Plain Radiograph Fails to Reflect the Alignment and Advantages of Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty

The study purposed to determine if a navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leads to accurate limb alignment and component position than the conventional technique as measured by full length standing radiographs and to evaluate the correlation between navigation and radiographic measurements. A total of 160 knees underwent navigation (n = 80) or conventional (n = 80) TKAs. The frontal femoral alignment was more accurate in navigation TKAs, whereas mechanical axis and frontal tibial alignment were similar in both techniques. Although the intraoperative navigation alignment showed no outliers, postoperative radiographic measure resulted as much as 20% of outliers, and there was no correlation between the two measurements. This lack of correlation and inherent limitations in measuring TKA alignment may bring to question if plain radiograph are useful to determine if alignment achieved by navigation is accurate.     

克罗米芬联合己酮可可碱治疗特发性少、弱精子症的临床研究

目的探讨克罗米芬＋己酮可可碱治疗特发性少、弱精子症的临床效果。方法选取门诊少、弱精子症患者300例,随机分为两组,A组（n=156）口服克罗米芬（50mg,q.d）＋己酮可可碱缓释片（400mg,b.i.d）＋VitE（100mg,t.i.d）;B组（n=144）只服用VitE（100mg,t.i.d）,共3个月,比较两组间各自用药前后的精液参数。进一步将A组患者分成少精子症（n=69）和弱精子症（n=87）2组,比较两者联合药物治疗前后精液各参数。结果（1）联合药物治疗3个月后,A组的精子活率、a级活动精子率、（a＋b）级活动精子率等参数明显增加（P〈0.05）,但精液量、精子密度和活动精子总数无明显差异（P〉0.05）;B组精液各参数没有明显变化。（2）少精子症组联合药物治疗后精子密度、精子活率、活动精子总数明显提高（P〈0.05）;而弱精子症组仅精子活率明显提高（P〈0.05）,精子密度和活动精子总数没有明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论克罗米芬＋已酮可可碱能显著提高特发性少精子症患者的精子密度、精子活率、活动精子总数,以及特发性弱精子症的精子活率。     

复合法诱发小鼠结肠炎模型的建立和免疫学验证

目的:建立2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)和醋酸(AA)复合法诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型,并验证其在炎性肠病(IBD)发病及治疗机制中的研究价值。方法:昆明种小鼠48只,按体重随机分为正常对照、模型、硫氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)及中药灌肠治疗4组,肠道积分法观察组织病理学变化;DAPI染色检测淋巴细胞凋亡指数的改变;流式细胞仪分析外周血中CD4~ CD29~ T细胞及外周血和肠系膜淋巴结中CD3~ 、CD4~ T细胞的变化。结果:成功建立免疫型小鼠结肠炎模型。模型组小鼠肠道病理学损伤较正常对照组明显加重;特别是模型组CD4~ CD29~ T细胞比例明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);免疫组织淋巴细胞凋亡指数显著升高(P<0.01);而CD3~ 、CD4~ T细胞较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。经SASP和中药灌肠治疗后,肠道组织病理损伤明显减轻,免疫组织淋巴细胞凋亡指数显著降低,且CD3~ 、CD4~ T细胞亚群较模型组明显增高。结论:DNCB AA法诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型,是一种较理想的IBD动物模型,可成功用于炎性肠病发病及治疗机制的研究。     

浅静脉干及其滋养血管放射自显影动物实验研究

目的：探讨浅静脉干滋养血管在皮瓣存活中的作用。方法：在6头白色家猪的腹部设计以腹壁浅静脉为轴,蒂在近心端的局部皮瓣,按静脉干的处理不同分成实验组（皮瓣内包含浅静脉及其周围组织）和对照组（将浅静脉干及其周围0．5cm内的软组织在蒂部结扎后切断）。用^99mTc标记红细胞,然后ECT检测分析。结果：术后2h实验组与对照组皮瓣蒂部出现少许散在性放射核素影像;术后4h实验组皮瓣中远端出现放射性核素影像,而对照组仅蒂部影像增多;术后6h实验组皮瓣绝大部分区域出现放射性核素显像,对照组皮瓣远端始终末记录到放射性核素影像。结论：浅静脉干及其滋养血管对皮瓣的成活有重要作用。     

