全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3977篇 |
免费 | 147篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 178篇 |
儿科学 | 203篇 |
妇产科学 | 195篇 |
基础医学 | 274篇 |
口腔科学 | 228篇 |
临床医学 | 377篇 |
内科学 | 735篇 |
皮肤病学 | 108篇 |
神经病学 | 226篇 |
特种医学 | 220篇 |
外科学 | 743篇 |
综合类 | 63篇 |
预防医学 | 84篇 |
眼科学 | 160篇 |
药学 | 173篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 176篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 53篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2020年 | 46篇 |
2019年 | 100篇 |
2018年 | 80篇 |
2017年 | 74篇 |
2016年 | 122篇 |
2015年 | 132篇 |
2014年 | 169篇 |
2013年 | 215篇 |
2012年 | 257篇 |
2011年 | 290篇 |
2010年 | 167篇 |
2009年 | 148篇 |
2008年 | 313篇 |
2007年 | 344篇 |
2006年 | 341篇 |
2005年 | 326篇 |
2004年 | 279篇 |
2003年 | 216篇 |
2002年 | 132篇 |
2001年 | 78篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4148条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Bulent Colak Bahar Gurlek Zeynep Arzu Yegin Serpil Muge Deger Sehri Elbek Hatice Pasaoglu 《Renal failure》2013,35(2):187-191
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by periodic attacks of fever and polyserositis. The effects of the MEFV genotype differences on clinical picture and inflammatory activity have not been well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of conventional inflammation markers, procalcitonin, interleukin levels, TNF-alpha, and C5a levels in patients with FMF who had different MEFV genotypes and compare them with those of healthy subjects. The study consisted of 41 patients with FMF (F/M: 23/18), and 31 healthy subjects (F/M: 18/13). Tests were performed during the attack-free period.White-blood cell count, CRP and IL-8 levels were higher in patients with FMF than in healthy subjects (p < 0.05) and also higher in M680I carriers than in the patients with M694V allele carriers. However, ESR, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, IL-6, C5a, TNF-alpha, and IgD levels were not significantly different between patients and healthy subjects (p > 0.05). Arthralgia or arthritis was significantly higher in M694V carriers than in non-M694V carriers (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the clinical features and inflammatory-cytokine activities were higher in patients with FMF during the attack-free period than in healthy subjects, and the different genotype might be related to different clinical pictures. 相似文献
92.
Ebru Asicioglu Arzu Kahveci Hakkı Arikan Mehmet Koc Serhan Tuglular Cetin Ishak Ozener 《International urology and nephrology》2013,45(5):1437-1443
Purpose
Atherosclerosis is responsible for the high mortality rate in end-stage renal disease patients. Defining risk factors for atherosclerosis may lead to reduction in cardiovascular disease through modification of these factors. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are subjected to high glucose loads on a daily basis, which results in considerable weight gain and an increase in waist circumference (WC). WC as an indicator of abdominal obesity is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in the general population. Carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) measurement is a reliable method for the detection of early atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between WC and CIMT and to define risk factors associated with CIMT in PD patients.Methods
Fifty-five PD patients and 40 healthy controls were included. Atherosclerosis was assessed using measurement of CIMT. Fasting blood was collected for analysis. Anthropometric parameters (age, weight, BMI, and WC) were measured.Results
Peritoneal dialysis patients had higher WC (93.9 ± 1.7 vs. 87.3 ± 1.2 cm, p < 0.05) and CIMT (0.70 ± 0.02 vs. 0.57 ± 0.01 mm, p < 0.01) than the control group. On univariate analysis, age, WC, plaque formation, and D/P creatinine were positively correlated with CIMT, whereas residual renal function, albumin, ultrafiltration volume, and D/D0 glucose were negatively correlated. On multivariate analysis, only age, WC, and plaque formation showed correlation (p < 0.001).Conclusions
Carotid artery intima media thickness is associated with age, plaque formation, and WC in PD patients. WC measurement is a simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and reliable method of evaluating atherosclerosis risk in PD patients and should be assessed at every visit. Appropriate counsel should be provided to patients with greater WC who are deemed to be at risk for atherosclerosis. 相似文献93.
