Immune responses against SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induced by DNA vaccine

The nucleocapsid （N） protein of SARS-coronavirus （SARS-CoV） is the key protein for the formation of the helical nucleocapsid during virion assembly. This protein is believed to be more conserved than other proteins of the virus, such as spike and membrane glycoprotein. In this study, the N protein of SARS-CoV was expressed in Escherichia coli DHSalpha and identified with pooled sera from patients in the convalescence phase of SARS. A plasmid pCI-N, encoding the full-length N gene of SARS-CoV, was constructed. Expression of the N protein was observed in COS1 cells following transfection with pCI-N. The immune responses induced by intramuscular immunization with pCI-N were evaluated in a murine model. Serum anti-N immunoglobutins and splenocytes proliferative responses against N protein were observed in immunized BALB/c mice. The major immunoglobulin G subclass recognizing N protein was immunoglobulin G2a, and stimulated splenocytes secreted high levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 in response to N protein. More importantly, the immunized mice produced strong delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and CD^8＋ CTL responses to N protein.     

范永升教授诊治系统性红斑狼疮经验

范永升教授认为系统性红斑狼疮的病因病机以肾虚为本,热毒、瘀血为标;在辨病辨证基础上,以解毒祛瘀滋肾为大法并结合西药综合治疗,取得了较好疗效。     

大鼠心肌组织中高能磷酸化物的含量测定

目的 建立了同步测定大鼠心肌组织中5种高能磷酸化物含量的反相离子对高效液相色谱法,并观察异丙肾上腺素致害大鼠心肌损伤模型中能量代谢的变化。方法 色谱柱:Supelco ODS-C₁₈(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温:23℃～25℃;UV检测波长210nm;流动相:220mmol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液(含3mmol·L^-1四丁基氢氧化铵和7%甲醇),pH6.5;流速1.2ml·min^-1和1.3ml·min^-1。结果 5种能量代谢物质ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP和Cr达到良好分离,ATP、ADP、CrP在10～100μmol·L^-1,AMP在100～500μmol·L^-1,Cr在100～1000μmol·L^-1浓度范围,峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系。日内和日间精密度的RSD均<10%,ATP、ADP、AMP、CrP及Cr的提取回收率(%)平均为:97.86、104.38、100.00、97.64和98.8。与生理盐水组相比,ISO致害大鼠心室组织中ATP含量及能荷(EC)显著下降(P<0.05)、ADP呈下降而AMP呈上升趋势，CrP含量显著上升（P<0.01）。结论 本法操作简便、结果准确，可以用于大鼠心肌组织提取液中高能磷酸化物的测定和能量代谢状况的研究。     

胸膜间皮瘤19例临床分析

目的总结１９例胸膜间皮瘤的诊断经验。方法分析１９例胸膜间皮瘤的临床资料,包括年龄、石棉接触史、临床表现、影像学检查、实验室检查和转移情况。结果１９例患者均无明确石棉接触史;８例（４２．１％）无明显胸痛;９例（４７．４％）单纯右侧胸腔积液;２例（１０．５％）臂丛神经受影响;１例（５．２６％）胸水中查到恶性间皮细胞;９例（４７．４％）Ｂ超检查发现胸膜肥厚或结节;１３例（６８．４％）ＣＴ检查发现胸膜结节状病灶。结论石棉接触史并非胸膜间皮瘤的唯一病因;胸痛并非胸膜间皮瘤诊断的必要条件;Ｂ超和ＣＴ检查对临床发现胸膜间皮瘤有提示作用。     

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Cancer Biomarker: Consensus and Recommendations

On May 3, 2008, a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored open consensus conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during the 2008 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Meeting. Approximately 100 experts and stakeholders summarized the current understanding of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and reached consensus on the use of DW-MRI as a cancer imaging biomarker. DW-MRI should be tested as an imaging biomarker in the context of well-defined clinical trials, by adding DW-MRI to existing NCI-sponsored trials, particularly those with tissue sampling or survival indicators. Where possible, DW-MRI measurements should be compared with histologic indices including cellularity and tissue response. There is a need for tissue equivalent diffusivity phantoms; meanwhile, simple fluid-filled phantoms should be used. Monoexponential assessments of apparent diffusion coefficient values should use two b values (> 100 and between 500 and 1000 mm²/sec depending on the application). Free breathing with multiple acquisitions is superior to complex gating techniques. Baseline patient reproducibility studies should be part of study designs. Both region of interest and histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements should be obtained. Standards for measurement, analysis, and display are needed. Annotated data from validation studies (along with outcome measures) should be made publicly available. Magnetic resonance imaging vendors should be engaged in this process. The NCI should establish a task force of experts (physicists, radiologists, and oncologists) to plan, organize technical aspects, and conduct pilot trials. The American College of Radiology Imaging Network infrastructure may be suitable for these purposes. There is an extraordinary opportunity for DW-MRI to evolve into a clinically valuable imaging tool, potentially important for drug development.     

