Anti‐fibrotic and Anti‐tumorigenic Effects of Rhein,a Natural Anthraquinone Derivative,in Mammalian Stellate and Carcinoma Cells

Anthraquinone compounds have been recognized to possess antiinflammatory, anti‐fibrotic and anti‐tumour properties and thus applied in human and veterinary therapeutics as active substances of medicinal products. Amongst the anthraquinones isolated from Rheum palmatum, also known as da‐huang, rhein was detected as one of the highest metabolite contents in the bloodstream of mammals. The biological activities of rhein therefore deserve detailed investigation. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism of inhibitory actions of rhein on fibrotic and tumorigenic processes by means of various biochemical assays, such as immunofluorescent staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting analyses in rat pancreatic stellate cells (LTC‐14), human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PANC‐1) and human colon carcinoma cells (SW480 and SW620). Our results demonstrated that the application of rhein notably suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of various fibrotic and tumorigenic mediators including alpha‐smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, fibronectin, N‐cadherin and matrix metalloproteinases in the testing mammalian cells. The mechanism of the suppressive actions of rhein was associated with the modulation of the sonic hedgehog and serine‐threonine kinase signalling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that rhein may serve as a therapeutic or an adjuvant agent in anti‐fibrotic and anti‐tumorigenic approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

平消胶囊联合龙血竭胶囊治疗结节性甲状腺肿

目的：评价平消胶囊联合龙血竭胶囊治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。方法收集2013年5月－2014年1月江苏省中医院门诊结节性甲状腺肿患者100例,按完全随机分原则分为2组各50例。除低碘饮食外,治疗组予平消胶囊（1.15 g,3次/d）及龙血竭胶囊（1.2 g,3次/d）,对照组予左甲状腺素,共3个月。检测治疗前后甲状腺结节最大直径和甲状腺功能。结果治疗组1例、对照组3例失访。治疗组甲状腺结节最大直径较治疗前显著缩小[(1.49±0.69)cm比(2.14±0.87)cm;t＝4.113,P＝0.000],对照组则与治疗前无显著差异[(1.94±1.15)cm 比(2.21±1.03)cm;t＝1.220,P＝0.226]。治疗组[(0.83±0.11)ng/dl比(0.77±0.15)ng/dl;t＝2.266,P＝0.026]和对照组[(0.78±0.16)ng/dl比(0.64±0.23)ng/dl;t＝3.459, P＝0.001]游离甲状腺素水平均较治疗前显著增高,但治疗组增高更显著（P＜0.01）;对照组促甲状腺素水平较治疗前显著下降[(1.44±1.59)U/ml比(2.28±0.92)U/ml;t＝3.208,P＝0.002],但治疗组较治疗前无显著差异[(1.98±1.09)U/ml比(2.31±0.87)U/ml;t＝1.667,P＝0.099]。治疗组[(3.31±0.29)pg/ml比(3.27±0.31)pg/ml;t＝0.663,P＝0.509]和对照组[(3.39±0.13)pg/ml 比(3.44±0.16)pg/ml;t＝1.694,P＝0.094]游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸水平均较治疗无显著差异。治疗后,治疗组总有效率为83.7%（41/49）,对照组为63.8%（30/47）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝3.929,P＝0.048）。结论平消胶囊联合龙血竭胶囊可缩小甲状腺结节。     

推拿手法对高血压患者血压及血压变异性的影响(英文)

目的:观察推拿手法对高血压患者的血压及血压变异性的影响。方法:选取高血压患者40例,将其随机分为观察组和药物组,每组20例。观察组在常规药物治疗基础上予以"益肾活血通脉"推拿手法治疗,药物组仅采用与观察组相同的常规药物治疗。分别于治疗前及治疗3个月后行24-hour动态血压监测,比较两组患者血压及血压变异性的变化。结果:治疗前两组患者的血压及血压变异系数组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,两组患者血压及血压变异系数均较本组治疗前显著改善(P<0.05);观察组改善情况优于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:"益肾活血通脉"推拿手法结合常规药物对高血压患者的血压及血压变异性改善情况优于单纯常规药物治疗,且操作方便,无毒副作用,适宜临床推广应用。     

鲨肝活性肽对对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨鲨肝活性肽(sHSS)对对乙酰氨基酚(AAP)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法用AAP(200 mg·kg^-1,ip)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤,用改良赖氏法测血清ALT和AST,通过光镜和电镜观察肝细胞显微和亚显微结构的变化,用流式细胞仪分析肝细胞凋亡,同时用RT-PCR方法分析Fas mRNA表达水平。结果sHSS 3.0和1.5 mg·kg^-1可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST的水平;改善模型鼠肝组织细胞坏死及炎症反应;高剂量sHSS(3 mg·kg^-1)对肝线粒体具有保护作用,下调Fas mRNA的表达水平,并具有抗凋亡作用。结论sHSS对AAP诱导的肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与保护肝线粒体、抑制Fas基因表达及肝细胞凋亡有关。     

