Increased nitric oxide is accompanied by lipid oxidation in adolescent varicocele

Summary One of the mechanisms of injury in varicocele has been proposed to be elevated nitric oxide (NO). We aimed to determine the association between the elevation of NO and lipid oxidation in varicocele compared with peripheral venous levels of these two substances as it has not been studied before. The study group consisted of 13 adolescents with left idiopathic varicocele of grades II-III. Blood specimens were obtained from dilated spermatic and peripheral veins simultaneously. Peripheral samples were also collected from 13 healthy children as controls. Nitrite/nitrate levels (NO(x)) and levels of malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined using Griess reaction and thiobarbituric acid test, respectively. Results were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Peripheral NO(x) and MDA were the same in the study and control groups (p = 0.069 and p = 0.27, respectively). Spermatic vein NO(x) and MDA levels were elevated significantly compared with the peripheral levels in the study group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.048, respectively). Increased NO(x) levels with lipid oxidation occur locally in adolescent varicocele, implying that these events could be reversed by early treatment.     

Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Central Pancreatectomy: Technique and Outcomes

Background

Central pancreatectomy is a definitive treatment for low-grade tumors of the pancreatic neck that preserves pancreatic and splenic function at the potential expense of postoperative pancreatic fistula. We analyzed outcomes after robot-assisted central pancreatectomy (RACP) to reexamine the risk–benefit profile in the era of minimally invasive surgery.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of nine RACP performed between August 2009 through June 2010 at a single institution.

Results

The average age of the cohort was 64 (range 18–75 years) with six women (67 %). Indications for surgery included: five benign cystic neoplasm and four pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Median operative time was 425 min (range 305–506 min) with 190 ml median blood loss (range 50–350 ml) and one conversion to open due to poor visualization. Median tumor size was 3.0 cm (range 1.9–6.0 cm); all patients achieved R0 status. Pancreaticogastrostomy was performed in seven cases and pancreaticojejunostomy in two. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days (range 7–19). Two clinically significant pancreatic fistulae occurred with one requiring percutaneous drainage. No patients exhibited worsening diabetes or exocrine insufficiency at the 30-day postoperative visit.

Conclusions

RACP can be performed with safety and oncologic outcomes equivalent to published open series. Although the rate of pancreatic fistula was high, only 22 % had clinically significant events, and none developed worsening pancreatic endocrine or exocrine dysfunction.     

经会阴超声检查压力性尿失禁的临床应用价值

目的探讨经会阴超声检查评价女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床价值。方法根据中华医学会妇产科学分会SUI的诊断标准,选取75例SUI患者作为观察组,另选择同一时间纳入的非SUI患者40例作为对照组,分别实施经会阴超声检查,观察两组检查结果,比较各组超声检查测量值(α、θ、Mu、X)、膀胱逼尿肌厚度(DWT)、Valsalva时膀胱颈移动度(BND)以及尿道长度。结果观察组α、θ、Mu、X均高出对照组(P<0.05);轻度α、θ、Mu、X均低于中度、重度(P<0.05);两组DWT、尿道长度比较无显著差异(P> 0.05),但观察组BND高出对照组(P<0.05)。结论经会阴超声检查在评价SUI中效果突出,能够对患者病情严重程度进行判断,同时能够清楚展现患者盆底结构组织,值得推广。     

Donor operation for face transplantation

The first clinical face allotransplantation was performed by Devauchelle et al in 2005, and currently 13 facial allotransplantations have been performed worldwide. Reports on almost half of the cases were published in the literature, focusing on technical details of facial allograft inset to the recipient face. There are only few reports describing technical details of recovery of the facial allograft from the human donor. In this article, we summarize our cadaveric studies describing the methods of facial flap recovery in the cadaveric model and as well as mock facial transplantation. Based on our experience with the first case of face transplantation, we describe the sequence of facial graft procurement from the human donor and compare similarities and differences between our case and previously published cases. Furthermore, we discuss different methods of restoration of the donor face and have outlined proposed guidelines for the sequence of donor operation for facial graft procurement.     

