Imbalances within the peripheral blood T-helper (CD4+) and T-suppressor (CD8+) cell populations in the reconstitution phase after human bone marrow transplantation

Peripheral blood T cell subsets were evaluated in 11 patients during the reconstitution phase after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and compared with 11 age-matched controls. The proportion of cells coexpressing Leu7 and CD11b (C3bi receptor) markers was determined within the CD4+ (T-helper) and the CD8+ (T-suppressor) subsets by two- color immunofluorescence analysis. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reached normal or near-normal values within the first year posttransplant. In contrast to normal controls, however, most of the cells in both subsets coexpressed the Leu7 and CD11b markers. T cells with such phenotype display the morphological features of granular lymphocytes (GLs) and a functional inability to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2). These T cell imbalances were not related to graft v host disease (GvHD) or to clinically detectable virus infections and may account for some defects of cellular and humoral immunity that occur after bone marrow transplantation.     

Prevalence and factors associated with HCV (hepatitis C virus) seropositivity in Islamabad, Pakistan

An estimated 150-200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. Prevalence is higher in some countries in Asia and Africa. Only limited information about the epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection especially in females is available. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies and the possible factors for transmission in the female population of a largely urban city Islamabad. A cross sectional study was conducted from May 2006 to August 2006 in Islamabad. We select 252 female households (n=252) following the selection criteria. The primary outcome variables were HCV seropositivity and factors like history of major surgical procedure, blood transfusion, Intravenous drug use etc. The results showed mean age of the sample was 33.21 (±9.95) years and HCV seropositivity was present in 62 (24.6%) females. Final Forward Stepwise multiple logistic regression showed blood transfusion [OR, 10.094 95% CI 1.950-52.257], dental procedure [OR, 5.381 95% CI 2.315-12.507] and dilation and curettage [OR, 3.869 95% 1.867-8.015] were significantly associated with HCV seropositivity in females. The study highlights poor quality of care provided and a massive need to educate general population including patients as well as health professionals and allied health workers.     

Pulmonary sarcoidosis in the older patient: conventional radiographic features

The clinical and radiographic findings in 29 patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis after the age of 50 years were reviewed. Fifty-nine percent (17 patients) had atypical findings at presentation. The atypical patterns at radiography included mediastinal adenopathy alone or in combination with unilateral hilar adenopathy (n = 8), solitary or multiple pulmonary masses (n = 3), and atelectasis (n = 3). Five patients had extrathoracic tumors at the time that the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was made, which confused the diagnosis at radiography. An enhanced awareness of the atypical patterns of sarcoidosis in the older patient may facilitate the diagnostic process.     

T-lymphoblastic lymphomas expressing the non-disulfide-linked form of the T-cell receptor gamma/delta: characterization with monoclonal antibodies and genotypic analysis

Three cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LL) expressing the T cell antigen receptor gamma delta (TCR gamma delta) are reported. All of them were CD3+/beta F1-/TCR delta 1+. Moreover, neoplastic cells reacted with the delta TCS1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) which binds to the non-disulfide-linked form of the TCR gamma delta, but not with the BB3 MoAb which recognizes the disulfide-linked form of the TCR gamma delta. All cases showed a stage II cortical phenotype, eg, TdT+/CD1+/CD3+/CD5+/CD7+; two of them coexpressed CD4/CD8, while the other was CD4+/CD8-. Two cases were positive for CALLA and CD25. Immunogenotypic analysis showed evidence of T beta and C gamma 2 gene rearrangements in all three cases and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in two cases. Two patients presented with an anterior mediastinal mass and the third with a solitary inguinal lymphadenopathy. We suggest that these cases of TCR gamma delta+ T-LL may be derived from the small population (approximately 0.5%) of CD3+ cortical thymocytes which, in the normal human thymus, express the delta TCS1-reactive, non-disulfide-linked form of the TCR gamma delta.     

Mast cell leukemia with prolonged survival on PKC412/midostaurin

Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of systemic mastocytosis. There are approximately 50 reported cases since 1950s. MCL is refractory to cytoreduction chemotherapy and the average survival is only six months. We report a MCL case in a 71 year-old woman with high tumor load at the initial presentation in 2005, who did not respond to either interleukin-2 or dasatinib therapy. After enrolled in a clinical trial of PKC412 (or Midostaurin) with a daily dose of 100 mg, the patient responded well to PKC412 and became transfusion independent in three months. Since then, her disease had been stably controlled. This is the first report of a high-tumor-load MCL case which achieved prolonged survival (101 months) by PKC 412. The 101-month overall survival is the longest among reported MCL cases in the English literature.     

Prevalence of thyroid disorders in North Indian Type 2 diabetic subjects: A cross sectional study

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health burden worldwide with many patients encountering thyroid dysfunction later in their life. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexists. However, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and associated clinical variables in these patients has not been investigated.

Survey on the prevalence of Dermanyssus gallinae in commercial laying farms in Portugal

ABSTRACT

Dermanyssus gallinae, also known as the poultry red mite (PRM), is a blood-feeding ectoparasite of poultry and sylvatic birds. This mite is endemic in many parts of the globe and poses a threat to the egg industry, while compromising the health and welfare of hens, both directly and as a vector of diseases. In addition, people attacked by D. gallinae may develop gamasoidosis. Despite the high prevalence in several European countries, epidemiological information on D. gallinae in Portugal is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and infestation levels in laying farms in Portugal and evaluate the perception and attitudes of producers regarding D. gallinae. A survey was performed between August 2016 – November 2017, which included 24 farms in the NUTS2 regions Centro and Norte. Mites were sampled with corrugated cardboard traps and the perception and attitudes of farmers regarding the PRM were evaluated with the European COREMI questionnaire prepared by WG 1 of the COST action FA1404. D. gallinae was detected in 95.8% of farms (95% CI: 79.8–99.3%). The average number of trapped mites among farms was 5200?±?16,522, with a median of 359 mites (interquartile range?=?46–3135). Results from the questionnaire show that insufficient monitoring, under-detection and late and suboptimal treatment may contribute to the maintenance of significant infestation levels. The present data highlight the need for adequate monitoring of D. gallinae, timely action and effective treatment in order to improve poultry productivity and ensure human and animal health and welfare.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• A survey on the prevalence of D. gallinae in Portuguese layer farms is presented

• The perceived importance of D. gallinae was assessed with a questionnaire

• D. gallinae was detected in 95.8% of farms

• The results emphasize the need for adequate monitoring and treatment optimization.