Sperm binding to hyaluronan is an excellent predictor of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull fertility

This study reports the first evaluation of sperm hyaluronan binding assay (HBA) for predicting the fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls in relation to standard parameters of sperm quality. Cryopreserved semen doses of low (n = 6), medium (n = 3) and high fertility (n = 8) bulls based on their respective return rates were used. Significantly, more spermatozoa bound to hyaluronan from the most fertile bulls (57.15% ± 1.44) compared with medium (42.46% ± 1.08) and low fertility bulls (29.70% ± 0.78). A strongly positive correlation (r = .824, p < .01) was found between HBA and fertility that predicts a 67.9% variability (r² = .679, p < .01) in fertility. HBA was also strongly positively correlated with sperm viability (r = .679, p < .01) followed by their live/dead ratio (r = .637, p < .01), uncapacitated spermatozoa (r = .631, p < .01), normal apical ridge (r = .459, p < .01), motility (r = .434, p < .01), mature spermatozoa with low residual histones (r = .364, p < .01), high plasma membrane integrity (r = .316, p < .01) and nonfragmented DNA levels (r = .236, p < .05). It was negatively correlated with spermatozoa having reacted acrosome (r = −.654, p < .01). A fertility model built using a combination of sperm HBA and either sperm livability or viability predicts, respectively, 86.1% (r² = .861, p < .01) and 85.9% (r² = .859, p < .01) variability in buffalo bull fertility. In conclusion, sperm HBA may prove to be a single robust predictor of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull fertility.     

Subtype‐specific differences in transmission cluster dynamics of HIV‐1 B and CRF01_AE in New South Wales,Australia

IntroductionThe human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) pandemic is characterized by numerous distinct sub‐epidemics (clusters) that continually fuel local transmission. The aims of this study were to identify active growing clusters, to understand which factors most influence the transmission dynamics, how these vary between different subtypes and how this information might contribute to effective public health responses.MethodsWe used HIV‐1 genomic sequence data linked to demographic factors that accounted for approximately 70% of all new HIV‐1 notifications in New South Wales (NSW). We assessed differences in transmission cluster dynamics between subtype B and circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE). Separate phylogenetic trees were estimated using 2919 subtype B and 473 CRF01_AE sequences sampled between 2004 and 2018 in combination with global sequence data and NSW‐specific clades were classified as clusters, pairs or singletons. Significant differences in demographics between subtypes were assessed with Chi‐Square statistics.ResultsWe identified 104 subtype B and 11 CRF01_AE growing clusters containing a maximum of 29 and 11 sequences for subtype B and CRF01_AE respectively. We observed a > 2‐fold increase in the number of NSW‐specific CRF01_AE clades over time. Subtype B clusters were associated with individuals reporting men who have sex with men (MSM) as their transmission risk factor, being born in Australia, and being diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.01). CRF01_AE infections clusters were associated with infections among individuals diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.05) and CRF01_AE singletons were more likely to be from infections among individuals reporting heterosexual transmission (p < 0.05). We found six subtype B clusters with an above‐average growth rate (>1.5 sequences / 6‐months) and which consisted of a majority of infections among MSM. We also found four active growing CRF01_AE clusters containing only infections among MSM. Finally, we found 47 subtype B and seven CRF01_AE clusters that contained a large gap in time (>1 year) between infections and may be indicative of intermediate transmissions via undiagnosed individuals.ConclusionsThe large number of active and growing clusters among MSM are the driving force of the ongoing epidemic in NSW for subtype B and CRF01_AE.     

喉癌中EGFR基因扩增、表达及临床意义

目的研究喉癌中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因的扩增、表达,探讨其在喉癌发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法采用差异PCR(differential PCR)方法检测40例喉鳞状细胞癌及配对癌旁正常组织中EGFR基因的扩增(即基因拷贝数增加);应用RT-PCR方法检测EGFR mRNA水平;应用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果喉癌组织中有13例(占32.5%)EGFR基因拷贝数增加,癌旁对照组中则未检测到(χ2=15.537,P<0.005);喉癌组织中EGFR mRNA平均积分光密度为872.356±62.340,癌旁对照组为346.425±57.380(t=5.959,P<0.001);喉癌组织分化程度越低,病理分期越晚,EGFR基因扩增和mRNA表达水平越高(P<0.05)。结论喉癌中EGFR基因在DNA水平上的扩增是EGFR mRNA过表达的原因之一,EGFR的扩增和过表达在喉癌的发生、进展中发挥一定作用。     

肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的IL-2基因修饰的巨噬细胞治疗肾癌的实验研究

目的 :观察体外肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )基因修饰的巨噬细胞对肾癌小鼠的治疗效果并探讨其相关的免疫机理。方法 :通过重组腺病毒的介导 ,将IL 2基因转入新鲜分离的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,经肿瘤抗原冲击致敏后回输治疗原位肾癌小鼠 ,采用 4h5 1 Cr释放法检测脾脏NK和CTL活性。结果 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后体内回输可使肾癌小鼠肺转移结节明显减少 ,存活期明显延长 ,40 %肾癌小鼠达到长期存活。治疗后荷瘤小鼠脾脏NK和CTL活性显著提高。结论 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后自体回输是治疗肾癌的有效方法。     

临床分离铜绿假单胞菌β-内酰胺类耐药相关基因的研究

目的 调查临床分离铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aerugirtosa，Pa）β-内酰胺类耐药相关基因的流行状况。方法 采用VITEK-32全自动微生物系统对26株临床分离的Pa进行抗生素敏感试验，PCR方法检测11种β-内酰胺酶和外膜蛋白oprD2编码基因。结果 26株PaTEM、IMP、OXA的阳性率分别为42．3％、30．8％、3．8％，oprD2基因缺失高达92．3％，而SHV、CTX-M-1、PER、VEB、GES、VIM、DHA、MIR基因均阴性。结论 我院临床分离Pa对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的主要原因为产TEM、IMP型β-内酰胺酶和缺失外膜蛋白oprD2。     

三种烤瓷贴面牙体预备的临床修复效果评价

:【目的】评价 3种烤瓷贴面 (PLV)牙体预备的近期临床效果。【方法】根据贴面形态和覆盖牙体范围将PLV牙体预备分为I型、L型和U型 3种 ,用于着色牙和前牙间隙、缺损等修复 ,PLV采用长石质PLV瓷系统制作 ,双重固化树脂粘结系统粘结 ,观察 6～ 2 2个月 ,考察 3种牙体预备类型的适应证、最终美学效果、粘接强度及牙本质敏感性等。【结果】 35例 2 0 3个瓷贴面修复后形态、颜色满意 ,美学效果佳 ;无脱落 ,仅局部崩折 2例 ,近期粘接效果满意 ;备牙时牙本质暴露率达 95 16 % ,粘固后牙本质过敏症状不同程度缓解。【结论】合理选择适应证、足够的牙体制备及高强度树脂粘结系统 ,可保证 3种牙体预备类型均能使PLV获得良好的外形、满意的颜色及可靠的临床近期粘接强度 ;但牙本质过敏问题应予重视     

髂内动脉注入鸦油乳对狗正常膀胱组织影响的研究

目的 为鸦油乳掏膀胱肿瘤生长提供组织学依据。方法 正常狗随机分为：注药组（７只）和对照组（３只）,分别经髂内动脉注入鸦油乳０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、美蓝０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ。１周后,随机活检膀胱各个部位作光镜及电镜观察。结果 注药组光镜可见粘膜上皮细胞脱落、坏死、肌层和浆膜充血、水肿、坏死以及急、慢性炎性细胞浸润;电镜发现在微血管内有鸦油乳微栓形成,并见细胞质膜结构的破坏。而对照组未发现明显变化。结论 鸦油乳     

鼠源性单克隆抗体F(ab′)2片段制备工艺

目的制备符合临床应用质量标准的鼠源性mAb F(ab′)2片段.方法采用胃蛋白酶消化小鼠腹水抗体,疏水作用色谱法纯化F(ab′)2片段的新工艺,替代原有的木瓜蛋白酶消化IgG,阴离子交换色谱法纯化的旧工艺.结果新工艺所制备的F(ab′)2 片段经SDS-PAGE检测纯度达98%以上,ABC免疫组化法测定免疫活性为1∶8000,回收率大于 50%,核酸含量及热原均合格,整个工艺流程可在48 h内完成.结论新工艺制备人用鼠源性mAb F(ab′)2片段更简便高效、安全实用,能够适应中试放大及大规模生产的要求.     

An unusual cause of depressed skull fracture: case report

BACKGROUND: Camel collision accidents are a common occurrence in Saudi Arabia, with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Isolated injuries are rare because of the nature of impact sustained by the person. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 4-year-old child with an isolated depressed skull fracture resulting from a camel collision is described. The other occupants of the car were crushed to death. The child sustained only an impact to his head, causing a compound depressed skull fracture with localized cortical damage. CONCLUSIONS: Camel collision accidents are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in Saudi Arabia. Isolated skull injuries are rare and result from a localized impact. This is the first report of a compound depressed skull fracture from such an incident. The extent of the problem and efforts toward prevention are described.