奥氮平与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症比较研究

目的　评价奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效与安全性。方法　对 80例精神分裂症患者随机分成两组 ,分别给予奥氮平与氯丙嗪治疗 8周 ,采用PANSS评价临床疗效 ,TESS评价不良反应。结果　奥氮平组治疗前后PANSS减分率为 4 2 .4 % ,有效率为 82 .5 % ;氯丙嗪组治疗前后PANSS减分率为 37.5 % ,有效率为 70 %。奥氮平组未见严重的药物不良反应 ,安全性好。结论　奥氮平治疗精神分裂症有效性好、安全性高、可行性强     

Characteristic methylation profile in CpG island methylator phenotype‐negative distal colorectal cancers

Aberrant DNA methylation is involved in colon carcinogenesis. Although the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is defined as a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) with remarkably high levels of DNA methylation, it is not known whether epigenetic processes are also involved in CIMP‐negative tumors. We analyzed the DNA methylation profiles of 94 CRCs and their corresponding normal‐appearing colonic mucosa with 11 different markers, including the five classical CIMP markers. The CIMP markers were frequently methylated in proximal CRCs (p < 0.01); however, RASSF1A methylation levels were significantly higher in distal CRCs, the majority of which are CIMP‐negative (p < 0.05). Similarly, methylation levels of RASSF1A and SFRP1 in the normal‐appearing mucosae of distal CRC cases were significantly higher than those in the proximal CRC cases (p < 0.05). They were also positively correlated with age (RASSF1A, p < 0.01; SFRP1, p < 0.01). Microarray‐based genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of 18 CRCs revealed that 168 genes and 720 genes were preferentially methylated in CIMP‐negative distal CRCs and CIMP‐positive CRCs, respectively. Interestingly, more than half of the hypermethylated genes in CIMP‐negative distal CRCs were also methylated in the normal‐appearing mucosae, indicating that hypermethylation in CIMP‐negative distal CRCs is more closely associated with age‐related methylation. By contrast, more than 60% of the hypermethylated genes in CIMP‐positive proximal CRCs were cancer specific (p < 0.01). These data altogether suggest that CpG island promoters appear to be methylated in different ways depending on location, a finding which may imply the presence of different mechanisms for the acquisition of epigenetic changes during colon tumorigenesis.     

少花斑鸠菊中的一个新三萜

目的 研究海南少花斑鸠菊Vernonia chunii的化学成分.方法 采用反复柱色谱法进行分离纯化,利用光谱数据及理化性质鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为:羽扇豆醇丙酸酯(Ⅰ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅱ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为羽扇豆醇丙酸酯(lupenyl propionate),其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

吗啡在产妇自控硬膜外镇痛与单次硬膜外镇痛对剖宫产产妇子宫缩复的影响

目的　探讨单次和持续少量吗啡注入硬膜外腔对剖宫产术后产妇子宫缩复、产后出血量的影响。方法　 2 44例孕产妇随机分为两组各 12 2例 ,Ⅰ组术毕单次量吗啡、甲氧氯普胺、新斯的明、生理盐水稀释后注入硬膜外腔 ,Ⅱ组术毕与硬膜外导管连接设置好的PCEA装置。结果　子宫缩复率分别为 77 0 4%、90 98% (P <0 0 5 )。两组出血量≥ 5 0 0ml者分别占 17 2 1%和 3 2 7%。催产素追加率分别为 13 93%和 1 6 3% ,最大追加剂量 6 0IU～ 80IU。组间比较P <0 0 1,差异显著。结论　单次注射吗啡 ,抑制子宫收缩 ,增加产后出血量及催产素追加率。PCEA为持续给药 ,使吗啡和局麻药协同 ,降低两药副反应 ,符合药代动力学给药规律和个体化用药原则 ,对子宫缩复无影响     

宁夏1998～2002年全国HIV哨点吸毒人群艾滋病监测结果分析

目的　通过对宁夏 1998～ 2 0 0 2年HIV哨点吸毒人群艾滋病血清学和行为监测情况分析 ,为制定艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法 :对宁夏 5年来吸毒人群艾滋病监测结果进行统计学分析。结果 :5年共检测 332 7人 ,检出HIV感染者 12例 ,阳性率为 0 .36 % ,其中男性 2 871人 ,女性 4 5 6人 ,男女比例为 6 .2 :1,2 5～ 34岁占 5 6 .33%。结论 :1998～ 2 0 0 2年艾滋病流行速度明显加快 ,静脉注射毒品增多 ,预计吸毒人群中HIV感染者将大幅度增长 ,需加大防治措施 ,防止进一步蔓延。     

Biomolecular evidence of anti-inflammatory effects by Clematis mandshurica Ruprecht root extract in rodent cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Clematis mandshurica Ruprecht root is widely used in Asia as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. This research investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Clematis mandshurica Ruprecht root extract (CRE) using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan- (CA-) induced rat paw edema.

Materials and methods

Production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in the culture supernatant, mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the extract were assayed. In addition, the effect of CRE on acute inflammation in vivo was observed using CA-induced rat hind paw edema assay. The changes on the histopathology and histomorphometry of hind paw skins—dorsum and ventrum pedis were observed using CA-treated rats.

