肾病综合征患儿系膜增殖性肾炎人类白细胞抗原DR基因频率

利用寡核苷酸探针杂交技术及聚合酶链反应技术，检测了临床表现为肾病综合征的36例患儿人类白细胞抗原（HLA）－DR基因频率的分布；其中9例为IgA肾病，27例为非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎。分别与255例正常汉族人HLA－DR基因频率进行比较，发现IgA肾病患儿HLA－DR4基因频率明显高于正常人［DR4：19．4％vs9．0％，Pc＜0．05，相对危险系数（OR）=2．98］；而非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎HLA－DR12（5）基因频率明显高于正常人[DR12（5）：13．9％vs3．9％，Pc＜0．01，OR=4．52]。提示HLA－DR4、HLA－DR12（5）分别与临床表现为肾病综合征的儿童IgA肾病和非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎具有明显相关性。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF APOPLEXY TREATED BY XINGNAO KAIQIAO ACUPUNCTURE METHOD AND WESTERN MEDICINE

The therapeutic effects of Xingnao Kaiqiao (醒脑开窍) acupuncture method and West-ern medicine treating apoplexy were compared in this paper. The results show that the total effectiverate is over 90. 00% in acupuncture group for treating motor dysfunction of limbs and main clinicalsymptotns, especially for treating paralysis of extremities, the total effective rate is up to 97. 72%,which is obviously better than that of Western medicine; moreover, the acupuncture has a special ef-fectiveness for restoring the function of cerebral tissue, and treating aphasia and central facial palsy.The characteristics of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture method were described too.     

Human tails

Six girls and two boys aged between 3 and 9 years presented with palpable bony protrusions behind the anus and beyond the natal cleft and complained of local pain in the sitting position. These eight cases were encountered during a 27-year period (1964 to 1991) in three institutions in India (Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, King George Hospital, Vizagapatnam, and Sri Ramachandra Medical College Hospital, Madras). Clinical and operative findings clearly revealed the abnormality, but the cartilaginous nature of the coccyx at this age prevented confirmation by conventional radiology. The embryology of the human fetus and evolution of orthograde man from pronogrades explains the occurrence of human tails and suggests probable etiopathology. Surgical excision relieved the symptoms.     

尿道下裂尿道成形术后尿瘘的修复

总结尿道下裂尿道成形术后尿瘘１１７例。一次修补成功率６２．４％，其中大瘘为５２．４％，小瘘７０％。大尿瘘修补用Ｄｕｐｌａｙ、Ｔｈｉｅｒｓｃｈ、Ｄｕｃｋｅｔｔ、Ｄｅｎｉｓ－Ｂｒｏｗｎｅ、Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ等尿道成形术。小瘘用结扎法、简单切开缝合法、Ｙ－Ｖ皮瓣覆盖尿瘘修补法。对各种方法的应用指征、手术效果、术前术后的处理及影响手术的因素作了探讨。     

Study on thrombomodulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of Thrombomodulin (TM) and Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and normal pregnant women. METHODS: Blood samples were withdrawn from 73 pregnant women, In which 25 mild PIH, 26 moderate PIH, 22 severe PIH were divided into study group, and 24 normotensive healthy pregnant women in their third trimester were control group. The determination of TM was measured by ELISA and PAI-1 by Colorimetric Assay methods. RESULTS: Circulation levels of TM and PAI-1 were increased with increasing severity of the PIH. There were no significant differences between groups of mild PIH and normal pregnancy (TM 45.69 +/- 15.15 micrograms/L and 40.14 +/- 15.82 micrograms/L, PAI-1 22.06 +/- 12.13 kU/L and 18.40 +/- 9.78 kU/L respectively). The parameters significantly increased in moderate (TM 52.76 +/- 13.91 micrograms/L, PAI-1 25.77 +/- 9.45 kU/L) and severe PIH (TM 64.84 +/- 15.16 micrograms/L, PAI-1 30.79 +/- 11.64 kU/L) groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the endothelial cell damage and its functional disturbance play a very important role in the etiology of PIH. TM and PAI-1 may serve as clinical markers for the assessment of endothelial damage in PIH.     

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia derived from a possible common progenitor of monocytes and natural killer cells

The neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56, is expressed on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells in 17-20% of the patients. However, the clinical and biological significance of its expression in AML has not been well analyzed from the standpoint of CD56 expression and its association with differentiation to a natural killer (NK) cell lineage. Here we present a 78-year-old patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) whose leukemic cells had features of both monocytes and NK cells. We demonstrated that the leukemic cells were positive for CD4, CD56 and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor beta chain (CD112) in addition to myelomonocytic markers such as CD33, CD11b and CD11c. These leukemic cells proliferated well in vitro in response to 10-100 U/ml of IL-2, and functionally showed significant cytotoxicity against K562 target cells in a 4-hour (51) Cr release assay. All the above data indicate that these cells possessed at least some of the biological features of NK cells. Accordingly, we speculate that the leukemic cells in this patient may have been derived from a possible common progenitor of monocytes and NK cells.     

Exploring the cause of early miscarriage with SNP-array analysis and karyotyping

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the cause of miscarriage, providing risk assessment to guide the next pregnancy.

Methods: Four hundred eighty-four products-of-conception (POC) samples were analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and peripheral blood samples of couples were collected for karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis.

Results: Four hundred sixty-eight of the 484 (96.7%) fresh POC samples were successfully analyzed using SNP-array. The rate of clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities were 58.3% (274/468), in which rates of aneuploidy, polyploidy, partial aneuploidy, uniparental isodisomy (isoUPD), and pathogenic microdeletion/microduplication were 43.4% (203/468), 8.8% (41/468), 3.6% (17/468), 1.9% (9/48), and 0.9% (4/468), respectively. The percentage of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities significantly increased with maternal age of patients older than 35 years old. Among 468 couples, 12 major chromosomal rearrangements were detected by G-banding, including nine reciprocal translocations, two Robertsonian translocations, and one superfemale.

Conclusions: Chromosome abnormality is the main causes of early miscarriage, and aneuploidies are the most common type of chromosomal abnormalities. Application of SNP array and karyotyping in early miscarriage can provide more genetic information about miscarriage, providing risk assessment to guide the next pregnancy.