Therapeutic monitoring of digoxin and antiepileptic drugs in Egypt and Saudi Arabia

Retrospective analysis was undertaken of serum drug levels determined in 1996 of 580 Egyptian and 1299 Saudi samples and in 2001 of 2361 Saudi samples. Monitored drugs were digoxin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproic acid. The therapeutic drug monitoring results in 1996 showed no differences between the two countries in the rates of subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or toxic drug levels. When the levels of all drugs relative to therapeutic ranges were compared between the 1996 and 2001 Saudi data, a significant decrease in the rate of potentially toxic levels was seen in 2001.     

Ocular manifestation of Behçet disease (study of 50 patients consulting in dermatology department)

INTRODUCTION: Beh?et disease is a multisystemic vascularitis. Ocular affection is one of the major criteria of this disease. The aim of this study is to specify the clinical, therapeutical characteristics and the prognosis factors of the ocular affection in patients having BD and admitted to the dermatology department. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective investigation carried out in the dermatology department of Ibn Rochd university hospital center of Casablanca, Morroco, from Jannuary 1990 until December 2003. Two patient groups have been distinguished. The first one involved 50 patients (44,2%) having BD with ocular affection, and the second group involved 63 patients having BD without ocular affection. RESULTS: The mean age was 29 +/- 8 years in the first group VS 30 +/- 7,9 years in the 2(nd) group. The ocular affection was more frequent in males than in females (P < 0.05). The ocular manifestations were marked by uveitis and retinal periphlebitis. The frequency of the cutaneomucosal and joint manifestations was similar in both groups, whereas neurologic and vascular with ocular affections. The choice of the treatment depended on the type of ocular affection. Evolution was marked by blindness in 6 patients (12%). DISCUSSION: The ocular affection comes second after the cutanous mucuous affection. Males are more clearly affected than females. This allows saying that there is a marked effect of the sexual hormones on the ocular affection. Age is not predictive of this ocular affection. The ocular affection was severe in our series and was dominated by uveitis and vascularitis. We insist on the severity of ocular Beh?et and its evolution? Risk toward blindness especially concerning young man. Currently, the treatment is not codified; however, the encouraging outcome obtained with some immunosuppressive therapies would be better if this treatment was set up early. CONCLUSION: This study enebed us to re-examine the ocular manifestations of the Beh?et disease in the Maroccan population by the means of a consultation of Dermatology. Il should be noted that it is worse forecast because on the one hand of its frequent association to vascular and neurological affections and other share of the delay of consultation noted at the majority of our patients.     

Isolation and sequence determination of trichorzianines A antifungal peptides from Trichoderma harzianum

Trichorzianines A, membrane active peptides of the peptaibol class, were isolated from cultures of the mould Trichoderma harzianum. Trichorzianines A were separated into pure components by HPLC on octadecyl bonded and SiO₂ phases successively. Nine trichorzianines A (IIa, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IVb, Vb, VIa, VIb and VII) were isolated from the complex microheterogeneous mixture. Their N-terminal amino acid is acetylated, the C-terminal amino alcohol is either tryptophanol or phenylalaninol, 7 to 8 of the 19 residues are α-aminoisobutyric acid. Gas chromatography on a chiral phase showed isovaline to have the d -configuration and all the other optically active amino acids and amino alcohols to have the l -configuration. The amino acid sequences were determined from their positive ion FAB mass spectra which exhibited the preferential cleavage of the Aib 12-Pro 13 amide bond as a main fragmentation. The resulting fragments subsequently underwent amide bond ruptures that generated two series of abundant acylium ions which enabled direct determination of the 1–19 sequence. The relative position of the isomeric amino acids in the sequence of trichorzianine AVII was assigned from analysis of the N- and C-terminal oligopeptides yielded by its selective acidic hydrolysis. The microheterogeneity of trichorzianines A results mainly from single or multiple substitution of amino acids at the specific positions 5, 14, 16 and 19.     

PROLACTIN RESPONSE TO METOCLOPRAMIDE DOES NOT DISTINGUISH PATIENTS WITH HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM FROM DELAYED PUBERTY

The prolactin response to metoclopramide (MCP) was studied in 23 sexually immature males, 14 with isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) and nine with constitutional delayed puberty. Six of the 14 IHH patients had not been treated prior to our study, whereas eight had received long term therapy with testosterone or hCG for variable periods ranging from 1 to 20 years. We also measured the prolactin response to chlorpromazine (CPZ) in the untreated IHH men. In these untreated subjects, we observed a greatly diminished prolactin response after CPZ by comparison to that measured following MCP administration (peak 15 ng/ml, areas 86 units vs peak 43 ng/ml, area 416 units, respectively) (P<0.01). Furthermore, prolactin levels following MCP were similar in untreated (peak 43 ng/ml, area 416 units) and treated (peak 55 ng/ml, area 545 units, NS) IHH males as well as in boys with constitutional delayed puberty (peak 50 ng/ml, area 532 units, NS). In addition, responses in the three groups of patients were about half ( P <0-01) those measured in normal men (peak 81 ng/ml, area 845 units). These data indicate that, unlike CPZ, MCP is not useful in distinguishing patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism from boys with constitutional delayed puberty.