旱莲草中总黄酮和鞣质的超声提取与含量测定

目的：从旱莲草中提取总黄酮和鞣质，并测定其含量。方法：运用超声技术提取旱莲草总黄酮和鞣质，用比色法测定总黄酮含量，配位滴定法测定鞣质的含量。结果：测得旱莲草中总黄酮含量为0．704％，平均回收率为100．3％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．77％（n=5）；鞣质含量为4．82％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．939％（n=3）。结论：运用超声技术从旱莲草中提取总黄酮和鞣质，反应速度加快，提高了提取效率。     

老龙皮多糖的研究

老龙皮经热水提取,乙醇沉淀及进一步精制得LOK(Lobaria kurokauae)多糖,经SephadexG-75柱层析为一组均一多糖,糖含量为82.4％。气相色谱分析含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖。其克分子比为1.00:1.34:1.12:10.13:6.99:6.47。经Sephadex G-200柱层析测定,平均分子量为1.5×10~4。经高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,有甲酸、丙三醇、丁四醇生成,红外光谱在842cm~(-1)有吸收,说明LOK多糖结构主要以α(1→4)、a(1→6)苷键连接而成的杂多糖。     

炮制对乌头母根、子根中生物碱类成分的影响与其自身含量差异的比较研究

目的：比较炮制对乌头各部位中生物碱类成分的影响与其自身含量差异。方法：以滴定法测定总生物碱的含量,高效液相色谱法测定三种双酯型生物碱和三种单酯型生物碱的含量。结果：生川乌、生附子中总生物碱的平均含量分别为1．09％,1．33％。生川乌、生附子中三种双酯型生物碱含量总和分别为0．74％,0．96％;生川乌、生附子中三种单酯型生物碱的含量分别为0．032％,0．001％。生川乌炮制后的总生物碱含量为0．55％,三种单酯型生物碱含量为0．125％;附子的两个炮制品,白附片和黑顺片总生物碱含量降低,其含量分别为0．07％和0．05％,白附片、黑顺片中三种单酯型生物碱略有升高,其含量均为0．012％。炮制品中三种双酯型生物碱均未检测到。三种炮制品中总生物碱含量比为,制川乌：白附片：黑顺片＝11∶1．4∶1,三种单酯型生物碱含量比为,制川乌：白附片：黑顺片＝10．5∶1∶1。结论：乌头不同部位中生物碱的含量差异较小,炮制后生物碱类成分含量变化较大。炮制对乌头不同部位中生物碱类成分的影响要大于其自身含量差异。     

脂肪酸代谢异常是二甲基亚硝胺诱导的大鼠肝纤维化发病机制之一

目的：二甲基亚硝胺（DMN）诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型是经典的动物模型,其病理变化与人类肝纤维化发生相类似。普遍观点认为,DMN化学刺激导致肝细胞的损伤,是诱导肝纤维化发生的直接原因,然而其具体的发病机制并不清楚。糖脂代谢异常是脂肪性肝病发生的主要原因之一。糖脂代谢紊乱是否也在DMN诱导肝纤维化模型中占有重要地位,至今尚不清楚。本研究采用全基因芯片技术与生物信息技术相结合方式,研究糖脂代谢异常与DMN诱导肝纤维化之间关系。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠每周前3天连续腹腔注射10mg?kg^-1DMN,持续4周,正常组大鼠给予等量生理盐水。造模2周末,正常组和模型组各5只大鼠做动态观察;造模4周末,剩余大鼠被全部处死,收集肝脏标本。进行肝组织全基因芯片分析,将结果导入生物信息分析软件IPA进行分析。结果：2周模型组与正常组之间、4周模型组与正常组之间共有55个共同差异基因（logRatio>2）。共同差异基因构成的分子网络,主要参与了9条信号通路,它们与炎症、免疫、肝纤维化、脂代谢和血管新生有密切关系。在造模2周（肝纤维化形成期）时,以脂肪酸代谢异常为主要表现;在造模4周（肝硬化形成期）时,以细胞增殖为主要表现。结论：脂肪酸代谢紊乱可能是DMN诱导肝纤维大鼠发病机制之一。