经纤维支气管镜行肺泡灌洗辅助治疗支气管扩张的护理

对65例支气管扩张患者在急性感染与咯血控制后经纤维支气管镜行肺泡灌洗治疗．随访2～5年。结果显效42例，有效16例，无效7例。提示经纤维支气管镜行肺泡灌洗辅助治疗支气管扩张疗效显著，安全，患者易接受；做好常规准备工作，密切配合医生进行肺泡灌洗．严密观察病情变化，加强体位护理、饮食护理及健康教育，可保证治疗效果。     

Consideration of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: Immune response,endoscopic and morphological findings

Seventy-five children (aged 9–14 years) infected with Helicobacter pylori were studied endoscopically and morphologically for the signs of infection and immune response by ELISA technique (total IgE and specific IgG against H. pylori); a control group of 36 children (not infected with H. pylori) were studied simultaneously. Helicobacter pylori positive children examined endoscopically revealed a number of mucous membrane changes including erythema, erosions, lymphoid nodular hyperplasia and ulcers. Gastritis was confirmed by histology in 58 children; 6% were termed ‘active’, others were ‘non-active’. When studying the concentrations of anti-H. pylori IgG in children from the control group they were considered to be seronegative but in children infected with H. pylori a considerable increase was noted. An evaluation of the interaction between anti-H. pylori IgG titers and age, endoscopic signs and histology was carried out. Suppositions were made about the presence of links between these characteristics. Children with H. pylori infection showed a considerable increase of total IgE titers in comparison with the control group. The role of IgG and IgE in the development of chronic gastroduodenal diseases associated with H. pylori is discussed.     

Unusual suppurative complications of brucellosis in children

Three cases with suppurative complications of Brucella melitensis infection are presented, demonstrating localized involvement of the brain, bones and lungs, respectivcly, and the lesions were well defined on radiographic examination. The diagnosis was made on the basis of significant Brucella titres and positive blood culture. Awarness of such complications and performance of the appropriate serological and bacteriological studies will establish the diagnosis and will also differentiate this discase from other infections, especially tuberculosis.     

Stability of 11S globulin from Vicia faba seeds

Heat denaturation of 11S globulin, a dodecameric globular protein isolated from Vicia faba seeds was studied using scanning microcalorimetry at pH 7.6 and NaCl concentrations from 0 to 1 M. The specific enthalpy of denaturation was shown to be a linear function of temperature. The ratio of the calorimetric enthalpy to the effective one (Van't-Hoff's) per protomer of 11 S globulin was 0.9 ± 0.06. It is concluded that at first approximation 11 S globulin protomers denaturated independently in conformity with the two-state model. The plotted temperature-dependent specific free energy of 11 S globulin denaturation at different NaCl concentrations demonstrated that an increase in the salt content brought about the rise in protein stability. The maximum 11 S globulin stability is reached at about 300°K. The molar free energy of denaturation at 300°K in 1 M NaCl is 918 kJ/mol.     

EVALUATION OF MUSCULAR RELAXATION IN CONTROLLED RESPIRATION

A study of relaxation was made in 275 patients undergoing cardiacsurgery (mainly mitral valvotomy) under light narcosis withcontrolled ventilation. Suxamethonium was used for intubationand was followed by tubocurarine or gallamine for the operation.On the basis of data obtained from stimulation of the motornerves to muscles, electromyography, and the clinical picture,it is suggested that it is possible to subdivide the processof relaxation into stages. These stages would facilitate thecontrol of relaxation during surgery and in the immediate postoperativeperiod. ^* This paper was read at the All-Union Symposium on "The Useof Relaxants" on January 25, 1963.     

