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31.
PG Kareru JM Keriko GM Kenji GT Thiong'o AN Gachanja HN Mukiira 《African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines》2010,7(3):214-218
In this study, Tithonia diversifolia Helms. (A Gray), Aloe secundiflora (Miller) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) plant extracts were used to make herbal soaps while Thevetia peruviana (Schum) seed oil was used to make a herbal lotion for skincare. The soaps were tested for the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The lotion was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli. Although Tithonia diversifolia soap exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the test bacterial strains, it had the least inhibition against C. albicans. Results from this study indicated that the ‘Tithonia diversifolia’ soap would have superior skin protection against the tested bacteria but would offer the least skin protection against C. albicans. The herbal lotion inhibited S. aureus and E. coli in a concentration dependent manner, however, the inhibitory effect was more pronounced on S. aureus. 相似文献
32.
目的:分析血管紧张素原基因启动子区A-20C和A-6G单核苷酸多态性与蒙古族人群原发性高血压的相关性。方法:实验于2005-08/2006-01在北京华大实验室完成。选取对象均为生活在内蒙古乌拉特后旗的蒙古族牧民,三代血亲内无其他民族。采用基因测序技术对内蒙古蒙古族人群中107例原发性高血压患者和108例正常对照者进行A-20C和A-6G基因分型,观察高血压组和正常对照组不同基因型的分布和等位基因频率的差异。结果:①两组受试者在性别、年龄及吸烟、饮酒、体质量指数和临床化验检查指标有较好的匹配(P均>0.05)。②两组血管紧张素原基因A-20C位点AA,AC,CC基因型频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.51,0.29,0.20;正常对照组分别为0.49,0.28,0.23,χ2=0.395,P=0.529)。A,C等位基因频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.65,0.35;正常对照组分别为0.63,0.37,χ2=0.015,P=0.904)。③两组血管紧张素原基因A-6G位点AA,AG,GG基因型频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.50,0.33,0.17;正常对照组分别为0.55,0.34,0.11,χ2=1.924,P=0.165)。A,G等位基因频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.66,0.34;正常对照组分别为0.72,0.28,χ2=1.728,P=0.189)。④高血压组协同存在血管紧张素原基因A-20C基因型CC时,血管紧张素原基因A-6G基因型GG频率稍高于正常对照组,但差异无显著性意义(χ2=2.395,P=0.122,OR=7.52,95%CI0.014~1.250),高血压组G等位基因明显高于正常对照组(分别为0.37,0.22,χ2=4.658,P=0.034),携带该等位基因的蒙古族人群发生原发性高血压的相对危险度升高(OR=2.80,95%CI1.087~7.271)。结论:血管紧张素原基因A-20C和A-6G单核苷酸多态性与蒙古族人群原发性高血压相关,并可能具有协同作用。 相似文献
33.
KI Wheeler GM Schmölzer CJ Morley PG Davis 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2011,100(1):67-70
Background: Ventilator frequency is one of the determinants of tidal volume delivery during high‐frequency ventilation. Clinicians increasingly use data on ventilator displays to inform their decisions. Aim: To measure the frequencies delivered by the Dräger Babylog 8000plus ventilator when used in high‐frequency mode. Methods: Ventilator waveforms using a test lung were recorded at the full range of settings 5–20 Hz using Spectra software at 1000 Hz. The changes in frequency produced by a 1‐ Hz change in set frequency were calculated. Actual and displayed frequencies were compared. Results: For settings up to 12 Hz, median (range) difference between set and delivered frequencies was 0 (?0.4 to +0.1) Hz. Above 12 Hz, delivered frequency varied by ?0.3 (?1.9 to +0.3) Hz. For 1‐ Hz changes in frequency settings, in the range 5–12 Hz, 1‐ Hz changes produced a change in delivered frequency of 1.0 (0.6–1.4) Hz. Above 12 Hz, the corresponding changes were 0.7 (0–2.9) Hz. The ventilator displays the set frequency during operation rather than the delivered frequency. Conclusion: At 12 Hz and below, the differences between set and delivered frequencies were relatively small compared with those at 13 Hz and higher. Above 13 Hz, the difference between set and delivered frequencies was up to 2.9 Hz. Some frequency setting changes did not result in a change in delivered frequency. 相似文献
34.
35.
José GM Hofhuis Henk F van Stel Augustinus JP Schrijvers Johannes H Rommes Jan Bakker Peter E Spronk 《Critical care (London, England)》2009,13(1):118-3
During recent years increasing attention has been given to the quality of survival in critical care. Health-related quality
of life (HRQOL) is an important issue both for patients and their families. Furthermore, admission to the intensive care unit
can have adverse psychological effects in critically ill patients. Recent studies conducted in critically ill patients have
measured HRQOL. However, usually absent from such reports are evaluations of conceptual issues, addressing factors such as
why HRQOL should be measured in critically ill patients, how to define and standardize domains of HRQOL, whether proxies can
provide useful information about HRQOL in critically ill patients, whether response shift occurs in critically ill patients,
and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in critically ill patients. Some studies reported moderate agreement
between patients and their proxies, although lower levels of agreement may be reported for psychosocial or physical functioning.