Fuat Ozkan Betul Bakan Mehmet Fatih Inci Fatih Kocturk Gozde Yildirim Cetin Murvet Yuksel Mehmet Sayarlioglu 《REV BRAS REUMATOL》2013,53(4):335-340
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to determine the frequency of enthesopathy in fibromyalgia (FM) by using a newly developed ultrasonography (US) method, the Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index (MASEI).MethodsThis study was conducted on 38 consecutive patients with FM and 48 healthy sex- and age-matched controls. Six entheseal sites (olecranon tuberosity, superior and inferior poles of patella, tibial tuberosity, superior and inferior poles of calcaneus) on both lower limbs were evaluated. All US findings were identified according to MASEI. Scores of patients and controls were compared by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Validity was analysed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsTotal enthesitis score was 7.39 ± 4.99 (mean ± SD) among FM patients and 3.7 ± 3.22 among healthy controls (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve established an ultrasound score of > 3.5 in the FM group as the best cut-off point to differentiate between cases and controls. No statistically significant correlation was found between the MASEI score and the FM disease duration, and the location of the tender points.ConclusionsMisdiagnoses of FM are harmful to patients and the community, and the presence of enthesopathy among FM patients increases. Its detection with the MASEI score may help to discriminate FM patients presenting with ill-defined symptoms and signs, in order to prevent mistreatment. 相似文献
94.
Mikail Cakir Dogan Yildirim Fatma Sarac Semih Mirapoglu Adnan Hut 《Journal of investigative surgery》2013,26(6):507-514
ABSTRACTPurpose/Aim: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a syndrome characterized by sudden onset abdominal pain followed by intestinal necrosis. Morbidity and mortality increase with delayed diagnosis. Even with the latest radiological diagnostic methods, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment can be delayed. Using an experimental model, here we aim to determine the relationship between the laboratory parameters used to detect acute mesenteric ischemia and the duration of irreversible ischemia. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups, all of which underwent general anesthesia: (i) Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection with laparotomy was performed, and blood samples and intestinal segment samples were taken after 2 hr (Sham group); (ii) volvulus of one-third of the small intestines was performed manually by laparotomy, and blood samples and intestinal segment samples were taken after 2 hr (Volvulus group); (iii) SMA was ligated with laparotomy, and blood samples and intestinal segment samples were taken after 2 hr (SMA+ligated 2-hr group); (iv) SMA was ligated with laparotomy, and blood samples and intestinal segment samples were taken after 4 hr (SMA+ligated 4-hr group); and (v) SMA was ligated with laparotomy, and blood samples and intestinal segment samples were taken after 6 hr (SMA+ligated 6-hr group). Results: The mean lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the SMA+ligated 2-hr and SMA+ligated 6-hr groups were statistically higher than the control group (p = .004). Compared to the Sham and Volvulus groups, the mean lactate level of the SMA+ligated 6-hr group was significantly higher (p = .004). Compared to the Sham and Volvulus groups, the mean D-dimer levels of the SMA+ligated 4-hr and SMA+ligated 6-hr groups were significantly higher (p = .004 and .003, respectively). By histopathological evaluation, we found that pathological damage increased as the ischemia lengthened. Conclusions: Mesenteric ischemia leads to an irreversible loss of intestinal perfusion and an increase in parameters of ischemia. Irreversible tissue damage occurs after 4 hr of ischemia and peaks after 6 hr, whereas parameters of ischemia (D-dimer, LDH, and L-Lactate levels) are highest at 2 hr after the onset of ischemia. 相似文献
95.
Arzu Oezcelik Shahin Ayazi Steven R. DeMeester Joerg Zehetner Emmanuele Abate Joie Dunn Kimberly S. Grant John C. Lipham Jeffrey A. Hagen Tom R. DeMeester 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2013,17(6):1032-1035
Introduction
Practitioners have noted a striking increase in the number of young patients under the age of 40 years old who develop esophageal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to characterize the presentation, pathology and therapeutic outcome of these young patients.Methods
The records of patients who presented to the Foregut Surgical Service at the University of Southern California with esophageal adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The presentation, tumor stage and histology, therapy and outcome of the patients under the age of 40 were compared to those ≥40.Results
Of the 374 patients reviewed, 20 (5 %) were under the age of 40. There were two patients in their second and 18 in their third decade of life. The youngest patient was 25 years old. A history of gastroesophageal reflux disease or Barrett’s esophagus was less common in patients <40 than in those ≥40; 15 and 5 % compared to 61 and 46 %. Similarly, patients <40 had a significantly longer time interval between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of their cancer than those ≥40; 4.5 vs. 2 months, p?=?0.04. They also had a higher prevalence of stage IV disease (30 vs. 6 %, p?=?0.0003), a shorter time to recurrence (9.5 vs.19 month, p?=?0.002), and a poorer median survival (17 vs. 43 month, p?=?0.04).Conclusion
Esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients <40 years old commonly presents with an advanced stage of the disease and an associated poor survival. This is likely due to a low index of suspicion that dysphagia seen in younger patients is due to a malignancy. 相似文献96.