Implications of incidental finding of testicular microlithiasis in paediatric patients

ObjectiveTo improve understanding of the implications of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in paediatric patients diagnosed incidentally on scrotal ultrasonography (US).Patients and methods31 boys aged 4–14 years diagnosed with TM based on US between February 2000 and September 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, indications for US, associated inguino-scrotal pathologies and follow-up data were collated.ResultsA total of 59 testes were evaluated. Fifty-four had TM at US. The most common indication for US was scrotal swelling (n = 17). Twenty patients (65%) had at least one associated inguino-scrotal pathology related to patent processus vaginalis, with cryptorchidism being the most frequently observed (39%). On follow up (mean 39.6 months), 6 patients documented decrease or resolution of TM, while 2 showed increase in TM density. No testicular malignancy was observed during follow up.ConclusionsTM is commonly diagnosed incidentally on US in paediatric patients. A literature review revealed few case reports on its association with testicular malignancy and a prevalence of 4.2% among asymptomatic boys. The spontaneous resolution of TM supports degeneration of seminiferous tubules as the possible cause and further questions its malignant implication. An appropriate surveillance scheme would require involvement of a well-informed patient and parent with good compliance on testicular self-examination.     

From the Cover: Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals surface-mediated antifungal chemical defense of a tropical seaweed

Organism surfaces represent signaling sites for attraction of allies and defense against enemies. However, our understanding of these signals has been impeded by methodological limitations that have precluded direct fine-scale evaluation of compounds on native surfaces. Here, we asked whether natural products from the red macroalga Callophycus serratus act in surface-mediated defense against pathogenic microbes. Bromophycolides and callophycoic acids from algal extracts inhibited growth of Lindra thalassiae, a marine fungal pathogen, and represent the largest group of algal antifungal chemical defenses reported to date. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging revealed that surface-associated bromophycolides were found exclusively in association with distinct surface patches at concentrations sufficient for fungal inhibition; DESI-MS also indicated the presence of bromophycolides within internal algal tissue. This is among the first examples of natural product imaging on biological surfaces, suggesting the importance of secondary metabolites in localized ecological interactions, and illustrating the potential of DESI-MS in understanding chemically-mediated biological processes.     

慢性特发性荨麻疹免疫机制研究进展

慢性特发性荨麻疹的病因目前尚不明确。研究表明,慢性特发性荨麻疹发病大多有自身免疫机制参与,现已发现了数种与慢性特发性荨麻疹有关的自身抗体,其中抗FcεRI抗体、抗IgE抗体在慢性特发性荨麻疹发病中的地位尤为重要。B淋巴细胞刺激因子可能参与慢性特发性荨麻疹自身抗体的形成。另外,部分慢性特发性荨麻疹患者HLA-Ⅱ类抗原的等位基因DRB1 04频率增加,提示该病发病具有自身免疫遗传基础。     

儿童外伤性胰腺炎13 例报告

目的：探讨儿童外伤性胰腺炎的临床特点及诊治方法。 方法：回顾性分析2003年1月—2011年12月收治的13例外伤性胰腺炎患儿的临床资料。 结果：13例患儿中,男8例,女5例;年龄5~12（7.22±3.54）岁。病因包括腹部钝挫伤7例,车祸伤4例,坠落伤2例,均为腹部闭合性损伤。9例胰腺I级损伤（2例合并肝挫伤）和3例II级损伤均采用抗感染、禁食、胃肠减压、全静脉营养,抑酶等保守治疗,其中4例出院1~2个月后并发胰腺假性囊肿,1例经对症治疗自行吸收,3例行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术（其中1例腹腔镜下探查拟镜下吻合未成功中转开腹）;1例胰腺III级损伤（合并脾挫伤）行腹腔镜下腹腔引流术,术后1个月并发胰腺假性囊肿,行腹腔镜探查,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。所有患儿均治愈。 结论：儿童外伤性胰腺炎应根据胰腺损伤程度不同采取不同治疗方法。腹腔镜下腹腔引流术是治疗儿童III级外伤性胰腺炎的有效方法之一,但与腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠吻合术一样仍需要进一步探索与总结。