Premature ejaculation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

We aimed to evaluate the premature ejaculation (PE) among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Fifty male patients with AS who were diagnosed according to the modified New York criteria and fifty normal healthy controls (NHC) were included in this study. The details of patient age, disease duration, morning stiffness, laboratory activity, disease severity and medication use were obtained by reviewing the medical record. The Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) was used to measure the functional status of the patients with AS. By taking a careful medical and sexual history, patients were classified as lifelong, natural variable, acquired PE or premature ejaculatory dysfunction. In addition to medical and sexual history, self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) of patients were used in the classification of patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study of frequency of PE in men with AS. The prevalence rates of PE in patient and healthy controls were 32 and 30%, respectively (p = 0.331). The prevalence of PE was not significantly different between AS patients and NHC groups as regards the four PE syndromes. Average estimated IELT was 10,009 ± 51.9 sec in the PE group and 145.26 ± 43.01 sec in the non-PE group (p = 0.000). Patients with lifelong PE had a significantly lower mean estimated IELT than the other group (p = 0.000). Patients with premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction had the highest estimated IELT (p = 0.000). There was a significant association between self-estimated IELT and distribution of the patients according to the four PE syndromes (p = 0.01). Both AS patients and NHC groups have the same results. The present study demonstrates that PE in men with AS is as prevalent as it is in the general population. Although this study is restricted in terms of the number of patients, it is the first study ever conducted. For more meaningful results, multi centred studies with more patients are required.     

全麻甲状腺手术中联合应用右美托咪定和氟比洛芬酯对术后疼痛的影响

目的 观察术中泵注右美托咪定(Dex)联合氟比洛芬酯对全麻下行甲状腺手术患者术后镇痛的影响.方法 择期行甲状腺手术患者63例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为三组.D1组和D2组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵注Dex 0.6 μg/kg(泵注时间为10 min),D2组术中以0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1持续泵注;C组以同样的方式泵注等量生理盐水.三组均于麻醉诱导后手术开始前静脉给予氟比洛芬酯1.0mg/kg.记录患者术后疼痛VAS评分、舒适评分(BCS评分),并记录术后首次给予氟比洛芬酯的时间及术后不良反应.结果 术后定向力恢复后10 min～2 h,D1、D2组VAS评分明显低于C组,且D2组明显低于D1组(P＜0.05);术后4h,D2组VAS评分明显低于C组(P＜0.05).定向力恢复后10 min～4 h,D1、D2组BCS评分明显高于C组,且定向力恢复后10 min～2 h D2组明显高于D1组(P＜0.05).术后首次给予氟比洛芬酯时间,D1、D2组均明显晚于C组,且D2组明显晚于D1组(P＜0.05).结论 持续泵注右美托咪定联合氟比洛芬酯用于全麻下甲状腺手术患者的术后镇痛效果满意,优于单独应用氟比洛芬酯.     

Early renal transplantation after donor renal angiography affects initial graft function

Background

Renal angiography of a living donor is a common radiologic examination before transplantation. However, the contrast agent used during this procedure can cause contrast nephropathy. There are insufficient data regarding whether this radiocontrast exposure detoriates renal function and survival after transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of radiocontrast exposure to donors before transplant surgery on the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and on the outcomes of recipients at 1 year posttransplantation.

Methods

We divided 80 living donor transplantations according to the duration between the renal angiography and the transplantation procedure: Group 1 as early transplantation at ≤20 days (n = 42) versus group 2 of late transplantation at ≥20 days (n = 38). We retrospectively collected acute rejection episodes and graft survival at 1 year, monthly serum creatinine values of, DGF, proteinuria at 1 month, GFR at posttransplant day 3 month 1, and 1 year.

Results

There were 10 group 1 recipients (23.8%) and 2 group 2 (5.3%) subjects who experienced ≥1 acute rejection episode in the 1st posttransplant year (P = .02); 1 patient in each group experienced graft loss at 1 year (P = .941). DGF was observed in 9 (22%) versus 1 patient (2.6%) in group 2 (P = .009). Posttransplant day 3 creatinine values were significantly higher (P = .005) with significantly lower GFR values (P = .043) in group 1. However, creatinine and GFR levels were similar at 1 month and 1 year. Month 1 proteinuria levels were significantly higher in group 1 (P = .014). There was a significant negative correlation between renal angiography time and month 1 proteinuria (P = .014).

