Twiddler's Syndrome with Transvenous Defibrillators in the Pectoral Region

Advances in technology have enabled the implantation of defibrillators in the pectoral region. Complications encountered with pacemakers may also be observed with defibrillators. We describe two cases of twiddler's syndrome in patients with defibrillators implanted subcutaneously in the left pectoral region.     

Interatrial Conduction in Patients Undergoing AV Stimulation: Effects of Increasing Right Atrial Stimulation Rate

To evaluate the frequency of spontaneous or rate dependent interatrial blocks, the interatrial conduction time (IACT) was studied on 100 consecutive patients (mean age 78.3 ±7.8 years) during a transvenous dual chamber pacemaker implant. The spontaneous interatrial conduction time (SIACT) was measured from the intrinsic deflection (ID) of the unipolar right atrial signal to the ID of the left atrial signal recorded in a bipoiar way by an esophageal lead. The paced interatrial conduction time (PIACT) was measured from the stimulus artifact to the left atrial ID, when the atrium was paced at a slightly higher rate than the spontaneous rate and during incremental atrial pacing. From these measurements, the maximum increase ofPIACT (MIPIACT) was deduced. In this elderly population, the PIACT was similar (117 ± 26.9 msec) to the data in the literature. However, there were large interindividual variations that were also found in SIACT. We found a close correlation between SIACT and PIACT (P < 0.0001). PIACT was on average 50 msec longer than SIACT. SIACT increased with age (P < 0.03). The MIPIACT was 15.3 ± 15.2 msec. In the majority of patients, the MIPIACT was > 10 msec, and even reached 90 msec in one patient. MIPIACT was longer in patients with a PIACT exceeding 110 msec (P < 0.004). Based on IACT alone, the AV interval must be lengthened on average by 50 msec when changing from atrial tracking-ventricular pacing to atrial pacing-ventricular pacing, but large individual differences must be kept in mind. Elderly people should probably have a longer AV delay.     

颅脑手术医院感染的临床分析

目的 分析神经外科颅脑手术后医院感染的发生情况及其相关危险因素,探讨预防及控制对策.方法 对2010年3-9月神经外科接受颅脑手术的住院患者发生医院感染的部位、病原菌种类、相关危险因素等进行调查.结果 共调查465例颅脑手术住院患者,发生医院感染56例,感染率为12.03％,感染部位以下呼吸道及颅内感染居多,分别占46.15％、43.07％;logistic回归分析显示,感染的主要危险因素为手术时间、ICU住院天数及术前住院天数.结论 神经外科颅脑手术医院感染率较高,应重视颅脑手术医院感染的预防与控制,针对不同的危险因素采取相应的预防措施.     

电子门诊日志在传染病监测管理中的应用

传染病疫情报告是国家于1989年确立的法定制度,做好疫情报告是落实传染病防治相应法律、法规的一项重要基础工作.门诊日志可为传染病疫情监督提供重要基础资料,电子门诊日志是门诊医生完成诊疗工作的工具,不仅可收集居民的个人基础信息,还可记录疾病发展动态,同时也记录患者在医疗机构历次就诊过程中产生的完整、详细的健康信息.将其应用于传染病管理、监测、统计及各种新发传染病原始信息的追踪,电子门诊日志具有重要意义.     

Induction of bone formation in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds by bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and primary osteoblasts

Bone tissue engineering strategies mainly depend on porous scaffold materials. In this study, novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) matrices were generated by 3D‐printing. High porosity was achieved by starch consolidation. This study aimed to characterise the porous BCP‐scaffold properties and interactions of osteogenic cells and growth factors under in vivo conditions. Five differently treated constructs were implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic rats: plain BCP constructs (group A), constructs pre‐treated with BMP‐2 (group B; 1.6 µg BMP‐2 per scaffold), seeded with primary osteoblasts (OB) (group C), seeded with OB and BMP‐2 (group D) and constructs seeded with OB and pre‐cultivated in a flow bioreactor for 6 weeks (group E). After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, specimens were explanted and subjected to histological and molecular biological analyses. Explanted scaffolds were invaded by fibrovascular tissue without significant foreign body reactions. Morphometric analysis demonstrated significantly increased bone formation in samples from group D (OB + BMP‐2) compared to all other groups. Samples from groups B‐E displayed significant mRNA expression of bone‐specific genes after 6 weeks. Pre‐cultivation in the flow bioreactor (group E) induced bone formation comparable with group B. In this study, differences in bone distribution between samples with BMP‐2 or osteoblasts could be observed. In conclusion, combination of osteoblasts and BMP‐2 synergistically enhanced bone formation in novel ceramic scaffolds. These results provide the basis for further experiments in orthotopic defect models with a focus on future applications in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.