Comparative evaluation of nephrotomy methods

Four methods of nephrotomy different in the means of suturing the operation wound of the kidney were studied in experiments in dogs (1--the interrupted suture with the involvement of a wide layer of the parenchyma; 2--the interrupted V-suture with the topical picture of the vessels taken into consideration; 3--the interrupted suture with the topical picture of the vessels taken into consideration; 4--the interrupted suture with hemostasis in the wound). The advantages of the 3d and 4th techniques are shown.     

New technological means in medical diagnosis

Diagnostic methods using a Pulsar radar measuring computer unit have been developed. The methods are based on the contactless recording of respiratory parameters and pulse and they evaluate human body's functions in real time from the measurements of the duration of cardiac rhythms and calculate the differential function of their distribution and the spectrum of a cardiac rhythmogram.     

Lipid peroxidation in synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions of individual brain structures during hypoxia

Laboratory of Biophysics of Reception, A. I. Karaev Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. G. Gasanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 305–307, March, 1989.     

Dynamics of lipid accumulation on human aortic walls in atherosclerosis

The authors studied distribution of apoprotein B (apo B) and lipids containing esterified and nonesterified cholesterol (EC and NEC) in human aortic wall, using methods of indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies of apo B, and filipin and oil red 0 staining. All the examinees over 14 exhibited visually intact and atherosclerosis-affected vascular sites of accumulated apo-B-containing lipoproteins. EC, staining oil red 0, occurred only in the lipid strip and atherosclerotic plaque. Filipin-positive NEC was found in atherosclerotic plaque only. NEC disseminated extracellularly in the form of separate spherical corpuscles and homogenously. Saline pretreatment of nonfixed cryostat sections reduced the intensity of filipin homogenous staining. Mechanisms of lipids formation in vascular tissue of humans are under discussion.     

Expression of two keratins in basal cell,metatypical, and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase method and monoclonal antibodies, the expression of keratins 8 and 17 is investigated in 53 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 10 cases of metatypical carcinoma, and 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma cells are found to express keratin 17 in all cases and keratin 8 in the majority of them. The levels of these keratins in metatypical carcinoma cells are much lower. In squamous cell carcinoma, the keratins are only expressed in a few fields of vision around areas of keratinization. Comparative microspectrophotometric measurements of the intensities of specific staining show that the histological preparations of basal cell carcinoma have optical densities 6–7 times higher than those of metatypical carcinoma and 10–14 times higher than those of squamous cell carcinoma. It is concluded that the features of keratin expression observed in this study may be of use in the differential diagnosis of skin cancers. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 300–303, September, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

EEG and bispectral analysis during inhalational anesthesia in children

Bispectral index (BIS) is a parameter of the depth of anesthesia, but the use of it in children remains discussable. The study was carried out to compare EEG and BIS considering the age of patients during anesthesia with halotane, sevoflurane and consequent combination of sevoflurane and isoflurane. 60 children 3 to 17 years of age, who underwent urological surgeries, were divided into 3 groups (20 patients in each): 1st--halothane group, 2nd--sevoflurane group and 3rd--consequent combination of sevodlurane and isoflurane group. The oxygen: nitrous oxide 1:1 mixture was used in all the mentioned groups. EEG recording (6 channel computerised encephalograph) and BIS monitoring (XP version) was carried out through the whole duration of anesthesia. In the 1st group the gradual reduction of main rhythm was registered on EEG, with slow activity and restoration during awakening. The BIS index values changed from 95-98 to 39-47 with rise to 77-85 during awakening. In the 2nd and 3rd group where sevoflurane was used for anesthesia induction sharpened alpha rhythms, amplitude enlargement and rhythm synchronization were registered on EEG. BIS values changed from 96-99 to 13-38. During the maintenance of anesthesia in the 2nd group BIS values were 30-40 and 72-77 during awakening. In the stage of isoflurane anesthesia in the 3rd group EEG pattern changed towards the rhythm synchronization and slow oscillations in all the leads. The BIS index was 30-39 during maintenance and 70-76 during awakening. The parameters of EEG and BIS in all the investigated groups were proportional to the clinical stage and depth of anesthesia. Based on the clinical data and its comparison to EEG and BIS values it is determined that BIS index can be used for monitoring depth of anesthesia in children.     

Intensive care of traumatic brain injury in children

Traumatic brain injury among other injuries of human body reaches up to 30-50% and, according to the WHO, it grows by 2%. Severe traumatic brain injury (such as severe brain contusion, epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral hygroma, diffuse axonal injury) in the structure of general trauma amounts 4-20%. The prognosis of traumatic brain injury mainly depends on the timeliness of the first aid. The therapeutic measures usually begin at the place of the accident or in the ambulance vehicle (hence the clear role of the specialist team). It is advised for children with severe traumatic brain injury to be directed to specialized neurosurgical or trauma hospitals, where it is possible to provide them with adequate medical care. This work is dedicated to the enhancement of the intensive care quality during severe traumatic brain injury in children of Chuvash Republic, by the means of integrated patient assessment.