2837例妊娠中期孕妇羊水间期细胞荧光原位杂交检测胎儿染色体异常的残余风险

目的 评估妊娠中期羊水间期细胞荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测后漏诊非13、18、21、X或Y染色体非整倍体异常核型的残余风险. 方法 对中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院2010年1月1日至2013年7月31日2 837例妊娠中期行羊膜腔穿刺术同时行间期细胞FISH检测和传统核型分析的病例及其结果进行回顾性分析.采用GLP 13/GLP21/CSP 18/CSPX/CSPY探针针对13、18、21、X或Y染色体进行间期细胞FISH检测.计算具有三大产前诊断指征(孕妇高龄、母体血清学筛查18或21-三体高风险、妊娠23周前超声发现胎儿有结构异常)的孕妇间期细胞FISH检测的检出率以及残余风险. 结果 2 837例标本中,共85例(3.0％)羊水细胞染色体核型分析异常.85例中的73例为13、18、21、X或Y染色体非整倍体的异常核型,间期细胞FISH结果均为阳性,其中21-三体共43例(包括2例嵌合体)、18-三体1 5例、13-三体l例、性染色体非整倍体14例(包括4例嵌合体).12例(14.1％)异常结果为非13、1 8、21、X或Y染色体的非整倍体,包括平衡性结构重排6例、非平衡性结构重排5例、其他染色体非整倍体1例.这12例中,间期细胞FISH结果阳性3例,均涉及21号染色体的不平衡性结构异常;阴性9例,其中4例遗传性平衡性重排和2例新生平衡性重排.2 837例病例间期细胞FISH分析对染色体异常的检出率为89.4％(76/85),异常核型漏诊率为14.1％(12/85),残余风险为0.43％(12/2 761). 结论 间期细胞FISH检测是核型分析的有效补充,但不能取代核型分析,单纯间期细胞FISH检测进行产前诊断可能漏诊部分染色体结构异常.在产前遗传咨询时,应向患者解释间期细胞FISH的检出率和残余风险,合理选择产前诊断方法.     

Retinal flavoprotein fluorescence correlates with mitochondrial stress, apoptosis, and chemokine expression

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction occur before apoptosis in many retinal diseases. Under these conditions, a larger fraction of flavoproteins become oxidized and, when excited by blue-light, emit green flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF). In this study, we evaluated the utility of FPF as an early indicator of mitochondrial stress, pre-apoptotic cellular instability, and apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or monocytes (unstimulated or interferon-γ-stimulated) in vitro and of freshly-isolated pieces of human and rat neural retina subjected to H₂O₂ex vivo. Increased FPF of HRPE cells exposed to H₂O₂ correlated with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. HRPE cells co-cultured with monocytes had increased FPF that correlated in a time-dependent manner with reduced ΔΨm, increased apoptosis, and early expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, interleukin-8 (IL8) and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 (MCP1), which are known to be induced by oxidative stress. Increased FPF, reduced ΔΨm, and upregulation of IL8 and MCP1 occurred as early as 1–2 h after exposure to stressors, while apoptosis did not occur in HRPE cells until later time points. The antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), inhibited increased FPF and apoptosis of HRPE cells subjected to H₂O₂. Increased FPF of human and rat neural retina also correlated with increased apoptosis. This study suggests that FPF is a useful measure of mitochondrial function in retinal cells and tissues and can detect early mitochondrial dysfunction that may precede apoptosis.     

EMIT法和FPIA法监测全血环孢素A浓度相关性比较

目的 比较酶放大免疫法(EMIT)与荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)监测全血中环孢素A(CsA)浓度的测定结果,并进行相关性分析.方法 收集126例/次临床使用环孢素A的患者稳态浓度血样,分别用EMIT法及FPIA法测定,并考察两种方法测定结果的相关程度.结果 2种不同方法测定CsA血药浓度平均值(x±s)分别为EMIT法:(205.77±117.65)ng/mL;FPIA法:(186.49±112.16)ng/mL,以SPSS 19.0对经对数转换后的两组浓度数据进行配对样本T佥验,其P=0.00,即两种测定方法有显著性差异.将患者分为肾移植组(63例/次),肝移植组(17例/次),干细胞移植组(31例/次),肾病综合征组(15例/次).以SPSS19.0对四组浓度数据分别进行组内的配对样本T检验,得到肾移植组与肝移植组P＜0.05,差异具统计学意义.干细胞移植组与肾病综合征组P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论 对CsA进行治疗药物监测时应考虑不同分析方法的影响.     

千层塔中三萜成分的研究

前曾报道自千层塔[Huperzia serrata Thunb.(Trev)=Lycopodium serratum Thunb(Trev.)]中分得具有胆碱酯酶抑制活性的新生物碱——石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙、甲基石杉碱乙及已知生物碱8-deoxyserratinine,serratinine,lycodoline及lycoclavine。为进一步阐明该植物的化学成分,我们对其三萜成分进行了研究。从浙江安吉产的千层塔植物中分到六个石松三萜,其中一个为新化合物,经下述方法推定为serratenediol-21-acetate(Ⅰ)。另五     

《慢性胃炎中医临床实践指南》的特色和临床解读

《慢性胃炎中医临床实践指南》是我国第一部按照循证医学方法编制的临床实践指南,该指南与现有的其他现有行业共识比较,具有其自身的特色,本文对该指南的要点进行解读,为临床提供参考。