu Neil E. Martin Christopher J. Sweeney Quoc‐Dien Trinh Paul L. Nguyen 《BJU international》2015,116(3):358-365