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81.
82.
OBJECTIVE: This purpose of this study was to estimate the value of HIV prevention using the contingent valuation methodology.
METHODS: Two convenience samples of 452 high-risk individuals (homosexual) and 155 low-risk individuals (heterosexual) were collected from selected sites across the state of Missouri. Subjects completed a 60 item questionnaire on their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and sexual behaviors. A series of willingness to pay (WTP) questions were asked to estimate the value of 98% protection (i.e., condom use) and 100% protection (i.e., abstinence) from HIV infection. Additionally, two willingness to be paid (WTBP) questions were asked to estimate the cost of behavior change.
RESULTS: The results of the study showed high-risk individuals placed a greater value on the benefits of HIV prevention than did individuals at low-risk of HIV infection. The benefits of condom use against infection from HIV were valued at $261/month for subjects in the high-risk sample and $238/month for individuals in the low-risk sample. The average monetary benefits of abstinence against HIV infection were estimated at $305/month for high-risk individuals, compared to $249/month among individuals in the low-risk sample. Utility for each preventive behavior (condom use and abstinence) was calculated using a cost-to-benefit ratio (WTBP/WTP). Utilities were regressed on demographic and risk variables. a high-risk individual's utility for 98% protection was associated with greater exposure risk to HIV and knowledge of an AIDS-related death. The low-risk sample was not statistically significant, and no statistical relationships were found between independent variables.
CONCLUSIONS: While subject to methodological limitations, the results from this research provide estimates of the value of HIV prevention strategies. Further research in the area of WTP and HIV prevention is advocated. 相似文献
METHODS: Two convenience samples of 452 high-risk individuals (homosexual) and 155 low-risk individuals (heterosexual) were collected from selected sites across the state of Missouri. Subjects completed a 60 item questionnaire on their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and sexual behaviors. A series of willingness to pay (WTP) questions were asked to estimate the value of 98% protection (i.e., condom use) and 100% protection (i.e., abstinence) from HIV infection. Additionally, two willingness to be paid (WTBP) questions were asked to estimate the cost of behavior change.
RESULTS: The results of the study showed high-risk individuals placed a greater value on the benefits of HIV prevention than did individuals at low-risk of HIV infection. The benefits of condom use against infection from HIV were valued at $261/month for subjects in the high-risk sample and $238/month for individuals in the low-risk sample. The average monetary benefits of abstinence against HIV infection were estimated at $305/month for high-risk individuals, compared to $249/month among individuals in the low-risk sample. Utility for each preventive behavior (condom use and abstinence) was calculated using a cost-to-benefit ratio (WTBP/WTP). Utilities were regressed on demographic and risk variables. a high-risk individual's utility for 98% protection was associated with greater exposure risk to HIV and knowledge of an AIDS-related death. The low-risk sample was not statistically significant, and no statistical relationships were found between independent variables.
CONCLUSIONS: While subject to methodological limitations, the results from this research provide estimates of the value of HIV prevention strategies. Further research in the area of WTP and HIV prevention is advocated. 相似文献
83.
Male andropause, male climacteric or viropause is a condition in which men suffer from complex symptomatology due to low androgen level with aging. After the age of 40 years testosterone level starts declining and andropause corresponds to the age at which a pathogenic threshold is reached. This review summarizes the etiology, consequences, screening, diagnosis, monitoring of androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM). The pros and cons of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in elderly male have been discussed. Currently oral, transdermal, transbuccal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous implants are available for clinical use. The choice is made by physicians based on therapeutic indication and patient preferences.Key Words: Andropause, Aging male, Testosterone replacement therapy 相似文献
84.
Pseudo-Bernard-Soulier syndrome: thrombocytopenia caused by autoantibody to platelet glycoprotein Ib 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an inherited bleeding disorder that is due to a deficiency in platelet glycoprotein Ib. Bernard-Soulier platelets fail to agglutinate in response to ristocetin despite normal levels of factor VIII:von Willebrand factor. We report a patient who developed severe refractory thrombocytopenia postsurgically while receiving procainamide therapy. Thrombocytopenia was immune mediated since the patient's platelets bore high levels of antiplatelet antibody. Radioimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the autoantibodies had specificity for platelet glycoproteins Ib and V as well as platelet HLA. The patient's plasma as well as purified immunoglobulin G completely inhibited the ristocetin-induced aggregation of normal platelets but did not inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation. The laboratory studies revealed that this patient suffered from antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia with unusual characteristics that we have called pseudo-Bernard-Soulier syndrome. 相似文献
85.
AD Luber DV Condoluci PD Slowinski M Andrews K Olson CA Peloquin KA Pappa GE Pakes 《HIV medicine》2010,11(3):193-199