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71.
Christopher B. O'Brien Barbara S. Henzel Larry Wolfe Karen Gutekunst Dilip Moonka 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1997,42(5):1087-1093
Reports suggest that response tointerferon-alpha therapy is influenced by both hepatitisC viral genotype and titer. Our aim was to determine ifdirect, automated, cycle sequencing of the PCR productfrom an HCV RNA detection assay could be used toreliably determine HCV genotype. In addition, theapproach was used to determine the HCV genotypedistribution in our patient population and to learn ifthere was a correlation between HCV genotype and RNAtiter that could be used to predict response totreatment. In all 143 consecutive patients were testedfor both HCV RNA titer and genotype. Automated, cycle sequencing of PCR product was highly effectiveand failed to yield a genotype in only 3 (2%) patients.The distribution of HCV genotypes was: 1a (40%), 1b(39%), 2a (2%), 2b (6%), 3a (4%). There were significant differences in the median HCV RNA titersbetween genotypes 1, 2, and 3. 6 High HCV RNA titers>4.4 × 106 copies/ml were only seenin genotype 1. However, the HCV RNA level should not beused as a surrogate marker of genotype because of a significantoverlap of titers within the genotypes. 相似文献
72.
Joseph I. Sirven Barbara L. Malamut Joyce D. Liporace Michael J. O'Connor Michael R. Sperling Michael J. O'Connor 《Annals of neurology》1997,42(6):873-878
We determined how noninvasive presurgical data relate to prognosis after temporal lobectomy in patients with independent bilateral temporal lobe (IBTL) complex partial seizures on the intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG). Between 1986 and 1994, 28 patients had IBTL seizures on intracranial EEG. Fifteen of these 28 patients underwent temporal lobectomy and 13 were not offered surgery. Of the 15 patients who had surgery, 10 patients became seizure-free. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Wada test were the only variables associated with a seizure-free outcome. Seven of 10 seizure-free patients had a lateralized Wada result or the presence of unilateral hippocampal sclerosis, whereas none of the patients with persistent seizures had either of these findings. Variables not found to be predictive of a seizure-free outcome included location of scalp interictal spikes, degree of seizure-onset laterality, presence of early epilepsy risk factor, duration of epilepsy, and full-scale intelligence quotient. We conclude that MRI and the Wada test provide information of prognostic value in patients with bilateral temporal seizures independent of intracranial EEG data. 相似文献
73.
Helmut Seidel Barbara Harazin Kristina Pavlas Christine Sroka Jörg Richter Ralph Blüthner Udo Erdmann Jan Grzesik Barbara Hinz Reinhard Rothe 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1988,61(1-2):95-106
Summary This study was carried out in order: (1) to examine the effects of isolated and combined prolonged exposures to noise and whole-body vibration on hearing, vision and subjectively experienced strain, and (2) to check the combined effects with repeated exposures. Six male subjects were exposed twice to noise (N) at 92 dBA, whole-body vibration (V) in the Z-axis at 4 Hz and 1.0 ms–2 rms, and noise and vibration (NV) for 90 min with each condition. Temporary threshold shifts of hearing (TTS) and their integrals (ITTS) were measured at 4, 6, 10, and 12 kHz. Visual acuity was examined by means of a very sensitive test. Cross-modality matching (CMM) of the handgrip force was used to judge the subjectively experienced strain. NV induced a clear tendency of higher TTS and ITTS than N, with several significant differences most pronounced at 10 kHz. With repeated exposures, the effect of NV decreased, while the reactions to N and V remained unchanged. The individual reactions to NV differed. The influence of the duration of exposures on vision depended on the condition; N caused time-dependent changes, whereas V did not. CMM-data increased with the duration of the exposure during V and NV. N was generally judged to be more straining than V; NV caused higher strain than V during the first 30 min of exposure only. Correlations between different effects suggest certain links between them. Additionally, less motivation — daily obtained by a questionnaire — often correlated with higher ITTS during N and NV. The results also illustrate the combined effects on the individual susceptibility, repetition of exposure, the kind of response, and, possibly, the actual psychic state.Abbreviations CMM
cross-modality matching
- MVC
maximum voluntary contraction force
- N
exposure condition: noise level 92dBA, no whole-body vibration
- NV
exposure condition: combined exposure to noise with a level of 92 dBA and wholebody vibration with 4 Hz, 1 ms–2 rms
- V
exposure condition: whole-body vibration with 4 Hz, 1 ms–2 rms
- TTS
temporary threshold shift
- ITTS
integral of temporary threshold shift
- WBV
whole-body vibration in the common sense
This work was done in the Temporary International Research Team on Combined Effects of Noise and Vibration of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance of the Socialist Countries. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and assistance of L.-M. Brumm, Y. Bening, M. Godau, G. Weber, and R. Vizcaino. 相似文献
74.
The epidemiology of severe injuries to children in northern Manhattan: methods and incidence rates 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Leslie L. Davidson ‡ § Maureen S. Durkin‡ § Patricia O'Connor| Barbara Barlow† Margaret C. Heagarty 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》1992,6(2):153-165
The epidemiology of injury incidence in inner-city children has not previously been described. This study presents the methods used and the incidence rates found for severe injury (causing hospitalisation or death) in a population of 89,000 children under age 17 years in northern Manhattan, a largely poor area of New York City. The average annual incidence rate (measured from 1983 to 1987) for severe injuries to children under 17 was 846/100,000 a year. The vast majority (79%) were classified as unintentional. Nine per cent were due to assault, 3% were self-inflicted and in an additional 9% the intention was unclear. Classified by cause, the highest incidence (per 100,000/year) was found for falls (218), vehicle-related (141, primarily pedestrian), ingestion (119) and burns (110). Guns caused 3% of the injuries (27). The death rate from injury was 18.7/100,000, 36% of which was due to homicide. In an additional 28%, intentional injury was suspected. The suicide rate was 0.4/100,000. The leading causes of injury death included guns and burns (both 2.7/100,000). Compared with childhood injury rates in predominantly rural and suburban populations, the rates reported here for northern Manhattan are higher for overall injury incidence (fatal and non-fatal) and for homicide, but lower for injury mortality not due to homicide. 相似文献
75.
