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971.
Contribution of interleukin-11 and prostaglandin(s) in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption in vivo 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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We previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activities only partially account for calvarial bone resorption induced by local application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The present study was undertaken to determine the role and relative contribution of IL-11 and prostaglandin(s) (PG[s]) in LPS-induced bone resorption in vivo. A one-time dose of LPS was injected into the subcutaneous tissue overlying calvaria of mice lacking IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI(-/-)), mice lacking TNF receptor p55 and IL-1RI (TNFRp55(-/-)-IL-1RI(-/-)), and wild-type mice. Mice were then treated with injections of anti-IL-11 monoclonal antibody (MAb), indomethacin, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and sacrificed 5 days later. Histological sections stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were quantified by histomorphometric analysis. At low doses of LPS (100 microg/mouse), the percentages of bone surface covered by osteoclasts were found to be similar in three strains of mice. The increase was reduced by 37% with anti-IL-11 MAb and by 46% with indomethacin. At higher doses of LPS (500 microg/mouse), we found an eightfold increase in these percentages in wild-type mice and a fivefold increase in these percentages in IL-1RI(-/-) and TNFRp55(-/-)-IL-1RI(-/-) mice after normalizing with the value from the saline-PBS control group in the same strain of mice. The increase was reduced by 55 and 69% in wild-type mice and by 50 and 57% in IL-1RI(-/-) and TNFRp55(-/-)-IL-1RI(-/-) mice treated with anti-IL-11 MAb or indomethacin, respectively. Our findings suggest that in vivo, at low doses of LPS (100 microg/mouse), LPS-induced bone resorption is mediated by IL-11 and PGs, while at high doses of LPS (500 microg/mouse), it is mediated by IL-11, PGs, IL-1, and TNF signaling. IL-11 and PGs mediate LPS-induced bone resorption by enhancing osteoclastogenesis independently of the IL-1 or TNF signaling. 相似文献
972.
Background
The current debate about medical futility is mostly driven by theoretical and personal perspectives and there is a lack of empirical data to document experts and public attitudes towards medical futility. 相似文献973.
Naomi C Kirkpatrick Alireza Mahmoudian Cheryl A Colson Joanne M Devlin Amir H Noormohammadi 《Avian pathology》2006,35(6):449-453
Previous studies in our laboratory using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism have identified at least five different genotypes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). However, the virulence of these classes of ILTV was not investigated. In this study, five groups (16 birds each) of 3-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated via the intratracheal route with 10(3) median embryo infected dose of five different strains of ILTV. Three further groups of chickens were inoculated similarly with the vaccine strains SA2 and A20 or with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for comparison. Four days post-inoculation, clinical signs were monitored for scoring, and eight chickens from each group were subsequently euthanized, weighed and subjected to pathological and histopathological examinations. The remaining birds were monitored for clinical signs and mortality until 21 days post-inoculation. All groups inoculated with ILTV strains showed moderate to severe clinical signs 4 days after inoculation. The strain Q1-96 caused only minimal breathing symptoms with a median score that was not significantly different to that of the group inoculated with PBS, but was significantly different to those of the groups inoculated with other ILTV strains. The strain Q1-96 caused severe photophobia and conjunctivitis with a median score that was significantly higher than those of all other groups except for the group inoculated with the strain N3-04. All ILTV strains caused a significant reduction in weight gain when compared with the group inoculated with PBS. The strain Q1-96 caused an average weigh loss of 14% that was significantly higher than those of other ILTV strains. The strains S2-04 and Q1-96 induced only minor microscopic tracheal lesions while all the other ILTV strains, including the vaccine strains A20 and SA2, induced moderate to severe microscopic tracheal lesions. Median scores for microscopic tracheal lesions were well correlated with the number of viral genomes detected in trachea. The results revealed that there is considerable variation among ILTV strains in their tropism for trachea or conjunctiva. In addition it was revealed that ILTV strains with high affinity for conjunctiva can severely affect weigh gain. The ILTV numbers and microscopic lesions in trachea were not found to be reliable indicators of virulence since they are not necessarily correlated with mortality rate in ILT. 相似文献
974.
975.
William A Sheremata Wenche Jy Lawrence L Horstman Yeon S Ahn J Steven Alexander Alireza Minagar 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2008,5(1):27
Objective
A fatality in one multiple sclerosis (MS) patient due to acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and a near fatality in another stimulated our interest in platelet function abnormalities in MS. Previously, we presented evidence of platelet activation in a small cohort of treatment-naive MS patients. 相似文献976.
Aynaz Tajaddini Neda Roshanravan Majid Mobasseri Zahraa Haleem Al-qaim Amir Hadi Aydin Aeinehchi Pouria Sefid-Mooye Azar Alireza Ostadrahimi 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2023,37(2):388-398
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and oxidative status in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 70 patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 35, each) and received 100 mg/day of saffron or placebo for eight weeks. Dietary intake, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, oxidative status, and liver enzymes were determined before and after the intervention. At the end of the eighth week, saffron intervention could significantly reduce FBS (7.57%), lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), atherogenic indices, and liver enzymes (p < .05). Moreover, saffron could improve oxidative status (nitric oxide [NO] and malondialdehyde [MDA] reduced by 26.29% and 16.35%, respectively). Catalase (CAT) concentration remained unchanged. Saffron supplementation may alleviate T2DM by improving glycemic status, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and oxidative status. Further investigation is necessary to assess possible side effects and confirm the positive effect of saffron as a complementary therapy in clinical recommendations for T2DM. 相似文献
977.
Irena Adamashvili Alireza Minagar Eduardo Gonzalez-Toledo Liubov Featherston Roger E Kelley 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2005,2(1):13
Background
Measurement of soluble HLA in body fluids has a potential role in assessing disease activity in autoimmune disorders. 相似文献978.
Blockade of central cholinergic receptors impairs new learning and increases proactive interference in a word paired-associate memory task 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Atri A Sherman S Norman KA Kirchhoff BA Nicolas MM Greicius MD Cramer SC Breiter HC Hasselmo ME Stern CE 《Behavioral neuroscience》2004,118(1):223-236
Experimental data and computational models suggest that blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors impairs paired-associate learning and increases proactive interference (E. DeRosa & M. E. Hasselmo, 2000; M. E. Hasselmo & J. M. Bower, 1993). The results presented here provide evidence in humans supporting these hypotheses. Young healthy subjects first learned baseline word pairs (A-B) and, after a delay, learned additional overlapping (A-C) and nonoverlapping (D-E) word pairs. As predicted, when compared with subjects who received the active placebo glycopyrrolate (4 microg/kg) and subjects who were not injected, those who received scopolamine (8 microg/kg) showed (a) overall impairment in new word paired-associate learning, but no impairment in cued recall of previously learned associates; and (b) greater impairment in learning overlapping (A-C) compared with nonoverlapping (D-E) paired associates. 相似文献
979.
980.
Alireza Zolfaghari Brian E. Conway 《Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》2000,488(2):151-153
In the course of cycling a Pt electrode into the platinum surface oxide formation and reduction region in an aqueous Cl? ion solution, using a Pd ∣ H reference electrode, it was found that the Pd surface becomes coated with Pt. It is shown that this phenomenon arises from electroless deposition of Pt from Pt anodically dissolved from the Pt working electrode; the adsorbed H at Pd ∣ H is the reducing agent. These observations provide a warning that care must be exercised in the use of Pd ∣ H as a reference electrode. 相似文献