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OBJECTIVE: This report presents selected prevalence estimates for children ages 4-17 years with difficulties in emotions, concentration, behavior, or being able to get along with others using data from the 2001, 2002, and 2003 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). METHODS: Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI). In 2001, a total of 10,367 interviews were completed about sample children ages 4-17 years by the member of the household most knowledgeable about the child's health. The number of completed interviews about sample children ages 4-17 years was 9,512 in 2002 and 9,399 in 2003. Questions on children's emotional and behavioral difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were first asked in the NHIS in 2001. SUDAAN software was used to tabulate statistics shown in this report. RESULTS: In 2001, 2002, and 2003, approximately 5% of U.S. children ages 4-17 years had emotional or behavioral difficulties, and for approximately 80% of these children, there was an impact on their functioning. Children with difficulties in emotions, concentration, behavior, or being able to get along with others varied by sex, age, race, family structure, poverty status, and health insurance status. About 50% of these children were upset or distressed by their emotional or behavioral difficulties, and about 80% had difficulties that impacted their family life, friendships, learning, or leisure activities. 相似文献
135.
Messaoudi M Lefranc-Millot C Desor D Demagny B Bourdon L 《European journal of nutrition》2005,44(2):128-132
Summary
Background
Preclinical
results in rats have demonstrated
anxiolytic–like effects of a
tryptic bovine S1–casein hydrolysate.
Aim of the study
We investigated
the putative effects of
this tryptic hydrolysate on systolic
(SBP), diastolic (DBP) blood pressures,
heart rate (HR) values and
plasma cortisol concentrations
(CC) in human healthy volunteers
facing successive stress situations.
Methods
The subjects were (double
blind) randomly allocated to ingest
three times, 12 hours apart, two
capsules containing either 200 mg
of S1–casein hydrolysate (TS) or
bovine skimmed milk powder as a
placebo (CS). On the morning of
the test day, a first blood sample for
baseline measurement of CC was
taken before the subjects were submitted
to the Stroop test (ST) and,
after a 30–min rest, to a Cold Pressor
test (CPT). SBP, DBP, and HR
were continuously recorded for 5
min before the ST and during each
stress situation. A second blood
sample was taken 15 min after the
end of the CPT condition.
Results
ST and ST + CPT combined test situations
increased SBP, DBP and
HR. The significant Treatment × SBP and Treatment × DBP interactions
indicated the lower percentage
changes in SBP and DBP of
the TS. In addition, the results
showed a significant decrease of
the CC in the TS but not in the CS
throughout the ST + CPT combined
stress tests. HR remained stable in
TS between the initial rest period
and the CPT unlike what happened
in CS.
Conclusion
On the basis of
blood pressure and cortisol
changes, these results suggest an
antistress profile of this S1–casein
hydrolysate in human subjects. 相似文献
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O'Brien MF Connolly SS Kelly DG O'Brien A Quinlan DM Mulvin DW 《Irish journal of medical science》2004,173(1):23-26
Background Patients with prostate cancer with a pre-operative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) τ;15ng/ml who undergo radical retropubic
prostatectomy (RRP) generally do not have a good outcome, yet may have organ-confined cancer and should be offered the option
of surgery.
Aim To assess the outcome of patients who underwent RRP with a pre-operative PSA ≥ 15ng/ml.
Methods Thirty-four patients, mean pre-operative PSA: 25.46ng/ml (15.03–76.6) and mean Gleason score: 6.4 (5–9) were assessed.
Results Two groups were identified. Group I: 41% (14/34) have no biochemical recurrence to mean follow up of 58 months (30–106).
Mean PSA: 18.8ng/ml (15.03–25.84). Mean Gleason score: 6.1 (5–7). Clinical stage: T1c in 80%. No patient had seminal vesicle
or lymph node involvement. Group II: 59% (20/34) have biochemical recurrence or died (3) from their disease to mean follow
up of 66 months (36–98). Mean PSA: 28.9ng/ml (15.28–76.6). Mean Gleason score: 6.7 (5–9). Clinical stage: T1c in 25%. Eleven
patients had seminal vesicle (8) involvement or positive lymph nodes (3) or both (2).
Conclusion RRP seems feasible in patients whose pre-operative PSA is between 15 and 25ng/ml with stage T1c, Gleason score ≤ 7 and negative
lymph node frozen section. 相似文献
140.
Rationale. Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent that affects hypothalamic structures involved in the homeostatic and circadian regulation
of vigilance. Administered during sleep deprivation, it reduces the need for prolonged recovery sleep and decreases the rebound
in EEG slow-wave activity. These diachronic effects suggest an action of modafinil on a homeostatic sleep regulatory process.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether modafinil, in comparison to the d-amphetamine reference psychostimulant and to placebo, interferes with the vigilance regulatory processes reflected in the
EEG during waking.
Methods. Thirty-three healthy subjects were investigated during 60 h of sustained wakefulness in a double-blind placebo-controlled
parallel-design study. A 4-min maintenance-of-wakefulness test administered hourly allowed the concomitant assessment of alertness
and waking EEG activity. The effects of equipotent psychostimulant dosages (modafinil 300 mg and d-amphetamine 20 mg) were evaluated at the beginning of the first sleep deprivation night, at the end of the second sleep deprivation
night and in the afternoon preceding the first recovery night.
Results. One hour following ingestion, both psychostimulants increased alertness during 10–12 h, independently of the time of administration.
At the level of the waking EEG, d-amphetamine attenuated the natural circadian rhythm of the different frequency bands and suppressed the sleep deprivation-related
increase in low frequency (0.5–7 Hz) powers. In contrast, modafinil, which exhibited a transient amphetamine-like effect,
had slight effect on circadian rhythms. Its selective action was characterized by maintenance of the α1 (8.5–11.5 Hz) EEG power, which under placebo exhibited a homeostatic decrease paralleling that of alertness with a circadian
trough at night.
Conclusions. These findings demonstrate that the alertness-promoting effects of modafinil and d-amphetamine involve distinct EEG activities and do not reside on the same vigilance regulatory processes. While d-amphetamine inhibits the expression of a sleep-related process, probably through a direct cortical activation masking EEG
circadian rhythms, modafinil, through a synchronic effect, preferentially disrupts the homeostatic down-regulation of a waking
drive.
Electronic Publication 相似文献