Results

Treatment with CRE (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) resulted in inhibited levels of protein expression of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) as well as production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO, and PGE₂ induced by LPS. Consistent with these results, CRE reduced the LPS-induced expressions of these cytokines, iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, results of the CA-induced rat hind paw edema assay showed an anti-edema effect of CRE. In addition, treatment with CRE resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of CA-induced increases of skin thickness, mast cell degranulation, and infiltrated inflammatory, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2-positive cells in both dorsum and ventrum pedis skin, respectively.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that CRE exhibits anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the pathways of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. In addition, results of the CA-induced rat hind paw edema assay show an anti-edema effect of CRE. Our findings also support the traditional use of CRE in the inflammatory symptoms of rheumatic arthritis and acute icteric hepatitis. Thus, CRE may have therapeutic potential for a variety of inflammation-mediated diseases and may be developed into potent anti-inflammatory drugs.     

A novel Salmonella genomic island 1 and rare integron types in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses in The Netherlands

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genotypic resistance of integron-carrying Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses and their genetic relationship. METHODS: Sixty-one Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence of class 1 integrons by PCR. The gene cassettes of integron-positive isolates were detected by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, and sequencing. The potential for the transfer of resistance determinants was investigated by conjugation experiments. The presence of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) or its variants was studied by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. PFGE was used to genotype the isolates. RESULTS: Eight distinct XbaI-PFGE profiles and seven integron types were observed among 26 integron-carrying Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. The gene cassettes detected were dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA14, aadA1, aadA2, aadB and bla(PSE). A rare type of integron found in nine isolates carried the dfrA14 and aadA1 gene cassettes. Twelve Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates contained SGI1 or one of its variants (SGI1, SGI1-B and SGI1-C). A novel variant of SGI1, designated SGI1-M, was identified in one isolate in which the aadA2 gene of SGI1 was replaced by the aadB gene. Transfer of integrons and antimicrobial resistance determinants to Escherichia coli K12 via conjugation was possible with nine isolates. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in nine isolates was caused by mutations in the gyrA gene leading to the amino acid changes Ser-83 --> Ala and Asp-87 --> Asn. CONCLUSIONS: The integron-positive clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses belong to distinct strains. The data demonstrate the capability of Salmonella Typhimurium to acquire additional antibiotic resistance determinants and underline the need for the prudent use of antimicrobials.     

Translocation of aberrant left subclavian artery and resection of Kommerell diverticulum during the concomitant repair of intracardiac anomalies

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESTo assess the safety and efficacy of the translocation of the aberrant left subclavian artery (LSCA) and resection of the Kommerell diverticulum during the concomitant repair of intracardiac anomalies for paediatric patients who had a right-sided aortic arch.METHODSA retrospective review of paediatric patients who were diagnosed right-sided aortic arch, aberrant LSCA, Kommerell diverticulum and intracardiac anomalies between 2015 and 2019 was conducted. Patients who underwent translocation of the aberrant LSCA, diverticulum resection and concomitant intracardiac repair were included.RESULTSEight patients underwent translocation of aberrant LSCA, diverticulum resection, ligamentum division and concomitant repair of the associated intracardiac anomalies. All patients were male. The median age was 1.3 years (range 0.4–5.5 years) and the median weight was 10.0 kg (range 6.1–21.0 kg). The most commonly combined intracardiac anomaly was a ventricular septal defect. Seven patients (87.5%) had preoperative respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. There was no early mortality and no postoperative complications. During the median follow-up of 23 months (range 4–43 months), no patient had residual respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. A postoperative computed tomography scan was performed in 3 patients, all of which showed patent LSCA–left carotid artery anastomosis.CONCLUSIONSTranslocation of the aberrant LSCA and resection of the Kommerell diverticulum can be safely performed during the concomitant repair of intracardiac anomalies for paediatric patients. This approach could eliminate residual respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and prevent reintervention in the future.     

硒对加钴引起体外培养心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 观察硒对钴引起心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 分别于体外培养体生Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠心肌细胞培养液中加入钴（４０ｕｇ／ｍｌ）、硒（０．１ｕｇ／ｍｌ）、同时加入钴（４０ｕｇ／ｍｌ）和硒（０．１ｕｇ／ｍｌ）,在培养的不同时期观察心肌细胞形态结构,并测定心肌酶活性。结果 硒能明显减轻钴对心肌细胞形态结构的员伤性改变,并可降低心肌细胞培养液中心肌酶的活性。结论 硒对钴引起心肌细胞损伤有一定的保护作用。     

腹腔镜、胆管镜、扩张导管、T管支架治疗肝左外叶及胆总管结石17例

目的探讨腹腔镜、胆管镜、扩张导管(逐级扩张导管、球囊导管)、T管支架(T形管＋塑料胆管支架,LCDTS)治疗肝左外叶及胆总管结石的应用体会。 方法回顾性分析2002年4月至2017年9月间符合入选标准的17例患者的临床资料。 结果腹腔镜下切除肝左外叶和探查胆总管17例,切除胆囊12例。胆管镜取石、逐级导管扩张左肝管和乳头并留置LCDTS 52.9% (9/17),逐级导管扩张左肝管和推挤左肝管结石出总管切口并留置LCDTS 23.5% (4/17),逐级导管联合球囊导管扩张左肝管并留置LCDTS 11.8%(2/17),因肝内胆管残石和狭窄扩张左肝管并留置LCDTS 11.8% (2/17)。术后残石2例(11.8%),胆汁漏1例(5.9%)。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、急性胰腺炎等并发症,无围手术期再手术和死亡患者。术后总并发症发生率为17.6%(3/17)。 结论只要病例选择合适,LCDTS治疗肝左外叶及胆总管结石是可行、有效和安全的。