Martin Haupt Alexander Kurz Stefan Pollmann Barbara Romero 《Journal of neurology》1992,239(5):248-250
Summary Ninety outpatients with Alzheimer's disease according to ICD-10 diagnostic draft criteria were studied to test the hypothesis that cases with a familial aggregation are different from cases without such an aggregation with respect to cognitive impairment. In all cases the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed by prospective observation within 12 months of initial evaluation. Patients were divided into two groups: one consisting of 23 patients with a familial aggregation, the other consisting of 67 patients without secondary cases among first-degree relatives. By means oft-tests differences in impairment of cognitive functions between the groups were calculated. The results did not yield statistically significant differences between the groups for any of the neuropsychologically investigated cognitive deficits. Thus the hypothesis that the presence of a familial aggregation may lead to a distinct phenotype in Alzheimer's disease was not confirmed. 相似文献
76.
Robert T. Cook Thomas J. Waldschmidt Zuhair K. Ballas Brian L. Cook Brenda M. Booth Barbara C. Stewart Michael J. Garvey 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1994,18(1):71-80
Alcoholics admitted to the hospital solely for detoxication have been studied by flow cytometry to evaluate changes in the surface markers of peripheral blood leukocytes. As we have shown previously, such patients have an elevated percentage of CD8hl lymphocytes that are HLA DR+; we now demonstrate that they also have striking alterations in the quantitative relationships of the fine T-cell subsets. Both CD4+ and CD8hl lymphocytes have a sharply reduced percentage of the l -selectin+ CD45RA+ subset, increased percentages of the CD45RA-subsets, and several other fine subset alterations. The fine subset profile suggests, according to current correlations of phenotype and function, that both CD4+ suppressor inducer and CD4-dependent CD8+ suppressor effector cells are reduced, whereas other subsets, including CD8+ CTL or their precursors, are increased in relative percentages. Some of the phenotypic changes are reversible over the several days following withdrawal. In other results, the percentage of CD8hl lymphocytes expressing CD11b (β-integrin) is shown to be reciprocal with the percentage expressing l -selectin both in normals and alcoholics. However, the regression function of CD11b vs. l -selectin on CD8hl cells is different for the alcoholics than for the normals, indicating an abnormality in the regulation of the expression of these two adhesion markers. Taken together, this abnormality of adhesion molecules and the fine subset alterations previously described indicate widespread changes in the peripheral lymphocytes of currently drinking alcoholics. These changes suggest functional deficiencies that may include alterations of lymphocyte traffic and other adhesion-dependent functions, and a shift in the balance of regulatory interactions. 相似文献
77.
Azathioprine, a well-known immunosuppressive agent, is used extensively in renal transplantation. There have been several case reports of pure red cell aplasia induced by this drug following a successful kidney transplant. Previous management of azathioprine-induced red cell aplasia included reduction of azathioprine dose, or treatment with cyclophosphamide. We propose the substitution of cyclosporine for azathioprine, in this clinical setting. Not only does cyclosporine allow recovery of bone marrow function, but it maintains a level of immunosuppression which stabilizes renal function in the post-transplant patient. 相似文献
78.
Barbara A.B. Bowman Ph.D. 《Nutrition reviews》1992,50(5):142-144
In a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, progression of Alzheimer's disease was significantly reduced in patients who received acetyl-carnitine (2 g/day) for one year. 相似文献
79.
Barbara L. McFarlin 《Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health》1994,39(Z1):52S-65S
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) occurs in 3% to 10% of all pregnancies. Although it is an uncommon occurrence in a low-risk nurse-midwifery practice, as many as 65% of the cases of IUGR are not identified until after the birth of the infant. Identification of IUGR is important because it carries a high risk of antepartum fetal death, anomalies, intrapartum asphyxia, and long-term morbidity. Additionally, identification of IUGR is essential for appropriate prenatal and intrapartum management. A review of etiologic factors, current assessment, and management of the pregnancy complicated by IUGR is presented, The use and interpretation of new technologies that the clinician may use in diagnosing and managing IUGR is reviewed. 相似文献
80.
Christian Rüegg Martin Hersberger Barbara Wusk Katharina Rentsch Gerd A Kullak-Ublick Arnold von Eckardstein Friedrich E Maly 《Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine》2004,42(5):494-498
Crohn's disease is a complex disorder, with multiple genetic traits. A frameshift mutation (Leu1007fsinsC) and two missense mutations (Gly908Arg and Arg702Trp) in the NOD2/CARD15 gene are strongly associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. The presence of one of these risk alleles confers a 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of developing Crohn's disease, and the presence of two mutant alleles increases the risk over 20-fold. To facilitate the analysis of these polymorphisms, we developed three LightCycler assays to detect the missense mutations Arg702Trp and Gly908Arg and the frameshift mutation Leu100fsinsC in the NOD2/ CARD15 gene. All three assays can be run simultaneously on one LightCycler using identical cycling parameters. Analysis of 53 DNAs from Crohn's patients helped to identify carriers at allele frequencies similar to other Caucasian populations. The sequencing of such DNAs confirmed the accuracy of the assays. In conclusion, we present three rapid and robust assays to detect the Arg702Trp, the Gly908Arg and the Leu1007fsinsC ins mutations in the NOD2/CARD15 gene [corrected] 相似文献