Conclusions

Early renal transplantation (within 2 weeks after renal angiography) in living kidney donors can detoriate initial graft function and cause DGF.     

预注右美托咪定的镇静效应及其对全麻患者气管插管反应的影响

目的观察预注右美托咪定对镇静及气管插管反应的影响。方法择期全凭静脉麻醉下行甲状腺次全切除术患者42例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,体重指数18～30kg/m²,随机均分为两组:右美托咪定组（D组）和对照组（C组）。D组患者于麻醉诱导前15min静脉泵注右美托咪定0.6μg/kg（10min内泵注完毕）,C组患者以同样方式泵注等量生理盐水;观察5min后开始麻醉诱导,两组患者麻醉诱导方法相同,当BIS≤45时行气管插管。记录给药前（T₀）、给药完毕即刻（T₁）、给药后5min（T₂）、插管前即刻（T₃）、插管成功后即刻（T₄）、插管成功后1min（T₅）、3min（T₆）、5min（T₇）患者的MAP、HR、SpO₂、BIS、Ramsay镇静评分;记录患者意识消失时间和BIS降至45的时间;观察并记录麻醉诱导期间的不良反应。结果与C组比较,D组患者意识消失时间和BIS降至45的时间缩短（P<0.05）;与T₀时比较,T₁～T₇时D组患者MAP、BIS均降低,HR减慢,Ramsay镇静评分升高（P<0.05）;T₃～T₇时C组MAP、BIS均降低,Ramsay镇静评分升高;T₃、T₆和T₇时C组HR减慢（P<0.05）;与T₃时比较,T₆时D组MAP降低,T₄、T₅时C组MAP均升高,HR增快（P<0.05）。结论右美托咪定0.6μg/kg预注可产生明显的镇静作用,缩短麻醉诱导时间,有效抑制气管插管所引起的心血管反应。     

肝脏和脾脏炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的 探讨炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤的临床病理特征及生物学行为.方法 收集中国医科大学附属盛京医院病理科2001-2010年诊断为肝脏炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤(1例)、肝脏和脾脏炎性假瘤病例(13例)资料、复查HE切片、进行免疫组化染色、EB病毒编码的核RNA(Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear RNA,EBER)原位杂交,并追踪患者预后.结果 免疫组化染色和EBER原位杂交证实,13例肝脏和脾脏炎性假瘤中有1例为脾脏炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤,有特殊的组织学形态;1例肝脏炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤则经进一步检查证实,其组织形态与文献报道一致.2例患者均为女性,术后分别随访2.5年、6年均健在.结论 炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤应从炎性假瘤中分离出来,此病非常少见.该肿瘤主要发生于肝脏和脾脏,确诊依赖组织形态和免疫组化.其生物学行为相对惰性,属于低度恶性肿瘤,手术彻底切除是根本的治疗方法.本文2例为炎性假瘤样滤泡树突细胞肿瘤的相对惰性的生物学行为提供了进一步的证据.     

Sagittal spinopelvic parameters in children with achondroplasia: identification of 2 distinct groups

Imatinib mesylate has become the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and has made a revolutionary impact on survival rates. Bone marrow necrosis is a very rare adverse event in malignant GIST. Bone metastases are also rarely encountered in the setting of this disease. The authors report on a patient with malignant GIST who developed a bone lesion, mimicking spinal metastasis on both MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT. Corpectomy and anterior fusion was performed, but the pathology report was consistent with bone marrow necrosis. Radiological and clinical similarities made the distinction between metastasis and bone marrow necrosis challenging for the treating physicians. Instead of radical surgical excision, more conservative methods such as percutaneous or endoscopic bone biopsies may be more useful for pathological confirmation, even though investigations such as MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT indicate metastatic disease.