Response shift (adaptation and change in perception) appears to be an important phenomenon and likely to be present, but it
is seldom measured when estimating HRQOL in critically ill patients. Furthermore, vigilance for symptoms of PTSD and early
interventions to prevent PTSD are needed. 相似文献
36.
Jack X Yu Anieta M Sieuwerts Yi Zhang John WM Martens Marcel Smid Jan GM Klijn Yixin Wang John A Foekens 《BMC cancer》2007,7(1):182
Background
Published prognostic gene signatures in breast cancer have few genes in common. Here we provide a rationale for this observation by studying the prognostic power and the underlying biological pathways of different gene signatures. 相似文献37.
A Ross GM Raab J Mok S Gilkison B Hamilton FD Johnstone 《Archives of disease in childhood》1995,73(6):490-495
OBJECTIVE: To determine the separate effects of maternal HIV infection and drug use during pregnancy on growth of uninfected children in their first 3 years. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of measurements from health visitor records made during routine child health surveillance at 6 weeks, 10 months, and 3 years of age. Multilevel analysis allowed for between-infant variation in fitted growth lines, and adjustment for other factors. Growth was described in terms of an intercept (z score at term) and growth slopes (change in z score per year) up to, and from, 4 months. SUBJECTS: 290 case babies delivered in Edinburgh hospitals to women who reported injection drug use by either themselves or their HIV infected partner, and 186 community controls. A total of 131 (45%) of the case babies were born to women who used drugs, predominantly opiates, during pregnancy and 93 (32%) to HIV infected women. The eight infected children were excluded from analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex standardised z scores for height, weight, and body mass index. RESULTS: 459 (96%) of the 476 records for cases and controls were traced, yielding 1432 weight and 939 height measurements. Maternal HIV infection was not found to affect growth; at 3 years the estimated effect on weight z score was 0.16 with 95% confidence interval (-0.25 to 0.57) and for height 0.18 (-0.19 to 0.55). Drug use during pregnancy was associated with lighter babies at 40 weeks followed by depressed growth in the first four months, these infants remaining just slightly smaller at 3 years with an estimated effect on z scores of -0.5 for weight with 95% confidence interval (-0.89 to -0.11) and -0.37 (-0.72 to -0.02) for height. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HIV infection does not adversely affect growth in uninfected infants, and the effect of drug use during pregnancy is limited to small decrease in size at 3 years. 相似文献
38.
GM Thambugala A Mohamed GFA O Neill MJ Fulham 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2006,50(6):604-606
We present the FDG PET‐CT findings in a patient with persistent pain 7 weeks after a nephrectomy and lymph node dissection for a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Although conventional imaging was unable to detect evidence of metastatic spread outside the para‐aortic nodes, a PET‐CT scan showed unexpected extensive dissemination. Currently, there are no reports in the literature of the PET‐CT findings in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas. 相似文献
39.
40.
A striking difference between two structurally related anti-estrogen
medicines is that tamoxifen is strongly hepatocarcinogenic in the rat,
whereas toremifene lacks such activity. To study the basis for this
difference, the initiating potential of tamoxifen and toremifene were
studied by measurement of rapid induction of hepatocellular altered foci
(HAF) that express placental-type glutathione S-transferase in the livers
of female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats and female Fischer 344 (F344) rats.
Both agents were administered by gavage at equimolar doses up to a dose
that produced marked weight gain suppression. In rats given the high dose
of 40 mg/kg per day tamoxifen continuously for 36 weeks, 75% of S-D rats
developed liver neoplasms, in contrast to only 10% of F344 rats. In the S-D
strain, tamoxifen produced a tendency to increased HAF at 2 weeks at the
dose of 40 mg/kg per day and by 12 weeks, a dose-related increase was
evident. In contrast, toremifene induced no HAF even at the equimolar high
dose of 42.4 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks. The induction of HAF by tamoxifen
was less in the F344 rats. Neither agent elicited increases in
hepatocellular proliferation in S-D or F344 rats. When phenobarbital was
administered for 24 weeks as a promoting agent after the anti-estrogens,
S-D rats given tamoxifen at 20 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks, developed liver
neoplasms, but not F344 rats or rats of either strain given even a higher
dose (42.4 mg/kg) of toremifene. Thus, tamoxifen has initiating activity in
these rat strains whereas toremifene does not.
相似文献