Suture techniques with high breaking strength and low gliding resistance: experiments in the dog flexor digitorum profundus tendon

We studied the breaking strength and gliding resistance between the pulley and flexor tendon for various suture techniques. Canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were transected and sutured using one of eight repair techniques: modified Kessler (MK); Tsuge (Tsuge); two variations of a double modified Kessler (DK1, DK2); combined modified Kessler-modified Tsuge (MKT); augmented Becker (Becker); Cruciate (Cruciate); and modified double Tsuge (DT). The force to produce a 1.5 mm gap, ultimate failure load, resistance to gap formation, and gliding resistance were measured. The force to produce a 1.5 mm gap and the ultimate breaking force were higher with the DK1, DK2, MKT, Becker, Cruciate, and DT repairs than they were with the MK and Tsuge repair, while the gliding resistance of the Becker was higher than that of the MK, DK1, DK2, MKT. Cruciate, and UT repairs. In addition to confirming that repair strength increases as the number of strands crossing the repair increases, we also found that these stronger repairs need not produce higher gliding resistance than less robust repairs.     

The relationship between disc degeneration and flexibility of the lumbar spine.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A relationship between degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and biomechanical functions of the lumbar spine has been suggested. However, the exact relationship between the grade of disc degeneration and the flexibility of the motion segment is not known. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between degenerative grades of the intervertebral disc and three-dimensional (3-D) biomechanical characteristics of the motion segment under multidirectional loading conditions. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A biomechanical and imaging study of human cadaveric spinal motion segments. METHODS: One hundred fourteen lumbar motion segments from T12-L1 to L5-S1 taken from 47 fresh cadaver spines (average age at death, 68 years; range, 39 to 87 years) were used in this study. The severity of degeneration (grades I to V according to Thomson's system) was determined using magnetic resonance (MR) images and cryomicrotome sections. Pure unconstrained moments with dead weights were applied to the motion segments in six load steps. The directions of loading included flexion, extension, right and left axial rotation, and right and left lateral bending. RESULTS: When the MR images were graded, 2 segments had grade I disc degeneration; 45, grade II; 20, grade III; 26, grade IV; and 21, grade V. When the cryomicrotome sections were graded, 14 segments had grade I disc degeneration; 31, grade II; 22, grade III; 26, grade IV; and 21, grade V. Segments from the upper lumbar levels (T12-L1 to L3-4) tended to have greater rotational movement in flexion, extension, and axial rotation with disc degeneration up to grade IV, whereas the motion decreased when the disc degenerated to grade V. In the lower lumbar spine at L4-5 and L5-S1, motion in axial rotation and lateral bending was increased in grade III. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that kinematic properties of the lumbar spine are related to disc degeneration. Greater motion generally was found with disc degeneration, particularly in grades III and IV, in which radial tears of the annulus fibrosus are found. Disc space collapse and osteophyte formation as found in grade V resulted in stabilization of the motion segments.     

Tensile properties of suture methods for repair of partially lacerated human flexor tendon in vitro

