Effect of ambient temperature on the thermal profile of the human forearm,hand, and fingers

Forearm, hand, and finger skin temperatures were measured on the right and left sides of seven resting men. The purpose was to determine the bilateral symmetry of these segmental temperature profiles at ambient temperatures from 10 to 45°C. Thermistors placed on the right and left forearms, hands, and index fingers were used to monitor the subjects until equilibration was reached at each ambient temperature. Additionally, thermal profiles of both hands were measured with copper-constantan thermocouples. During one experimental condition (23°C ambient), rectal, ear canal, and 24 skin temperatures were measured on each subject. Average body and average skin temperatures are given for each subject at the 23°C ambient condition. Detailed thermal profiles are also presented for the dorsal, ventral, and circumferential left forearm, hand, and finger skin temperatures at 23°C ambient. No significant differences were found between the mean skin temperatures of the right and left contralateral segments at any of the selected ambient temperatures.     

Comparisons Between Mothers' and Teachers' Evaluations of Developmental Status

The relationship between mothers' and teachers' estimates ofthe developmental level of mentally retarded children was examined.Ratings were obtained from mothers and teachers to determinethe extent of agreement in the 5 skill areas assessed by theDevelopmental Profile. Estimates also were compared to the child'sdevelopmental level as measured by an individual intelligencetest. Correlations between mothers' and teachers' estimateson each scale of the Developmental Profile ranged from .63 to.81. Significant differences between mothers' and teachers'ratings on the Developmental Profile were found on the PhysicalScale, the Self-Help Scale, and the Communication Scale. Correlationsbetween the Stanford-Binet IQ and the Developmental ProfileIQE were .51 and .63 for mothers and teachers, respectively,and the difference between these correlations was nonsignificant.Mothers' ratings on the Developmental Profile (IQE) were within10 points of the Stanford-Binet IQ for 57 percent of the sample,while the teachers' ratings were within 10 points of the Stanford-Binetfor 83 percent of the children. The utility of the DevelopmentalProfile in evaluating the developmentaly disabled child is discussed.     

Position of rectal fistula in relation to the hymen in 46 girls with imperforate anus.

Forty-six records of infant girls with so-called imperforate anus have been reviewed to determine the position of the rectal opening in relation to the hymen. Eight of these children proved to have the cloacal deformity, in which the rectum enters high into a single tube and just behind the opening of a double or septate vagina, with the urethra entering anteriorly at the same level. No normal hymen was visible in these eight children. Seventeen patients had a normal-appearing hymen, and no rectal opening on the perineum. In each of these 17 children the rectal opening was found above the tissue flap overlying the posterior vestibule. In the remaining 21 patients, the hymen was visible and appeared normal, and there was a rectal opening somewhere on the perineum between the vestibule and the normal position for the external sphincters. These findings suggest that in the presence of a normal-appearing hymen, and in the absence of a normal anus, the rectal opening will be either in the posterior part of the vestibule or on the perineum. Where no hymen was visible, we have found in a limited experience that the rectal opening was high in the pelvis in some degree of the so-called cloacal deformity.     

Effects of intracranial oculomotor nerve stimulation on ocular blood flow in rabbits: Modification by indomethacin

The oculomotor nerve was stimulated intracranially and regional blood flow in the eye was determined by using labelled microspheres. Stereotactic insertion of the electrode and/or electrical stimulation to test its position caused a long-lasting increase in choroidal blood flow. This effect could not be prevented by pretreatment with 20 mg/kg body weight indomethacin. Stimulation of the nerve 10–20 min after the insertion of the electrode caused miosis and a marked reduction in blood flow in the anterior uvea. In the ciliary processes that could be scraped off the iris the blood flow was 24±7% lower than on the control side. In the rest of the iris-ciliary body preparation the flow was reduced by 53±4%. In animals pretreated with indomethacin the corresponding figures were 51±8% and 75±4%, respectively. The results indicate that the stimulation applied caused a vasoconstriction in the anterior uvea which was potentiated by indomethacin. The anatomical basis for this effect and for the long-lasting vasodilation that was produced in the choroid remains unknown.