胆囊切除术后腹泻的研究进展

胆囊切除术后腹泻(PCD)是胆囊切除术后综合征(PCS)的常见症状之一,不仅发病率高,且严重影响患者的工作和生活。因此,PCD的治疗已逐渐成为研究热点。然而,目前PCD的发病机制及其治疗方法尚不明确。本文就PCD的相关流行病学、病理生理、发病机制及治疗策略等方面进行综述。     

海南虎刺枝叶中化学成分及其抗类风湿性关节炎活性研究

目的 研究茜草科虎刺属植物海南虎刺Damnacanthus hainanensis枝叶中的化学成分及其抗类风湿性关节炎活性。方法 综合运用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型HPLC等色谱技术进行系统分离和纯化,根据分离得到化合物的理化性质及其波谱数据,并通过与文献中报道的波谱数据进行比对,鉴定化合物的结构;采用MTS法通过对分离得到化合物的体外抑制滑膜细胞增殖的活性进行测试以评价其抗类风湿性关节炎活性。结果 从海南虎刺枝叶的甲醇提取物中分离得到了18个化合物,分别鉴定为naucleidinal（1）、1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-1-one（2）、19-O-methyl-3,14-dihydroangustoline（3）、latifoliamide B（4）、latifoliamide D（5）、bacilsubteramide A（6）、vinmajine I（7）、naucleofficine D（8）、1-甲氧甲酰-β-咔巴啉（9）、naphthisoxazol A（10）、1,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone（11）、rubiadin-1-methyl ether（12）、1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone（13）、3,6-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthra quinone（14）、7-羟基色原酮（15）、5,7-二羟基色原酮（16）、6,4''-dihydroxy-3''-methoxyaurone（17）和farnisin（18）。抗类风湿性关节炎活性评价结果表明,化合物11～14、17和18对滑膜成纤维MH7A细胞增殖抑制活性的半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration,IC₅₀）值为（8.93±0.09）～（152.58±0.32）μmol/L。结论 所有化合物均为首次从虎刺属植物中分离得到。化合物11～14、17和18表现出了较为显著的抗类风湿性关节炎活性。     

脂质体介导Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对胆管癌细胞株QBC939的作用

目的：观察Bcl-2反义硫代磷酸寡脱氧核苷酸（ASODN）对人胆管癌QBC939细胞的作用及对Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响。方法：脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导Bcl-2 ASODN转染QBC939细胞,应用台盼篮拒染实验检测细胞存活率、克隆形成实验检测克隆形成率、Western blot检测Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果：Bcl-2 ASODN转染后Bcl-2蛋白免疫印迹条带光密度显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;台盼篮拒染实验和克隆形成实验均显示Bcl-2 ASODN可以部分抑制QBC939细胞增殖,经ASODN作用,细胞的存活率和克隆形成率均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：Bcl-2 ASODN通过封闭人胆管癌QBC939细胞bcl-2基因表达抑制人胆管癌QBC939细胞的增殖。     

Alosetron versus traditional pharmacotherapy in clinical practice: effects on resource use,health-related quality of life,safety and symptom improvement in women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Objective: Severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and increased health care costs. Treatment recommendations for IBS-D often start with traditional pharmacotherapy (TP), with escalation to alosetron, rifaximin or eluxadoline if there is no success. There has been no previous head-to-head clinical trial comparing IBS-D treatment outcome for alosetron versus TP. This study, GSK protocol S3B30020, evaluated resource use, work productivity, health-related quality of life and global symptom response in women with IBS-D who were treated with alosetron or TP.

Methods: A total of 1956 patients who met criteria for severe IBS-D were randomized to treatment with alosetron 1?mg twice daily (BID) or only TP for up to 24 weeks. Work productivity and resource use were evaluated by standard questionnaires, HRQOL by the IBSQOL instrument and IBS symptoms by the Global Improvement Scale (GIS).

Results: Compared to only TP, alosetron-treated patients reported: (1) fewer clinic/office visits for any health problem (p?=?.0181) or for IBS-D (p?=?.0004); (2) reduced use of over-the-counter medications for IBS-D (p < .0001); (3) fewer days of lost work productivity (p < .0001); (4) decreased restriction of social and outdoor activities (p < .0001); and (5) greater global improvement in IBS-D symptoms (p < .0001). Alosetron treatment improved HRQOL scores for all domains (p < .0001). Incidence of adverse events during alosetron use was not remarkable and was similar to that previously reported.

Conclusions: Alosetron 1?mg BID significantly reduced health care utilization and lost productivity, and significantly improved global IBS symptoms, HRQOL, and participation in outdoor and social activities compared with treatment response to TP.     