Elif Colak Nuraydin Ozlem Sadık Kesmer Kadir Yildirim 《International journal of surgery case reports》2013,4(7):577-578
INTRODUCTIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament is a rare condition and usually appears like an inguinal hernia.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a case of a 40 year-old women found to have an inguinal mass which it was finally diagnosed as leiomyoma.The patient was admitted to our hospital with a history of painless groin mass. The mass was thought to be irreducible inguinal hernia. Surgical exploration demonstrated a round ligament leiomyoma.DISCUSSIONA smooth muscle tumor in the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal region is a rare entity and can be mistaken for an irreducible inguinal hernia. It is a rare condition occurring predominantly in premenopausal middle-aged women. Abdominal, inguinal, and vulvar locations have been described. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.CONCLUSIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament should be entertained as a possible etiology of inguinal mass. 相似文献
97.
Hüsniye Aylin Hakyemez Bayram Veyseller Feriha Ozer Serkan Ozben Gulum Ivgin Bayraktar Defne Gurbuz Sibel Cetin Yavuz Selim Yildirim 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2013,20(10):1469-1470
We aimed to investigate the relationship between olfactory function and olfactory bulbus (OB) volume, disease duration and Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores in early stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used for the evaluation of olfactory function. UPSIT scores for patients with Parkinson’s disease were significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between stage 1 and stage 2 patients. OB volumes were higher in stage 1 and 2 patients than controls, but there was no statistical difference between the three groups. No significant correlation was found between UPSIT and UPDRS total scores, nor between UPSIT scores and disease duration in stage 1 and 2 patients. According to our results, we propose UPSIT be used as a screening test to diagnose presymptomatic patients, but not OB volumes. 相似文献
98.
Oguz Gozen Burcu Balkan Emre Yildirim Ersin O. Koylu Sakire Pogun 《Synapse (New York, N.Y.)》2013,67(9):545-552
Nicotine is a highly addictive drug and exerts its effect partially through causing dopamine release, thereby increasing intrasynaptic dopamine levels in the brain reward systems. Dopaine D1 receptor (DRD1) mRNAs and receptors are localized in reward‐related brain regions, which receive cholinergic input. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nicotine administration affects the expression of DRD1s, and if so, whether epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone acetylation, are involved. Twenty Male Sprague Dawley rats received nicotine (0.4 mg/kg/day, s.c.) or saline injections for 15 days. After nicotine/saline treatment, rats were perfused with saline; prefrontal cortex (PFC), corpus striatum (STR), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were dissected. Homogenates were divided into two parts for total RNA isolation and histone H4 acetylation studies. DRD1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the PFC of the nicotine‐treated group compared with controls; similar trends were observed in the VTA and STR. To study epigenetic regulation, the 2kb upstream region of the DRD1 gene promoter was investigated for histone H4 acetylation in PFC samples. After chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti‐acetyl histone H4 antibody, we found an increase in histone acetylation by two different primer pairs which amplified the ?1365 to ?1202 (P < 0.005) and ?170 to +12 (P < 0.05) upstream regions of the DRD1 promoter. Our results suggest that intermittent subcutaneous nicotine administration increases the expression of DRD1 mRNA in the PFC of rats, and this increase may be due to changes in histone H4 acetylation of the 2kb promoter of the DRD1 gene. Synapse 67:545–552, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
99.
100.
Berna Akkus Yildirim Yemliha Dolek Ozan Cem Guler Gungor Arslan Cem Onal 《Medical Dosimetry》2019,44(4):332-338
We performed this dosimetric study to compare a nonstandard volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and helical tomotherapy (HT) techniques with high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BRT) plan of vaginal vault in patients with postoperative endometrial cancer (EC). Twelve postoperative patients with early stage EC were included in this study. Three plans were performed for each patient; dosimetric and radiobiological comparisons were made using dose-volume histograms and equivalent dose for determining the planning target volume (PTV) coverages in brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy, and organs-at-risk (OARs) doses between three different delivery techniques. All the plans achieved adequate dose coverage for PTV; however, the VMAT plan yielded better dose conformity, and the HT plan showed better homogeneity for target volume. With respect to the OARs, the bladder D2cc was significantly lower in the BRT plan than in the VMAT and HT plans, with the highest bladder D2cc value being observed in the HT plan. However, no difference was observed in the rectum D2cc of the three plans. Other major advantages of the BRT plan over the VMAT and HT plans were the relatively lower body integral doses and femoral head doses as well as the fact that the integral doses were significantly lower in the BRT plan than in the VMAT and HT plans. This is the first dosimetric comparison of vaginal vault treatment for EC with BRT, VMAT, and HT plans. Our analyses showed the feasibility of stereotactic body radiotherapy technique as an alternative to HDR-BRT for postoperative management of EC patients. 相似文献