The decision to treat zone II partially lacerated flexor tendons is challenging, because there can be justification for either repair or no repair, depending on the surgeon's assessment of the strength of the residual intact portion of the tendon. In this study tensile properties of various repair techniques were compared. Cadaveric human flexor tendons (n = 118) were lacerated to 75% of their cross-section and repaired with either a core suture method (Kessler, modified Kessler, Savage, Lee, augmented Becker, or Tsuge all finished with a circumferential running suture), an epitendinous suture alone (circumferential or partial), or the tendons were left unrepaired. Among the core suture methods there was no significant difference (p >.05) in maximum failure force (overall mean, 211.2 N; SD, 53.2) or force to produce a 1.5-mm gap (74.1 N; SD, 49.7). Likewise there was no significant difference (p >.05) in tendon stiffness (41.0 N/mm; SD, 14.0) or resistance to gap formation (52.3 N/mm; SD, 23.1). In comparison, repairs without the core suture, including unrepaired tendons, were significantly weaker (144.7 N, p <.001) and had a marginally lower stiffness (p =.04) but had a similar resistance to gap formation (43.5 N/mm).     

Gliding characteristics of tendon repair in canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons.

The gliding resistance between the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon and the proximal pulley system was measured using the method of S. Uchiyama, J.H. Coert, L. Berglund, P.C. Amadio, K.N. An (J. Orthop. Res. 13 (1995) 83) in 108 adult dog digits in vitro. The FDP tendons were then lacerated to 80% of their transverse section. Each tendon was repaired with one of the following six suture techniques: Kessler, modified Kessler, Savage, Lee, Becker and simple running suture alone. Each repaired tendon was then tested again using the same method. The Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons was performed for statistical analysis. The average gliding resistances of the Kessler, Savage, and Becker repairs were significantly greater than the resistances of the Lee, modified Kessler, and running suture alone repairs (P < 0.05). The Lee suture technique had a significantly greater resistance than the modified Kessler repair and the running suture (P < 0.05). The results of the peak gliding resistance followed the same trends, except that the modified Kessler repair was significantly higher than the running suture alone (P < 0.05). Suture techniques with a multi-strand core suture, with knots located outside the tendon surface, and with multiple-loops on the tendon surface may result in increased gliding resistance between the tendon and pulley system after tendon repair.     

氯化镧对内毒素/脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞株一氧化氮合酶表达的抑制作用

目的了解氯化镧（LaCl3）对内毒素／脂多糖（LPS）刺激的巨噬细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达的影响，并探讨其机制。方法将小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264．7分为空白对照组、LaCl、组、LPS组和LaCl3＋LPS组。前3组细胞分别用常规培养液、含2．50μmol／L LaCl3的培养液、含1mg／L LPS的培养液培养24h，LaCl3＋LPS组用含2．5μmol／LLaCl，的培养液培养24h后，换为含1mg／L LPS的培养液培养24h。采用免疫细胞化学染色法检测iNOS在各组细胞中的表达强度；蛋白质印迹法检测iNOS的蛋白表达水平；反转录一PCR测定iNOS的mRNA表达水平；硝酸还原酶法测定各组细胞培养上清液中一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果免疫细胞化学染色结果显示，iNOS主要分布于各组细胞的胞质中，空白对照组和LaCl3组荧光强度极弱；LPS组荧光强度最强，阳性细胞百分率为44．4％，明显高于LaCl3＋LPS组（11．8％，P〈0．05）。LPS组iNOS蛋白及其mRNA表达量和细胞培养上清液中NO含量均高于其余各组（P〈0．05）。结论LaCl3可在mRNA水平和蛋白水平抑制LPS诱导的iNOS过度表达，减少NO生成，提示LaCl3能拮抗LPS诱导的iNOS过度活化。     

T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术检测人CEA

目的 建立检测人CEA的T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术.方法 以亲和素作为连接分子,连接生物素化的检测抗体和生物素化的DNA,加入T7RNA聚合酶进行转录扩增反应,对生成的RNA产物进行荧光检测,并同时进行夹心ELISA方法检测人CEA.结果 成功的建立了检测人CEA的T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术,其检测CEA的灵敏度达2×10 -3 ng/ml,比夹心EL ISA 方法灵敏度高125倍.结论 T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术较夹心ELISA方法具有更高的敏感性,有可能作为一种新的检测方法用于临床的早期诊断.