Reappraisal of the characteristics of glucose abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence suggesting the mutual link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the impact of HCV infection on the suite of glucose abnormalities has rarely been investigated. The study aimed to determine the difference regarding the prevalence and the characteristics of glucose abnormalities between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and community-based controls. It also aimed to investigate the related clinical, virological, and histological features of glucose abnormalities in HCV infection.
METHODS: Six hundred eighty-three CHC patients and 515 sex-/age-matched controls were included. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 522 CHC patients and 447 controls without known T2DM. Clinical data were assessed upon the different stages of glucose abnormalities based on OGTT results.
RESULTS: The prevalence of normoglycemia, IGT, and T2DM in 683 CHC patients was 27.7%, 34.6%, and 37.8%, respectively. There was a significant linear trend from normoglycemia to T2DM in terms of age, family history of T2DM, and advanced liver fibrosis in CHC patients. For those CHC patients without fibrosis, the prevalence of glucose abnormalities reached 67.9% high. All CHC patients carried a significantly higher prevalence than controls regarding those aged <65 yr. For those without known DM, there was a 3.5-fold increase in the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in CHC (65.8%) patients in comparison with controls (35.3%) (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.70–4.56, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: CHC patients carried a high prevalence of glucose abnormalities. Determination of glucose abnormalities by OGTT may be suggested.     

关节镜下内减压术治疗膝关节半月板囊肿的应用

目的：分析探讨关节镜下减压术治疗膝关节半月板囊肿的临床效果。方法选取该院2012年12月—2013年12月收治的膝关节半月板囊肿患者72例,采用膝关节镜下内减压术及半月板部分或全部切除或缝合治疗,术后指导患者进行膝关节功能锻炼。对所有患者进行随访,术前术后均进行膝关节Lysholm 功能评分,对比观察疗效。结果术前Lysholm 功能评分为（58.6±9.2）分,明显高于术后评分（93.3±4.6）分,术前术后评分对比t=18.167,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论关节镜下减压术及切除或缝合半月板治疗膝关节半月板囊肿具有非常好的疗效,创伤较小,术后患者的膝关节功能恢复情况良好,可以显著提高患者的生活质量,对膝关节稳定性及生理功能干扰较小,值得临床大力推广。     

The Mood Stabilizer Lithium Potentiates the Antidepressant-Like Effects and Ameliorates Oxidative Stress Induced by Acute Ketamine in a Mouse Model of Stress

Background:

Evidence suggests that mammalian target of rapamycin activation mediates ketamine’s rapid but transient antidepressant effects and that glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibits this pathway. However, ketamine has associated psychotomimetic effects and a high risk of abuse. The mood stabilizer lithium is a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor with strong antisuicidal properties. Here, we used a mouse stress model to investigate whether adjunct lithium treatment would potentiate ketamine’s antidepressant-like effects.

Methods:

Mice received chronic restraint stress and long-term pre- or postketamine lithium treatment in drinking water. The effects of lithium on ketamine-induced antidepressant-like effects, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and dendritic spine density in the brain of mice were investigated.

Results:

Subtherapeutic (600mg/L) lithium-pretreated mice exhibited an antidepressant-like response to an ineffective ketamine (2.5mg/kg, intraperitoneally) challenge in the forced swim test. Both the antidepressant-like effects and restoration of dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex of stressed mice induced by a single ketamine (50mg/kg) injection were sustained by postketamine treatment with 1200mg/L of lithium for at least 2 weeks. These benefits of lithium treatments were associated with activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex. Acute ketamine (50mg/kg) injection also significantly increased lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and oxidized glutathione levels in stressed mice. Notably, these oxidative stress markers were completely abolished by pretreatment with 1200mg/L of lithium.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy and justify the use of lithium in patients who benefit from ketamine.     

Treatment of retroperitoneal echinococcosis: the experience of a single center

Retroperitoneal echinococcosis (RE) is a rare condition that is associated with a high mortality and disability rate. It is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, a high risk of surgery, and is extremely difficult to manage. There is no uniform standard for determining the exact form of surgical method and the timing of surgery.This was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and surgical management of patients diagnosed with RE in our hospital between 2012 and 2019.Between 2012 and 2019, 1257 cases of echinococcosis and 121 cases of RE were diagnosed in our hospital. Of these, 68 cases involved surgical treatment, 53 involved non-surgical treatment, and 12 cases were lost to follow-up (4 cases in the surgical group and 8 cases in the non-surgical group). Thus, 109 cases were followed-up. RE cases were divided according to different treatment methods into a radical resection group (Group A, 31 cases), a non-radical resection group (Group B, 37 cases), and a non-surgical group (Group C, 53 cases). We carried out a detailed analysis of the 109 cases experiencing surgical intervention with effective follow-up.Our analysis found that radical resection is the first line of treatment of RE, although non-radical surgery can benefit most patients. It is important to emphasize the importance of the first round of surgery, particularly in cases involving hepatic echinococcosis. If the lesion can be removed radically during the first round of surgery, then radical surgery should be performed.